Considering the preferences for nitrogen forms by invasive plants: a case study from a hydroponic culture experiment     

W‐B Chen  B‐M Chen 《Weed Research》2019,59(1):49-57

Although preference for NH₄⁺, NO₃^? or a combination of the two often differs among species, we know little about the responses of invasive plants to different inorganic N forms. Furthermore, many studies have suggested that an increase in N availability may facilitate further invasions. However, most of these studies predicted the positive feedback without considering the preference for N forms of invasive plants. Therefore, we cultivated four common invasive species (Mikania micrantha, Ipomoea cairica, Wedelia trilobata and Bidens pilosa) in South China with hydroponic media containing different forms of N (i.e. NO₃^?, NH₄NO₃ and NH₄⁺) at equimolar concentrations. Our results showed that the N forms significantly affected the growth, biomass allocation and physiological traits of the plants. All four invasive plants supplied with NO₃^? alone had better performance and greater allocation to root biomass than did plants that were supplied with NH₄⁺ alone. Moreover, the photosynthetic rate, pigment content and photosystem II activity of plants supplied with NO₃^? or NH₄NO₃ were significantly higher than those of plants supplied with NH₄⁺alone. The results suggested that all four invasive plants preferred NO₃^? rather than NH₄⁺, and changes in NO₃^? played an important role in furthering the invasions of these plants than did changes in NH₄⁺. Our results implied that decreasing NO₃^? may be a useful tool for controlling and managing invasive plants preferring NO₃^?. In addition, this study highlighted the importance of considering plant N form preference to better understand plant invasions.  相似文献   

三叶鬼针草水抽提物他感作用与降雨量的关系   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

曾任森  骆世明 《华南农业大学学报》1995,16(4):69-72

测定一年中不同月份采集的三叶鬼针草叶片的水抽提物对萝卜、水稻、黄瓜３种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，不同时间三叶鬼针草水抽提物的他感作用有显著差异，不同月份水抽提物对３种受体幼苗根生长的抑制与采集抽提材料前一个月的降雨量有显著的负相关关系，降雨量少，抑制作用强；降雨量多，抑制作用弱。  相似文献   

栾树叶片浸提液对4种草坪草幼苗生长的化感作用     

王学瑞  张霞  贾茸茸  薛敬荣  李海云 《安徽农业科学》2016,44(14):84-86

[目的]比较栾树叶片浸提液对4种草坪草幼苗生长的化感作用,为栾树在园林中的合理配置提供理论和实践依据。[方法]采用盆栽试验,研究不同浓度(12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0 mg/m L)的全缘叶栾树(Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch.var.integrifoliola(Merr.)T.Chen)叶片浸提液对高羊茅、白三叶、多年生黑麦草和剪股颖4种草坪草幼苗生长的化感作用。[结果]栾树叶片浸提液抑制剪股颖幼苗的生长,且抑制效应随浸提液浓度的升高而增强;对黑麦草呈现低浓度(≤50.0 mg/m L)促进、高浓度(100.0 mg/m L)抑制的双重效应;对高羊茅和白三叶没有明显化感作用。[结论]栾树叶片浸提液对4种草坪草幼苗存在不同的化感效应,与草坪草搭配种植时应优先选择黑麦草,其次是高羊茅和白三叶。  相似文献   

三叶鬼针草和黑心菊根系分泌物对井栏边草配子体叶绿素荧光特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张开梅  沈羽  刘颖  刘俊华  方炎明 《湖北农业科学》2014,53(20):4861-4864,4911

研究了入侵植物三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)和非入侵植物黑心菊(Rudbeckia hirta)的根系分泌物对三叶鬼针草入侵和潜在扩散区代表蕨类植物井栏边草(Pteris multifida)配子体叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,除非光化学荧光淬灭系数外,三叶鬼针草和黑心菊均可降低井栏边草其他叶绿素荧光参数.这种抑制作用随2种植物根系分泌物浓度升高而增强.处理第十天,抑制效果最明显.当三叶鬼针草和黑心菊根系分泌物浓度高于12.5％时,在处理4～10d后,配子体各叶绿素荧光参数均受到显著影响.综上所述,三叶鬼针草和黑心菊对井栏边草配子体光合能力均可产生抑制作用,且三叶鬼针草抑制作用更强.  相似文献   

38种植物甲醇提取物除草活性的测定     

吴娇  刘博  邝芷琪  周利娟 《江西农业大学学报》2016,(3)

