夏谷新品种豫谷6号的选育     

孟昭桂  焦新海 《河南农业科学》1996,(6):11-12

豫谷６号是应用有性杂交技术，经连续南繁、温室加代选择育成的夏谷新品种。具有高产稳产、高抗倒伏、高度抗旱、综合抗病力强等优良特性，适宜中等以上肥力水、旱地种植。  相似文献   

应用种间杂交方法进行谷子抗除草剂育种的初步研究     

马金丰 《黑龙江农业科学》2005,(2):18-20

野生青狗尾草与中国栽培谷子进行杂交,并用浸有氟特力溶液的小培养皿进行发芽试验,快速鉴别F2代的抗除草剂性能。抗性被隐性基因控制,但更确切的结果有待进一步试验。氟特力不同用药量的选择试验表明,对氟特力抗性与敏感不同的谷子品种在 0~2.4 L/hm2 的处理表现不同,抗型品种的抗性大约是敏感型抗性的5倍。为我们选育谷子抗性新品种提供了依据。  相似文献   

长杂2号在襄垣县的表现与高产栽培技术   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

郭晋襄  李会霞  田岗 《山西农业科学》2011,39(11):1174-1176

对优质、高产谷子杂交种长杂2号的特征特性及其在襄垣地区的表现进行了分析,结果表明,该杂交种丰产、稳产、抗逆性强。针对其特点提出了相应的优质高产栽培措施:适时播种、适时喷除草剂并间苗、公顷留苗不应超过30万株、综合防治病虫害、及时抢收,为该品种大面积种植提供技术指导。  相似文献   

中国不同品种谷子抗性淀粉分布规律   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘敬科  刘莹莹  相金英  赵巍  程汝宏  张玉宗 《湖北农业科学》2015,54(3):523-526

抗性淀粉是谷子中的重要功能成分。对来自中国4个生态区10个省份216个谷子品种抗性淀粉含量进行分析。结果表明,中国谷子地方品种抗性淀粉平均值为2.43%,含量变幅为0.00%~6.74%,变异系数为50.26%,呈偏正态分布;不同生态区谷子抗性淀粉含量从高到低依次为内蒙古高原、华北平原、东北平原、黄土高原,且内蒙古高原和黄土高原之间差异显著(P0.05);不同省份抗性淀粉含量存在一定差异,其中黑龙江谷子抗性淀粉含量显著高于内蒙古和甘肃(P0.05),其他省份间差异不大;不同省份谷子(黑龙江除外)和不同生态区品种谷子抗性淀粉含量以2.00%~4.00%为主。  相似文献   

糜子的小孢子发生与花粉发育   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张满贵  张满在 《华北农学报》1990,(4)

观察结果表明,糜子小孢子发生与花粉发育的细胞学过程,与稻麦等禾本科作物相似:减数分裂属顺序型,一般形成等面形四分体;也观察到线形、T形及各种倾斜形的四分体;小孢子经两次有丝分裂发育成三核型花粉粒;成熟的花粉粒为球形,具一个萌发孔,直径48(45～52)μm.花粉发育过程中,生殖细胞的运动、淀粉积累时期及花粉粒体积增大动态的观察结果与一些报道不同.糜子的小孢子发生和花粉发育与花药长度存在密切关系,而花药长度随时间呈S形增长方式.本文利用上述关系求得小孢子发生与花粉发育各阶段的经历时间.  相似文献   

