Combined effect of generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compounds andTrichoderma harzianum on the control of postharvest diseases of rambutan     

D. Sivakumar  R. S. Wilson Wijeratnam  M. Abeyesekere  R. L. C. Wijesundera 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(1):43-51

Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andGliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum are the causal fungi of the rambutan postharvest diseases stem-end rot, anthracnose and brown spot, respectively. Two different treatments of rambutan fruits(Nephelium lappaceum) against the three pathogens were compared: potassium metabisulphite (250 ppm) or cinnamaldehyde (30 ppm), each combined withTrichoderma harzianum (TrH 40). The application of TrH 40 and potassium metabisulphite effectively controlled the incidence and severity of the three postharvest diseases and maintained the overall quality and color of the fruit under low temperature storage at 13.5°C and 95% r.h. for 18 days. The greatest effect of this treatment was shown onG. microchlamydosporum. Cinnamaldehyde affected the growth and germination of TrH 40, whereas potassium metabisulphite did not. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 4, 2001.  相似文献   

可可毛色二孢全基因组分泌蛋白的预测及分析     

邢启凯  李铃仙  曹阳  张玮  彭军波  燕继晔  李兴红 《中国农业科学》2020,53(24):5027-5038

【目的】可可毛色二孢（Lasiodiplodia theobromae）是一种世界性分布的重要植物病原真菌,可引起严重的葡萄溃疡病（Botryosphaeria dieback）,影响果木品质并造成巨大的经济损失。本研究预测并分析可可毛色二孢基因组范围内的分泌蛋白,并明确其基本特征,为该病菌分泌蛋白致病机理的研究打下基础。【方法】依据已公布的可可毛色二孢全基因组序列,利用信号肽预测软件SignalP v5.0、跨膜结构分析软件TMHMM v2.0、细胞器定位分析软件ProtComp v9.0、GPI锚定预测软件big-PI Fungal Predictor和亚细胞器定位分析软件TargetP v2.0生物信息学软件对该菌中的典型分泌蛋白进行筛选。对分泌蛋白N端信号肽的长度、氨基酸使用频率及其切割位点进行统计分析。依据蛋白序列的同源性,应用BLASTP程序对分泌组蛋白进行功能注释分析,预测其生物学功能。采用蔗糖酶缺陷的酵母分泌系统,对所选分泌蛋白的信号肽进行活性检测。利用qRT-PCR方法检测所选分泌蛋白基因在可可毛色二孢侵染葡萄中的表达情况。【结果】在可可毛色二孢全基因组编码蛋白中共筛选获得552个潜在的具有典型信号肽的分泌蛋白,占全基因组预测蛋白总数的4.3%,其编码蛋白长度集中于101—400 aa。信号肽统计分析表明,其信号肽长度以18—20 aa的序列最为集中,信号肽长度为20 aa的蛋白数量最多。信号肽中使用频率最高的氨基酸为丙氨酸;非极性、疏水的氨基酸使用频率最高,占氨基酸总数的60.2%。其信号肽的-3至-1位置上的氨基酸相对保守,切割位点属于A-X-A类型,可被Sp I型信号肽酶识别并切割。336个分泌蛋白具有功能注释,其功能较多集中于细胞壁降解有关的酶类以及致病相关蛋白,并且这些蛋白在分子量、等电点、脂肪族氨基酸指数等方面均存在差异。通过蔗糖酶缺陷的酵母分泌系统证实,挑选的9个分泌蛋白信号肽均具有分泌活性。qRT-PCR检测结果表明,所选分泌蛋白基因在该病菌侵染初期的表达发生变化。【结论】利用生物信息学分析技术从可可毛色二孢全基因组中共预测获得552个经典分泌蛋白。其信号肽氨基酸长度分布广泛,氨基酸组成中非极性、疏水的氨基酸使用频率最高。功能注释主要集中在细胞壁组分降解相关的酶类、致病侵染相关的坏死诱导相关蛋白以及几丁质结合蛋白等。  相似文献   

高良姜叶枯病病原菌的分离和鉴定     

陈旭玉  甘炳春  冯锦东 《安徽农业科学》2014,(16):5031-5032

[目的]明确高良姜叶枯病病原菌.[方法]病原菌从高良姜感病组织上分离并依据柯赫氏法则进行致病性测定,病原菌的鉴定主要通过形态鉴定和ITS序列分析.[结果]高良姜叶枯病病原菌确定为可可毛色二孢（Lasiodiplodia theobromae）,属子囊菌门（Ascomycota）,座囊菌纲（Dothideomycetes）,葡萄座腔菌目（Botryosphaeriales）,葡萄座腔菌科（Botryosphaeriaceae）,毛色二孢属（Lasiodiplodia）.[结论]首次报道高良姜叶枯病病原菌为可可毛色二孢.  相似文献   

Effect of GRAS compounds on mycelial growth, pectic enzyme activity and disease severity of postharvest pathogens on rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum)     

D. Sivakumar  R. S. Wilson Wijeratnam  R. L. C. Wijesundera 《Phytoparasitica》2001,29(2):135-141

The GRAS compounds cinnamaldehyde (at 30 ppm), acetaldehyde (at 70 ppm), benzalde-hyde (at 50 ppm) and potassium metabisulphite (at 250 ppm) either completely inhibited or significantly reduced thein vitro mycelial growth ofGliocephalotrichum microchlamydosponim,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andBotryodiplodia theobromae, the causative fungi of brown spot, anthracnose and stem end rot, respectively, of rambutan fruits,Nephelium lappaceum. The four compounds also significantly reduced the severity of all three diseases and the activity of pectic lyase and polygalacturonase enzymes secreted by the three fungi.  相似文献   

