超高产水稻产量形成的气候生态特点研究   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

刘军  余铁桥 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1996,22(4):326-332

在云南和湖南异地异季种植，研究了水稻超高产形成的相应气候生态条件，结果表明：超高产水稻具有大穗、多穗、高结实率的特点．云南试区具有日较差大、日照时数多、相对湿度低，平均温度较低的气候特点，故水稻生育期较长，同化物积累多，成穗率高，灌浆强度大．湖南试区阴雨寡照是影响产量的重要因素．  相似文献   

水稻机械化喷直播技术的应用现状及对策     

黄宗飞  叶钊海 《中国农机化》2005,(1):35-36

分析了水稻机械化喷直播技术的特点和技术要求，介绍了水稻机械化喷直播技术的应用现状及其技术推广的制约因素．提出了推广水稻机械化喷直播技术的对策．  相似文献   

Weeding techniques in transplanted and direct wet-seeded rice in Pakistan     

MOHAMMAD SAFDAR BALOCH  GUL HASSAN  TETSUO MORIMOTO 《Weed Biology and Management》2005,5(4):190-196

Field studies were undertaken to explore the weed management strategies for transplanted and direct wet-seeded rice in the Dera Ismail Khan district of North-west Frontier Province, Pakistan. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split plot arrangement. The main plots consisted of two planting techniques (transplantation and direct seeding), while weed control practises assigned to the subplots included the use of the granular herbicide Sunstar 15WG (ethoxy sulfuron), Machete 60EC (butachlor), conventional hand weeding, and the weedy check (untreated control). Data were recorded on weed dynamics and the agronomic parameters of the rice crop. Economic analyses on the data were also run. The weed density and biomass were lower in the transplantation plots than the direct-seeding plots. The herbicides ethoxy sulfuron and butachlor reduced the density over the weedy check, with a density comparable to hand weeding in 2002, but slightly higher in 2003. As a result of weed management by hand weeding and herbicides, the paddy yield and its components were significantly higher for the transplanted method compared to the direct-seeded method. The comparable yield of herbicides with hand weeding offers an option for the use of herbicides as an alternative management tool. In light of our findings, it is concluded that for good economic returns, rice crops may be transplanted rather than direct-seeded. The herbicides ethoxy sulfuron and butachlor offer a weed control cover comparable with hand weeding under the transplantation method, while butachlor is good for controlling weeds even under the direct-seeded conditions in the agroclimatic conditions of the area.  相似文献   

Alternative Route of Infection for Bacterial Seedling Blight of Rice Caused by Burkholderia plantarii     

Hisayoshi MIYAGAWA  Hiroyoshi INOUE 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):356-362

Burkholderia plantarii , the pathogen of bacterial seedling blight of rice, was detected in paddy water. Its concentration rose in July and August. The bacterial concentration in the paddy water was always higher along levees than at distances more than 5 m from levees. Confirmed to be released into water when graminaceous weeds were immersed, B. plantarii survived for at least 4 days at 30°C. B. plantarii was splashed at least 30 cm upward by rain splash in the field. Harvested seeds, which had been sprayed with B. plantarii released from graminaceous weeds at the flowering stage, retained the bacteria. Bacterial seedling blight occurred when the seeds were then sown in nursery boxes. These results indicated that graminaceous weeds growing on levees of paddy fields are a source of infection of the disease and that rice seeds are infected through the paddy water. Received 23 May 2002/ Accepted in revised form 1 September 2002  相似文献   

Effects of soil moisture conditions on the emergence of weeds and rice plants from rainfed paddy soils in north‐east Thailand     

HIROHIKO MORITA  NOBUYUKI KABAKI 《Weed Biology and Management》2002,2(4):209-212

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稻水象甲发生规律与药剂试验方法的探讨   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

朱世宏  王红旗  田新  解文强  董玉武  邱世栋  安玉云 《农药科学与管理》2003,24(7):15-17

稻水象甲是国际检疫对象，已经是我国北方水稻产区最重要害虫之一，并且呈迅速蔓延之势。此虫主要借助交通工具作远距离传播。成虫危害叶片，幼虫危害根系。一年繁殖一代但有两个危害高峰。新农药田间药效试验如果针对防治成虫、幼虫或者兼治，应在相应的时间、采取不同的方法进行。  相似文献   

南方灭鼠应用稻谷与大米毒饵的比较          下载免费PDF全文

张美文  王勇  李波  陈安国 《植物保护学报》2003,30(1):86-90

生物测定法测得谷壳对复方88-1灭鼠剂的阻滞率为54．3％，光谱分析法测得其对敌鼠钠盐的阻滞率在47．43％—57．00％之间。相同条件下，褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus取食敌鼠钠盐稻谷毒饵量为大米毒饵的2倍多。在南方潮湿的环境下，大米毒饵更易松散、霉变，使其适口性更低。综合考虑认为南方灭鼠使用稻谷毒饵更为合适。  相似文献   

春麦田除草剂的应用与杂草群落演替   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

邱学林  涂鹤龄  辛存岳  郭青云  肖明  张海福 《植物保护学报》1997,24(3):263-268

作者采用定点定位试验,对春麦田除草剂应用与杂草群落演替趋势进行研究。结果表明:在杂草群落多样性麦田,小麦连作并分别连续5年施用同一种除草剂,原杂草群落中占优势的靶标杂草得以控制,而非靶标杂草和抗、耐药性杂草因失去竞争和制约对象而猖獗发展,发生量较原来增加几倍至几十倍,并形成优势种群,对小麦造成新的更严重的危害。一种除草剂在同田块连续施用4年,由于杂草群落演替,抗、耐药杂草兴起,除草效果显著下降而失去其使用意义。作者提出除草剂配套使用、轮用、混用等措施,并配合以合理的轮作制度,以减轻杂草群落长期受到单一的定向选择性压力。  相似文献   

双季稻区稻水象甲的生物学特性研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

林云彪  商晗武  吕劳富  李先南  顾云琴  黄贤华  董向阳 《植物保护》1997,23(6):8-11

稻水象甲在浙江双季稻区每年发生２代，以成虫滞育越冬。春季越冬成虫迁入早稻田繁殖，形成１代致害种群；夏季１代成虫生殖滞育，绝大部分个体（９５％以上）迁出早稻田行夏蛰并越冬；秋季２代成虫羽化后，大部分迁飞山上草地越冬。  相似文献   

海河平原区棉花饲用黑麦复种方式及水肥利用效率分析     

游永亮  赵海明  李源  武瑞鑫  刘贵波  翟兰菊 《草业学报》2018,27(12):166-176

2011年10月-2014年10月连续3年在河北省任县安排了定位试验,通过饲用黑麦不同播期与棉花构建几种棉草复种茬口搭配方式,从产量、经济效益、水分利用效率和养分利用效率以及对土壤肥力影响等方面综合分析棉花饲用黑麦复种的可行性及复种方式。结果表明,棉花可与饲用黑麦复种,为降低饲用黑麦对棉花的影响,饲用黑麦可适当推迟到10月20日播种,次年4月底收获,效益可提高5470.1元·hm^-2。棉花饲用黑麦复种与棉花单作相比,平均水分利用率提高16.49%;水分经济利用效率提高56.54%;并且土壤有机质平均增长幅度提高5.71%,土壤含盐量平均降低幅度达到23.72%,土壤改良效果明显;是适用于该区域的高效复种模式。  相似文献