谷子株高及穗部性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析     

郭淑青  宋慧  杨清华  高金锋  高小丽  冯佰利  杨璞 《中国农业科学》2021,54(24):5177-5193

【目的】株高和穗部性状是影响谷子产量的关键性状。探究谷子株高及穗部性状表型变异的遗传规律,为相关性状的遗传改良与基因定位提供参考依据。【方法】以谷子优质品种豫谷18为共同父本,分别与黄软谷和红酒谷杂交,构建2个分别包含250个家系的重组自交系F₇群体（YYRIL和YRRIL）。采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,对YYRIL和YRRIL群体在2个环境下的株高、穗长、穗下节间长、穗码数、穗粒重等5个农艺性状的表型数据进行遗传分析。【结果】5个性状在所有环境中均表现连续变异且存在超亲分离现象,峰度和偏度绝对值小于1,近似正态分布,呈现数量性状的典型遗传特点。性状间相关性分析表明株高与穗长、穗下节间长在所有环境中均呈极显著正相关,穗码数与穗粒重呈极显著正相关。遗传模型分析显示YYRIL和YRRIL群体株高的最适遗传模型分别为PG-AI和PG-A多基因模型,多基因遗传率分别为95.15%和91.27%。2个群体穗码数的最适模型均为PG-AI,多基因遗传率为70.07%—71.58%。穗下节间长在2个群体的最适遗传模型分别为4MG-CEA和3MG-CEA,均为等加性主基因模型。穗下节间长在YYRIL群体的主基因遗传率为9.69%,4对主基因加性效应值相等,均为-0.34,具有负向效应;穗下节间长在YRRIL群体的主基因遗传率为45.78%,3对主基因加性效应值相等,均为1.17,具有正向效应。穗长在YYRIL群体的最适模型为MX2-ED-A,即2对显性上位主基因+加性多基因模型,主基因遗传率为43.56%,多基因遗传率为50.56%。控制穗长的2对主基因加性效应值分别为-1.21、1.68,多基因加性效应较小,为-0.0017;穗长在YRRIL群体的最适模型为MX2-AE-A,即2对累加作用主基因,加性多基因混合遗传模型;穗长的主基因遗传率为46.40%,多基因遗传率为46.91%。控制穗长的第1对主基因加性效应值为1.53,具有正向效应,第1对主基因加性×第2对主基因加性上位性互作效应值是0.60,多基因加性效应值为-0.47,表现为较低的负向遗传效应。穗粒重在YYRIL群体的最适遗传模型为MX2-ED-A;符合2对显性上位主基因+加性多基因模型,主基因遗传率为69.09%,多基因遗传率为12.08%;控制穗粒重的2对主基因加性效应值分别为0.58、5.82,以第2对主基因的加性效应为主,多基因加性效应值为-3.81。穗粒重在YRRIL群体的最适遗传模型为3MG-PEA,即3对部分等加性主基因遗传模型;穗粒重的主基因遗传率为81.10%,3对主基因加性效应值分别为-2.68、-2.68和2.66,前2对主基因的加性效应值相同,且均为负向效应。【结论】谷子株高、穗码数的最适遗传模型相似,均服从多基因遗传,遗传率较高,受环境影响较小;穗下节间长的遗传受主基因控制,主基因遗传率偏低,受环境影响较大,在栽培中应充分考虑环境因素;穗长遗传受主基因和多基因共同控制;穗粒重在2个群体均服从主基因遗传,主基因遗传率较高,可能存在主效QTL。  相似文献   

A minute P application contributes to a better establishment of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) seedling in P deficient soils     

R. Valluru    V. Vadez    C. T. Hash  & P. Karanam 《Soil Use and Management》2010,26(1):36-43

Many soils of the semi-arid tropics are deficient in P, and under such adverse conditions, the establishment of pearl millet seedlings is a critical step to achieve satisfactory crop stands. Phosphorus fertilizer is expensive for small holder farmers and is only applied at low rates, insufficient to give satisfactory crop stands. Methods are needed to enhance productivity at low rates of application. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a minute application of P at early seedling stage, equivalent to 125–500 g P/ha, would enhance the plant establishment under P-limiting conditions. We measured the minimum application of P needed to elicit a response of different genotypes. Pot experiments were conducted with pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) hybrids to measure the response to P placed close to the root system, 5 days after sowing (DAS), compared with a non-limiting P control (DAP). The placement treatments were 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 mg soluble P per seedling, applied as KH₂PO₄ solution. The localized placement of P increased biomass in all three soils tested. In one soil, plant biomass at 1000 μL (1 mg P) reached about 50% of the non limited control. If applied later than 19 DAS the placement had no effect on the plant biomass. Hybrid ICMP 451-P8 was more responsive than hybrid 81B-P6. Placement to 20 inbred lines of pearl millet increased biomass by an average of 105% compared with no placement with large genotypic variation. Although this work was not intended to be a way of applying P fertilizer to pearl millet under field conditions, it showed that applying minute amount of P to pearl millet seedling (equivalent to 125–500 g P/ha) enhanced their establishment and led to improved growth for at least 5–6 weeks after sowing. Further work is in progress to develop a feasible technology for field crops based on the results of this study.  相似文献   

Pearl Millet Phenology and Growth in Relation to Thermal Time under Arid Environment     