芒果蒂腐病菌对芒果采后乙烯释放和ACC含量的影响     

高兆银  胡美姣  李敏  杨凤珍 《热带作物学报》2010,31(10):1785-1789

测定芒果蒂腐病菌(Botryodiplodia theobromae)对芒果果实乙烯代谢的影响,结果表明:B.theobromae在芒果果肉培养基上不产生乙烯,但是B.theobromae代谢活动能诱导芒果果肉中产生大量的1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC),导致芒果快速释放乙烯,随着发病程度增加和贮藏期延长,乙烯释放速率快速增加。高浓度乙烯使芒果果肉快速软化,在25℃条件下,果实在发病后3～5 d就完全腐烂。  相似文献   

Identification of levels of resistance to cassava root rot disease (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Botryodiplodia theobromae</Emphasis>) in African landraces and improved germplasm using <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> inoculation method     

T.?J.?OnyekaEmail author  A.?G.?O.?Dixon  E.?J.?A.?Ekpo 《Euphytica》2005,145(3):281-288

Cassava root rot disease is an increasing problem in Africa where yield losses of about 80% have been recorded. We evaluated 290 African landraces and 306 improved genotypes from the germplasm collections of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), for sources of resistance using root slice laboratory assay. Disease severity was assessed quantitatively by direct percentage estimation (PS) and by use of a rating scale (RS). Both methods of assessment were compared for identification of variability in the germplasm, and genotypes were classified into response groups using an enlarged rank-sum method that combined the PS and RS assessments. The two scoring methods revealed continuous variation (P < 0.001) for resistance in the sets of germplasm. Disease assessments based on PS and RS were highly correlated in both the improved germplasm (r = 0.75) and the landraces (r = 0.72). Based on PS assessment, 50 improved genotypes (16.3%) and 53 landraces (18.3%) showed significantly lower disease scores than the resistant control. The rank-sum method separated each set of collections into highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible and highly susceptible groups. Fifty-nine improved genotypes (16.4%) and 61 African landraces (16.9%) were identified as either highly resistant or resistant. Generally, these genotypes exhibited resistance by limiting the growth of the pathogen (reduced amount of invaded surface area). This type of rate-reducing resistance is highly heritable and a quantitative trait which can be harnessed in breeding. Genotypes subsets were identified for further studies into the genetic basis of resistance to root rot disease.  相似文献   

湿地松色二孢菌和可可球二孢菌根腐病研究     

钟小平  梁子超 《华南农业大学学报》1990,11(1):43-49

松树根腐病在我国首次发现于雷州半岛10年生左右的湿地松林分。病原菌被鉴定为松色二孢菌Diplodia pinea,另外还发现可可球二孢菌Botryodiplodia theobromae不侵染马尾松,但对湿地松、火炬松和加勒比松也是一种病原菌。 松色二孢菌在林间土病根内以菌丝体方式可存活150天以上,在室内5～50％含水量自然土中,菌丝体和分生孢子可存活120天以上。 松色二孢菌在含水量为40％的湿地松离体根内扩展较快.在含水量为50～70％的离体根内扩展较慢。不论接种前或接种后调节土壤的含水量,一年生松苗的死亡率在含水量为50％土壤中较低,在含水量为5～25％土壤中较高。苗木要经过约20天的干旱影响后,才显示出较易受病菌的侵染。  相似文献   

腔孢纲的几个新记录和新寄主   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹以勤  鞠里红  陆家云 《南京农业大学学报》1989,(3)

本文记述了腔孢纲(Coelomycetes)的2个新记录、新寄主和另1个新寄主:月季叶片上的球果状双毛壳孢(Discosia strobilina Lib.)和栗生壳座月孢[Coniella castaneicola(Ellis et EV.)Sutton]新记录,月季为这两种菌的新寄主;鹅观草叶片上的可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia theobromae(Pat.)Griff etMaubl.],鹅现草是此菌的新寄主。  相似文献   

龙眼果实潜伏性病原真菌的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张居念  林河通  谢联辉  林奇英  王宗华 《热带作物学报》2006,27(4):78-82

采用快速、简便的果肉分离法，从健康龙眼果实中分离潜伏侵染的真菌。经形态和致病性鉴定，2个分离频率较高的潜伏侵染真菌为龙眼拟茎点霉[Phomopsis longanae Chi]和可可毛色二孢[Lasiodiplodia theobromae（Pat．）Griff．＆ Maubl．]；不同发育阶段的龙眼果实分离结果表明，龙眼拟茎点霉在花期RH可侵染，而可可毛色二孢主要在龙眼果实膨大期侵染。研究结果为制定龙眼果实采后病害综合防治策略提供依据。  相似文献   

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定     

任亚峰  包兴涛  李冬雪  王勇  王德炉  宋宝安  陈卓 《植物病理学报》1955,49(6):857-861

The tea leaf disease, which led to a large loss of production and decrease of quality, was found in the tea region in Huishui county, Guizhou province. Some strains were isolated from the diseased samples, and the representative strains fulfilled Koch’s postulate. Then the isolates were further identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) regions. The results showed that the pathogen of the leaf disease occurred in Huishui county, Guizhou province was L. theobromae.  相似文献