采用拟南芥的竖直培养皿法,以根长抑制率为指标,进行了38种甲醇提取物除草活性的初步测定。挑选出了其中活性较好的16种植物甲醇提取物,采用小杯法,以根长、茎长和鲜质量作为指标,测定它们对三叶鬼针草的除草活性。结果表明:供试植物中有5种植物甲醇提取物对三叶鬼针草的活性显著,根长、茎长和鲜质量的IC50值均小于1 000μg/m L,它们分别是:竹节草[Chrysopogon aciculatus(Retz.)]、地胆草(Elephantopus scaber L.)、牡蒿(Artemisia japonica Thumb)、金钱松[Pesudolarix kaempferi(Lindl.)Gord]、猫儿刺(Ilex pernyi Franch)。其中,竹节草甲醇提取物对三叶鬼针草根长、茎长和鲜质量的IC50值分别是489.38,558.88,652.38μg/m L,地胆草甲醇提取物对三叶鬼针草根长、茎长和鲜质量的IC5 0值分别是643.76,347.56,611.48μg/m L。  相似文献   

滇杨枯落叶和林下土壤的化感潜力1）     

王有兵  严毅  王亚婷  李子光  周庆宏  袁思安  何承忠 《东北林业大学学报》2015,(1):96-99

采用生物测定法,对滇杨枯落叶和林下土壤的化感潜力进行了研究。结果表明：滇杨枯落叶浸出液会延缓三叶鬼针草种子萌发,抑制胚芽生长,在2．5％的处理质量分数下,对胚根的生长具有抑制作用,化感效应敏感指数RI＝－0．22。对株高和生物量的抑制作用,随着浇灌枯落叶浸出液质量分数及添加枯落叶粉比例的增加而增强,质量分数为2．5％时,株高的RI＝－0．17,生物量的RI＝－0．54。在添加80％枯落叶粉的处理下,株高的RI＝－0．54,生物量的RI＝－0．67,生物量的化感效应敏感程度高于株高。滇杨林下土壤对三叶鬼针草生长无化感抑制作用,均表现为化感促进作用,＞2～10 cm深的土壤促进作用最强,株高和生物量的化感效应敏感指数分别为0．57、0．73。  相似文献   

Herbicidal and fungicidal activities and identification of potential phytotoxins from Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Scherff     

FARAH DEBA  TRAN DANG XUAN  MASAAKI YASUDA  SHINKICHI TAWATA 《Weed Biology and Management》2007,7(2):77-83

This study was carried out to examine the possibility of utilizing Bidens pilosa , a weed widely distributed in the subtropics and the tropics, for weed and plant fungus control. The extract of B. pilosa shows strong phytotoxic action against the growth of Raphanus sativus and Echinochloa crus-galli and antifungal activity against phytopathogens in bioassays. The extract of the roots exhibited plant growth inhibitory activity more than those of the leaves and stems. Fifteen phenolic compounds, including pyrocatechin, salicylic acid, p -vinylguaiacol, dimethoxyphenol, eugenol, 4-ethyl-1,2-benzenediol, iso- vanillin, 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde, vanillin, vanillic acid, p -hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, p -coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Caffeic acid was in the highest amount among the detected substances. Dimethoxyphenol and vanillic acid were found only in the roots of B. pilosa . Ferulic acid and p -hydroxybenzoic acid were higher in the roots than in the leaves and stems. These identified constituents might be responsible for the phytotoxic and fungitoxic activities of B. pilosa.  相似文献   

对几种寄主树种放养4号胶虫的研究     

陈玉培 《西部林业科学》2000,(1):44-46

目前我国被发现或被利用于优良紫胶虫种4号胶虫(Kerria lacca)的优良寄主植物种类较少，制约了我国优质紫胶的发展。对苏门答腊金合欢(Acacia montana var. Sumatorana.)、光叶合欢(Albizia meyeri)、复羽叶栾树(Koelreuteria bipinnata)的放养胶虫试验结果表明，这3种树种可以作为4号胶虫的良好寄主予以利用或推广。  相似文献   

黄山栾树叶中具有清除自由基活性物质的分离和制备   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陆瑞利  胡丰林  丁晓娟  钟石  桂琳  万水霞 《安徽农业大学学报》2004,31(2):207-211

在一次大规模的植物提取物清除自由基活性物质筛选中,发现黄山栾树(Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch.var.integrifoliola(Morr.)T Chen)鲜叶的甲醇提取物具有很强的清除DPPH有机自由基的活性,其IC50为46.37μg·mL-1.用甲醇成功地提取出该活性成分,同时用色谱等方法对该活性成分进行了分离和制备,并用高效液相色谱法和DPPH薄层试验对其纯度及活性进行了检验,得到了一个清除自由基活性很强的纯化合物.该化合物对1 mmol·L-1DPPH自由基的IC50为23.84μg·mL-1,其清除自由基活性高于抗坏血酸纯品.  相似文献   

鬼针草90%醇提物对U14荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯涛  李青旺  李健  刘智华 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(4):1037-1038

以U14细胞株接种小鼠制成荷瘤模型,研究鬼针草90%醇提物对荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤效应.结果表明,90%鬼针草醇提物通过提高机体免疫力抑制小鼠肿瘤生长.  相似文献