R. S. Singh  N. L. Joshi  H. P. Singh 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,180(2):83-91

Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.R.Br.) hybrid MH 179 was grown under two moisture regimes viz., optimal moisture and rainfed conditions. The field experiment was continued for three consecutive rainy seasons to quantify the pearl millet development with thermal time. The possible influence of variation in natural sowing date on the relationships between crop development and thermal time have been described. At cardinal temperatures of 10°C (base temperature below which pearl millet development ceases), 33°C (optimal temperature for development) and 45°C (maximum temperature at and above which no development takes place), the crop required 1490–1794°Cd thermal time to reach physiological maturity. The thermal time requirement for different developmental stages was influenced by the sowing time and moisture availability during the growing season of the crop.
The leaf tip appearance on the main shoot of pearl millet in relation to thermal time was almost linear under both moisture conditions requiring about 44–50°Cd ± 2.6 °Cd leaf⁻¹, till the appearance of the flag (last) leaf. However, leaf tip appearance on primary tillers was slightly slower and required 53-58°Cd ± 4.7°Cd for each new leaf. Appearance of first primary tiller was later (at 320°Cd after emergence) under the rainfed condition as compared to the crop under the optimal moisture (at 250°Cd).Thereafter, the tiller appearance in relation to thermal time under both moisture conditions was at a linear rate of about 53-56°Cd ± 9.5°Cd tiller⁻¹.
Effect of microclimatic variations, canopy temperature, radiation and photoperiod on the phenology-thermal time relationships have been discussed under both the moisture conditions.  相似文献   

不同肥料配比对糜子产量和品质的调控效应          下载免费PDF全文

王君杰  陈凌  田翔  乔治军 《西北农业学报》2024,(1):48-58

为探明不同施肥方式对糜子营养品质、食味品质和产量的影响，于2019年在山西河曲进行试验，以河曲大红糜子为材料，选用不同配比的有机肥（羊粪）、生物菌肥、尿素和复合肥，研究不同施肥配比对糜子品质和产量的影响。结果表明：不同肥料配比对糜子产量和品质性状显著影响，复合肥和有机肥（F+Y）配施显著提高糜子籽粒产量（GY）、净光合速率（P_n）、钙（Ca）和铁（Fe）含量，显著减低直链淀粉含量（AC）；相关性分析发现，籽粒产量（GY）和净光合速率（P_n）呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0.82，镁（Mg）与铁（Fe）呈极显著正相关，值为0.68，直链淀粉含量（AC）与醇溶蛋白含量（Gli）、钙（Ca）达到极显著负相关，值分别为-0.66和 -0.50；主成分分析发现，糜子各性状指标分为4个主成分，分别代表糜子食味品质、营养品质、产量指标和蛋白营养品质，综合得分以复合肥和有机肥（F+Y）处理最高，并显著高于其他处理。综上所述，复合肥（187.5 kg·hm^-2）与有机肥（1.5×10 kg·hm^-2）配施是糜子获得优质高产的主要施肥方式。  相似文献   

谷子种质资源萌发期抗旱性综合评价及抗旱指标筛选     

樊瑀  董淑琦  原向阳  杨雪萍  姚翔  郭平毅  杨雪芳 《中国农业大学学报》2022,27(6):42-54

为探究适宜的谷子抗旱性评价方法,以35个谷子品种为材料,设置0.03 mol/L PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫以及正常浇水2个处理,采用频次分析和相关性分析比较了9个与谷子萌发期抗旱性相关的指标,依据隶属函数求出最适宜的综合抗旱性鉴定标准,并以此为依据对所选品种进行聚类并划分抗旱等级。结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,受试品种谷子的发芽势、发芽率、萌发指数、根干重、根鲜重、芽干重、芽鲜重、芽长和根长均受到不同程度的抑制,干旱对发芽势的影响最大;除萌发系数以外发芽势与其余各指标均呈显著或极显著相关,通过因子分析将9个单项性状指标转化为4个因子,累计贡献率达86.74%。通过隶属函数结合聚类分析将35个谷子品种的抗旱性划分为4级,其中强抗旱型品种7个、中度抗旱型品种15个、干旱敏感型品种9个和干旱极敏感型品种4个。通过回归分析建立了可准确评估谷子萌发期抗旱性的回归方程y=-0.187+0.554x_RBDW+0.550x_RRL+0.264x_RRFW,筛选出相对根鲜重、相对芽干重和相对根长作为谷子萌发期抗旱性鉴定的重要指标。干旱胁迫下,可通过测定这3个指标对不同品种谷子萌发期的耐旱性进行快速准确的鉴定及评价。  相似文献