Inoculation of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Trees on M9 Rootstock with Azotobacter Improves Nutrient Uptake and Growth Indices     

H. Khosravi  S. M. Samar  E. Fallahi  H. Davoodi  M. Shahabian 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):946-953

ABSTRACT

Roots of young ‘Golden Delicious’ apple on M9 rootstock were inoculated with four strains of Azotobacter chroococcum, which were isolated from various soils. Effects of these strains in combination with different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and compost on plant growth and nutrient uptake were studied over two seasons. Therefore, a factorial arrangement included four strains of A. chroococcum, two levels of N-fertilizer (0 and 35 mg N kg^?1soil of ammonium nitrate) and two levels of compost (0 and 12 g kg^?1 soil of air-dried vermicompost). Among the four strains, AFA₁₄₆ was the most beneficial strain, as it increased leaf area, leaf potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) uptake and root N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Mn, and Zn. The combination of AFA₁₄₆ strain, compost and N fertilizer increased leaf uptake of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and B, and root uptake of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and copper (Cu), and root dry weight.  相似文献   

微生物肥料对植物生长的影响   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

王晖 《山西农业科学》2000,28(3):50-52

人工选育的植物有益细菌作为生物肥料 ,对植物生长量和体内有效营养积累有一定的影响。研究结果表明 ,固氮细菌、解磷细菌、解钾细菌对玉米生长都能起到促进作用 ,都能提高玉米体内有效营养的积累量和N ,P ,K元素的释放 ,其中固氮细菌释放增长率为N =16 5% ,P =10 8% ,K=8 3% ,解磷细菌释放增长率为N =19 4% ,P =58 7% ,K =6 6 % ,解钾细菌释放增长率为N =13 0 % ,P =2 1 6 % ,K =2 1 6 %。解磷细菌效果最为明显 ,解钾细菌次之  相似文献   

Application of Azotobacter enhances pond productivity and fish biomass in still water ponds     

S.K. Garg  Anita Bhatnagar  Neeru Narula 《Aquaculture International》1998,6(3):219-231

Two strains (derepressed-nitrogen fixing, Mac-27 and phosphate solubilizing, PS-21) of Azotobacter chroococcum were inoculated in fish culture ponds, singly and in combination with inorganic fertilizers (urea, single superphosphate–SSP). Physico-chemical parameters of pond waters, plankton production and fish biomass were studied. Inoculation of A. chroococcum (Mac-27) enhanced nitrogenase activity and rate of nitrogen fixation. A slight reduction in nitrogen fixation and nitrogenase activity was noticed when urea at 96 kg ha–1 y–1 was mixed with the biofertilizer (Mac-27). Inoculation of PS-21 enhanced phosphate solubilization, but Kjeldahl-nitrogen concentration values remained low in comparison with controls. On the other hand, inoculation of Azotobacter (either strain) enhanced the accumulation of ammonium-N, nitrite-N and nitrate-N. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration also took place when Azotobacter (both Mac-27 and PS-21) was inoculated in fish ponds. However, when used along with inorganic fertilizers, the reduction was not significant. The pH values were only slightly lowered when the phosphate-solubilizing strain (PS-21) of Azotobacter was inoculated. Inoculation of biofertilizer enhanced plankton production, net primary productivity and fish biomass. However, highest values in most of these parameters were noticed only in ponds that were treated with the higher doses of inorganic fertilizers (urea 192 kg and SSP 1500 kg ha–1 y–1). © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998  相似文献   

Productivity and Sustainability of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)–Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cropping System as Influenced by Prilled Urea, Farmyard Manure and Azotobacter     

A. Das  M. Prasad  Y. S. Shivay  K. M. Subha 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2004,190(5):298-304

Field experiments were conducted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, during 2001–2002 and 2002–2003, to study the effect of inorganic, organic and Azotobacter combined sources of N on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The results indicated considerable increase in yield attributes and mean seed cotton yield (2.33 Mg ha^?1) with the combined application of 30 kg N and farmyard manure (FYM) at 12 Mg ha^?1 along with Azotobacter (M₄). The treatment in cotton that included FYM, especially when fertilizer N was also applied could either improve or maintain the soil fertility status in terms of available N, P and K. Distinct increase in yield attributes and grain yield of wheat was observed with the residual effect of integrated application of 30 kg N ha^?1 + FYM at 12 Mg ha^?1 + Azotobacter. Direct application of 120 kg N ha^?1 resulted 67.4 and 17.7 % increase in mean grain yield of wheat over no N and 60 kg N ha^?1, respectively. Integrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizer is therefore, recommended for higher productivity and sustainability of the cotton–wheat system.  相似文献   

Evolution of humic substances from unripe compost during incubation with lignolytic or cellulolytic microorganisms and effects on the lettuce growth promotion mediated byAzotobacter chroococcum     

N. Requena  T. M. Baca  R. Azcón 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,24(1):59-65

Some recalcitrant organic wastes, which contain a large proportion of lignin or cellulose, are not changed much by composting, and thus the effectiveness of the compost as fertilizer is usua.lly low. In this study, incubation of unripe compost with ligno-cellulolytic microorganisms —Trichoderma viride orBacillus spp. — was investigated to increase the degree of humification of the organic matter present, and improve ils quality as a soil amendment. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses together with humification indices and electrofocusing patterns were used to monitor the evolution of the humic substances during the incubation process. Plant growth effects exerted by Azotobacter chroococcum on lettuce plants growing on the previously incubated compost were affected by the length of incubation and by changes in the composition of humic substances. Higher organic matter content and better humification seem to be important factors for predictingA. chroococcum hebaviour in the rhizosphere.  相似文献   

