Suspected levamisole intoxication in calves     

KR Müller  C Dwyer 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(4):257-260

CASE HISTORY: A group of 32 Friesian and four Hereford calves, 3–4 months old with body weights between 100–120?kg, were purchased from a weaner sale. On arrival at the property the Hereford calves were treated with a combination anthelmintic containing 2?g/L abamectin and 80?g/L levamisole hydrochloride. Shortly afterwards they developed tremors and frothing from the mouth, and two died overnight. The Friesian calves were treated with the same anthelmintic on the following day, when some showed hypersalivation and frothing from the mouth.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Examination of the three most severely affected Friesian calves revealed severe nicotinic-type symptoms including hypersalivation, frothing from the mouth, muscle tremors, recumbency, rapid respiration, hyperaesthesia, and central nervous system depression. Other calves showed mild to moderate signs of intoxication including restlessness, tail switching, salivation, tremors, frequent defaecation, mild colic and jaw chomping. Two calves died shortly afterwards. An adverse drug event investigation revealed that the formulation and quality of the anthelmintic was within the correct specification, and that the drench gun was functioning correctly.

DIAGNOSIS: Suspected levamisole intoxication due to a combination of possible overdosing, dehydration, and stress caused by transportation and prolonged yarding.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Susceptibility to levamisole toxicity in New Zealand calves can be increased if factors like dehydration or stress are present. Levamisole has a narrow margin of safety, and overdosing in calves can easily occur if the dose rate is not based on their actual weight or health status.  相似文献   

Comparative pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in healthy and Mannheimia haemolytica infected calves     

Ismail M  El-Kattan YA 《Research in veterinary science》2007,82(3):398-404

The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin were investigated in healthy (n=8) and Mannheimia haemolytica naturally infected (n=8) Simmental ruminant calves following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 2 mg kg(-1) body weight. The concentration of marbofloxacin in plasma was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Following i.v. administration of the drug, the elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta)) and mean residence time (MRT) were significantly longer in diseased calves (8.2h; 11.13 h) than in healthy ones (4.6 h; 6.1 h), respectively. The value of total body clearance (CL(B)) was larger in healthy calves (3 ml min(-1) kg(-1)) than in diseased ones (1.3 ml min(-1) kg(-1)). After single intramuscular (i.m.) administration of the drug, the elimination half-life, mean residence time (MRT) and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) were higher in diseased calves (8.0, 12 h, 2.32 microg ml(-1)) than in healthy ones (4.7, 7.4 h, 1.4 microg ml(-1)), respectively. The plasma concentrations and AUC following administration of the drug by both routes were significantly higher in diseased calves than in healthy ones. Protein binding of Marbofloxacin was not significantly different in healthy and diseased calves. The mean value for MIC of marbofloxacin for M. haemolytica was 0.1+/-0.06 microg ml(-1). The C(max)/MIC and AUC(24)/MIC ratios were significantly higher in diseased calves (13.0-64.4 and 125-618 h) than in healthy calves (8-38.33 and 66.34-328 h). The obtained results for surrogate markers of antimicrobial activity (C(max)/MIC, AUC/MIC and T > or = MIC) indicate the excellent pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug in diseased calves with M. haemolytica, which can be expected to optimize the clinical efficacy and minimize the development of resistance.  相似文献   

Serology in Bovine Infectious Disease Diagnosis     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2023,39(1):141-155

  相似文献   

产奶量遗传潜力不同的荷斯坦犊牛在代谢刺激下的生理反应     

王毓英  储明星  石万海 《中国奶牛》2000,(1):21-23

按系统指数（ＰＩ：Ｐｅｄｉｇｒｅｅ Ｉｎｄｅｘ）的高低将１１９头北京荷斯坦犊牛分成两组（ＰＩ〉５００为高组，ＰＩ〈５００为低组），其中３８头犊牛（５头公牛的后代）具有高系谱指数，平均值为７１８．５，８１头犊牛（１０头公牛的后代）具有低系谱指数，平均值为４００．５。犊牛为３～６月龄，在禁食３４～３６ｈ状态下采血，检测它们血液中总蛋白（ＴＰ）、尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、肌酸酐（ＣＲＥ）、游离脂肪酸（ＦＦＡ）的  相似文献   

Characterization of an intravenous lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in calves with respect to the acute-phase response     

《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2015,163(1-2):46-56

Our objective was to develop a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation model in calves to evaluate the acute-phase response with respect to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, fever development and sickness behaviour. Fourteen 4-week-old male Holstein Friesian calves were included and randomly assigned to a negative control group (n = 3) and an LPS-challenged group (n = 11). The latter received an intravenous bolus injection of 0.5 μg of LPS/kg body weight. Blood collection and clinical scoring were performed at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 28, 32, 48, 54 and 72 h post LPS administration (p.a.). In the LPS group, the following clinical signs were observed successively: tachypnoea (on average 18 min p.a.), decubitus (29 min p.a.), general depression (1.75 h p.a.), fever (5 h p.a.) and tachycardia (5 h p.a.). Subsequent to the recovery from respiratory distress, general depression was prominent, which deteriorated when fever increased. One animal did not survive LPS administration, whereas the other animals recovered on average within 6.1 h p.a. Moreover, the challenge significantly increased plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, with peaking levels at 1, 3.5, 24 and 18 h p.a., respectively. The present LPS model was practical and reproducible, caused obvious clinical signs related to endotoxemia and a marked change in the studied inflammatory mediators, making it a suitable model to study the immunomodulatory properties of drugs in future research.  相似文献   

Time lag between peak concentrations of plasma and salivary cortisol following a stressful procedure in dairy cattle     

Carlos E Hernandez  Tomas Thierfelder  Kerstin Svennersten-Sjaunja  Charlotte Berg  Agustin Orihuela  Lena Lidfors 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1)

Background

Measurement of salivary cortisol has been used extensively as a non-invasive alternative to blood sampling to assess adrenal activity in ruminants. However, there is evidence suggesting a considerable delay in the transfer of cortisol from plasma into saliva. Previous studies in cattle have used long sampling intervals making it difficult to characterise the relationship between plasma and salivary cortisol (PLCort and SACort, respectively) concentrations at different time points and determine whether or not such a time lag exist in large ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterise the relationship between plasma and salivary cortisol and determine if there is a significant time lag between reaching peak cortisol concentrations in plasma and saliva across a 4.25 h time-period, using short sampling intervals of 10–15 min, following social separation in dairy cattle.Five cows were separated from their calves at 4 days after calving, and six calves were separated from a group of four peers at 8 weeks of age. Following separation, the animals were moved to an unfamiliar surrounding where they could not see their calves or pen mates. The animals were catheterised with indwelling jugular catheters 1 day before sampling. Blood and saliva samples were obtained simultaneously before and after separation.

Results

In response to the stressors, PLCort and SACort increased reaching peak concentrations 10 and 20 min after separation, respectively. This suggested a 10 min time lag between peak cortisol concentrations in plasma and saliva, which was further confirmed with a time-series analysis. Considering the 10 min time lag, SACort was strongly correlated with PLCort (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Salivary cortisol correlates well with plasma cortisol and is a good indicator of the time-dependent variations in cortisol concentrations in plasma following acute stress. However, there is a time lag to reach peak cortisol concentrations in saliva compared to those in plasma, which should be considered when saliva samples are used as the only measure of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress in cattle.  相似文献   

发酵中药渣对犊牛生长发育和健康状况的影响          下载免费PDF全文

董彬厂  马虎强  畅文驰  张家强  杨博华  辛亚平  王晶钰 《中国牛业科学》2022,48(6):14-17

[目的]为研究发酵中药渣对犊牛生长发育、健康状况的影响。[方法]在宁夏固原市肉牛良种繁育示范园随机选取150头犊牛作为试验牛群,采用配对试验设计,试验分为对照组和发酵中药渣组。[结果]日粮中添加发酵中药渣,犊牛采食量增加0.09 kg,日增重增加0.09 kg,料重比(F/G)减少0.06 kg;体重多增加5.2 kg,提高4.4% ,体高、胸围、体斜长分别增长 4.2 cm、5.6 cm、4.4cm,分别提高了4.5%、5.1%、4.1%;试验组滨州筛第 1,2 层筛上物比例下降,说明犊牛消化能力增加,饲料消化率提高;血液总蛋白和白蛋白含量均显著高于对照组;谷丙转氨酶含量显著低于对照组;谷胱甘肽、过氧化物歧化酶、免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于对照组。[结论]在犊牛日粮中添加发酵中药渣可增加犊牛的采食量和日增重,提高饲料报酬,提高血清总蛋白,降低谷丙转氨酶水平,增加过氧化物歧化酶活性,提高犊牛免疫力。  相似文献   

缩短犊牛断奶日龄以提高经济效益     

王志武  梁全忠  杨效民  韩文让  孙锐锋  赵瑞生 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,22(2):184-185

采用 10头初生犊牛 ,分为 2组 ,每组各 5头 ,分别进行 4 0日龄 (试验组 )和 10 0日龄 (对照组 )断奶试验。试验组 4 0日龄断奶后用代乳料喂至 10 0日龄 ,然后与对照组一起采食普通草料。结果 :两组犊牛各阶段体尺、体重、发病率 ,成活率的差异均不显著。而成本核算试验组每头犊牛的培育成本降低 5 2 5元  相似文献   

导入外源GRF基因质粒对犊牛生长性能的影响     

张利宇  孙宝忠  王敏  贾恩堂  聂河  孟庆勇  种京华 《勤云标准版测试》2006,(9)

为了研究导入GRF基因质粒对犊牛生长性能的影响,选取36头体重为约102kg西门塔尔杂交牛,随机分成四组每组9头,分别注射含有0mg,3.37mg,6.74mg,10.11mg质粒的5ml生理盐水。在试验过程中,定期进行增重,饲料采食量和生长激素水平的测定。试验结果表明,各处理组均在一定程度上提高了动物的日增重和饲料转化率,其中6.74mg处理组效果最好,日增重比对照组高出17.33%(P<0.01),饲料转化率提高18.05%(P<0.01)。屠宰后进行组织质粒残留检测,未发现有残留。  相似文献   

Experimental infection and cross protection tests in calves with cytopathic strains of bovine rotavirus     

G Castrucci  M Ferrari  F Frigeri  V Cilli  F Caleffi  V Aldrovandi  L Rampichini  F Tangucci 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1983,6(4):321-332

Four cytopathic strains (81/32F, 81/36F, 81/40F, 82/80F) of bovine rotavirus were shown to be pathogenic for conventionally reared newborn calves. Calves were infected orally, using 3 calves for each isolate. All became febrile, were depressed and diarrhoeic. Two calves, one of which in the group of those infected with 81/36F isolate, and the other infected with strain 81/40F, were killed when moribund. A 3rd calf from the 81/36F infected group, died. At necropsy localized lesions of the small intestines, which are considered to be typical of rotavirus infection, were found. Virus was consistently isolated from the fecal samples of the inoculated calves up to 13 days post-inoculation. It was speculated that some differences existed in the virulence of the bovine rotaviruses tested. The cross protection tests revealed that 1 strain (81/36F) might be antigenically more complex than the others.  相似文献