Increase in Growth,Productivity and Nutritional Status of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and enrichment in Soil Microbial Population Applied with Biofertilizers Entrapped with Organic Matrix     

Manoj Kumar  Kuldeep Bauddh  Manish Sainger  Poonam Ahlawat Sainger 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(2):260-276

To find effective alternatives to reduce the application of conventional urea (CU), a conventional biofertilizer (CB) preparation (charcoal mixed Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus subtilis) and the same biofertilizers entrapped in an organic matrix consisting of cow dung, rice bran, dried powder of neem leaves, and clay soil in 1:1:1:1 ratio and 25% (w/w) saresh (plant gum of Acacia sp.), named as super granules of biofertilizers (SGBF) were applied to cultivate wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘WH-711’) in experimental plots. The results revealed that the efficacy of commercially available charcoal mixed biofertilizers could not prove as effective alternative to CU, whereas the same dose of biofertilizers entrapped in the organic matrix, SGBF, resulted in a significant increase in growth and productivity of wheat. It appears that SGBF prepared and applied in this study is an effective organic alternative to the urea for wheat cultivation in semi-arid subtropical agro-ecosystems.  相似文献   

土壤中固氮菌对农药抗性的研究     

乔秀丽  迟彩霞 《安徽农业科学》2015,(9):129-130,132

[目的]了解自生固氮菌对不同农药的抗性。[方法]根据固氮菌自身的特点,应用无氮培养基分离自生固氮菌获得纯种的自生固氮菌;通过抑菌圈试验及分光光度计测定其吸光值研究了草甘膦异丙胺盐、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、咪锰·多菌灵3种常用农药对自生固氮菌生长的影响。[结果]草甘膦异丙胺盐对自生固氮菌生长有促进作用;甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对自生固氮菌有较小的抑制作用,并且该农药自身不稳定,易被分解;咪锰·多菌灵对固氮菌有强烈抑制作用。[结论]试验结果为田间正确使用农药提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Interactions amongst Mycorrhiza,Azotobacter chroococcum and Root Characteristics of Wheat Varieties     

R. K. Behl  H. Sharma  V. Kumar  N. Narula 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2003,189(3):151-155

A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications over 2 years to evaluate the effect of wheat cultivar and dual inoculation of Azotobacter chroococcum (Azc) and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF, Glomus fasciculatum) on root characters and AMF infection in three crosses of wheat. The experimental material comprised four wheat parents, WH‐147, WH‐157, WH‐542 and PBW‐175, and three F₁ crosses, WH‐147 ×WH‐157, WH‐147 × WH‐542 and WH‐147 × PBW‐175. Comparison of treatment averages, i.e. control (mineral nutrients 60 kg N + 30 kg P₂O₅ + 12.5 kg ZnSO₄ ha^?1, as in other two treatments), AMF and AMF + Azc, revealed that inoculation of Azc led to an increase in AMF infection in roots. Maximum root biomass was obtained in F₁ hybrids WH‐147 × WH‐157 in the AMF treatment and in WH‐147 × PBW‐175 receiving AMF + Azc. Total root length and AMF infection of roots was maximum in WH‐147 × PBW‐175 for all the treatments during both years. A positive association between AMF infection in roots and Azotobacter survival in the rhizosphere was apparent. Similarly, maximum A. chroococcum counts were observed 80 and 120 days after sowing in the AMF + Azc treatment in cross WH147 × PBW175.  相似文献   

圆褐固氮菌对春小麦产量和氮肥利用效率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢秉林  王文丽  李娟  车宗贤 《核农学报》2010,24(3):599-604

利用盆栽和田间试验,探讨了圆褐固氮菌Azotobacter chroococcum beijerinckN45及用其研制的生物氮肥对春小麦产量和氮肥利用效率的影响,旨在为生物氮肥的研制及其与化学氮肥的最佳配比用量提供理论依据。结果表明,盆栽试验中供试菌株N45具有对春小麦的增产作用和对氮肥利用效率的促进作用。将其研制为生物氮肥后,其效果在田间得到了很好的再现,盆栽与田间试验均是与半量化学氮肥配施效果最佳,相比同量化肥处理分别提高春小麦秸秆产量12.70%和16.34%;籽粒产量15.31%和11.77%;氮素收获指数0.68%和0.13%;氮肥农学利用率30.37%和59.39%;氮素吸收利用率26.53%和88.66%;氮肥偏生产力15.27%和11.77%;氮肥生理利用率12.24%和35.24%,同时还能够提高秸秆和籽粒中全氮、全磷和全钾的累积量。  相似文献   

圆褐固氮菌、巨大芽孢杆菌复合菌肥的制作及应用效果     

姜明 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(28):15705-15706

[目的]研究复合菌肥对作物的效果。[方法]用圆褐固氮菌和巨大芽胞杆菌进行混合培养,其液体培养物制成2.4×109个/ml菌液,将原菌液分别稀释成3×108、6×108、9×108、1.2×109个/ml4个浓度。与清水对照,比较其对玉米生长的影响。同时,制备以圆褐固氮菌和巨大芽孢杆菌为单一菌种的单一菌剂,浓度为3×108个/ml,与等量等浓度的菌种混合培养物的菌肥对比,观察玉米生长情况。[结果]混合菌肥对植物的促进作用比单一菌肥明显。在混合菌肥的4种比例中,浓度为9×108个/ml剂量对玉米株高、干重、根长的促进效果最显著。[结论]微生物菌剂的使用可以为作物的进一步高产稳产打下基础。  相似文献