排序方式： 共有11条查询结果，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
《国际水土保持研究(英文)》2023,11(1):213-223
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form symbiotic relationships with most crops, but their impact on the environmental migration of cadmium (Cd) in farmland is limited. A field experiment was performed in the rainy season (May–October) for two years in Cd-polluted farmland used for maize cultivation. A fungicide (benomyl) was used to specifically inhibit native AMF growth in the farmland. The growth and Cd uptake of maize and the Cd concentration and loss in runoff and interflow were investigated. Benomyl strongly and significantly inhibited AMF colonization rate in maize roots, reduced the contents of total and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) in soil and the Cd uptake in maize roots, and increased the Cd uptake in shoots. Particulate Cd was the main form of Cd loss in runoff, while dissolved Cd was the main form of Cd leaching loss at depths of 20 cm and 40 cm. Inhibiting AMF increased the Cd concentration in runoff and interflow and promoted dissolved Cd loss in runoff and interflow at 20 cm depth by 34.7% and 68.0% and particulate Cd loss by 46.4% and 19.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the AMF colonization rate in maize roots and the GRSP content in soil were significantly positively correlated with Cd uptake in roots and negatively correlated with the concentration and loss of Cd in runoff and interflow. These results indicated that the benomyl-induced inhibition of native AMF promoted Cd transfer to maize shoots and increased Cd loss via runoff and interflow from polluted farmland. 相似文献
2.
为了有效实施镉污染农田农业生态整治与安全高效利用策略 ,采用室外微区池栽培实验 ,对我国南方几种主要栽培植物耐土壤Cd污染能力进行了比较分析。指出禾谷类作物水稻和玉米虽然对Cd的生理耐受性较强 ,但其产品 (籽实 )易因Cd污染影响而丧失食用价值 ,属于污染敏感型作物 ,不宜在污染区种植 ;油菜、花生和甘蔗等对Cd的生理耐性较强 ,产品 (种子油、蔗糖 )中Cd存留量低 ,对食用品质影响较小 ,可考虑在轻污染区保留种植 ,但油料作物的秸秆和饼粕、蔗渣等应作为污染物妥善处理 ,不宜作肥料或饲料利用 ;纤维植物棉花、红麻、苎麻和蚕桑对土壤Cd污染都有不同程度的耐受性 ,产品质量基本不受Cd污染的影响 ,产品中的Cd不进入食物链 ,因此 ,在对污染农田实施农业生态整治与安全高效利用策略时 ,可作为改种改制的首选作物。 相似文献
3.
苎麻对镉污染土壤功能修复的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过野外调查和采样分析,研究了湖南安化矿区的镉污染土壤种植苎麻前后土壤的微生物活菌量、有机质、pH值和镉含量等指标的变化。结果表明,镉污染土壤种植苎麻后,土壤微生物活菌量明显增加,土壤细菌活菌量增加幅度最大的为1.33倍,土壤真菌增加幅度最大的达2.42倍;土壤的酸碱度变化受苎麻品种与季别的影响;镉污染土壤种植苎麻可提高土壤有机质含量,明显减少土壤中镉含量,起到修复土壤镉污染的作用。同时,可收获苎麻原麻912.0~3 450.0 kg/hm2,生态和经济效益十分显著。 相似文献
4.
Genotypic Variation in Shoot Cadmium Concentration in Rice and Soybean in Soils with Different Levels of Cadmium Contamination 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Satoru Ishikawa Noriharu Ae Megumi Sugiyama Masaharu Murakami Tomohito Arao 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(1):101-108
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate whether the shoot cadmium (Cd) concentration in 11 rice and 10 soybean cultivars varied among 4 soils with different levels of Cd contamination. Significant differences in shoot Cd concentration were found among rice or soybean cultivars grown in the 4 soils. The ranking of the rice cultivars for the shoot Cd concentration varied considerably among the soils. On the other hand, the soybean cultivars were ranked similarly in terms of shoot Cd concentration in the 4 soils. Significant and positive correlations were found between the Cd and Zn concentrations and between the Cd and Mn concentrations in the shoot of rice cultivars, when they were grown in 2 soils with relatively moderate levels of Cd contamination. The shoot Cd concentration in the soybean cultivars, however, was not correlated with the concentrations determined for any of the metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe) across the 4 soils. Significant and positive correlations between the concentrations of Cd in younger shoots and mature seeds were detected among the soybean cultivars in 2 soils used, unlike among the rice cultivars, indicating that it may be difficult to evaluate the genotypic variation in seed Cd concentration using relatively younger shoots in the case of rice. These results revealed that genotypic differences in shoot Cd concentration in rice or soybean are variable or invariable among soils, respectively. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
二种钾肥对海泡石钝化修复镉污染土壤效应影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了揭示钾肥对Cd污染土壤钝化修复效果的影响,为土壤钝化修复过程中合理施钾肥提供理论依据。本文选取不同剂量(含量以K2O计算,分别为0.1 g·kg~(-1)、0.2 g·kg~(-1)和0.3 g·kg~(-1))的KCl和K_2SO_4作为典型钾肥,以海泡石(10 g·kg~(-1))作为钝化材料,通过油菜盆栽试验,研究了两种钾肥在海泡石钝化条件下对Cd污染土壤修复效应的影响。结果表明:K_2SO_4显著增加了油菜的生物量,其增幅为6.06%~10.05%。与单施海泡石钝化相比,在海泡石钝化时施用KCl和K_2SO_4两种钾肥,油菜地上部茎叶Cd含量分别增加16.38%~60.73%和15.62%~25.19%;施用KCl和K_2SO_4对土壤p H未产生显著性影响,却显著地增加了土壤有效态Cd含量,其增幅分别为25.51%~34.65%和18.5%~24.96%。添加海泡石可使土壤的Zeta电位向负值方向移动,提高土壤对Cd的负载能力;但添加海泡石下施用KCl和K_2SO_4均能提高土壤的Zeta电位,降低土壤对Cd的负载能力。等温吸附试验同样表明,添加KCl和K_2SO_4均能降低海泡石对Cd的吸附量,在水溶液中海泡石对Cd的最大吸附量为5.30 mg·kg~(-1),添加KCl和K_2SO_4后吸附量分别降低至2.87 mg·g~(-1)和4.92 mg·g~(-1)。KCl和K_2SO_4显著改善了土壤中K、Mn、Cu和Zn等营养元素的有效态含量。从上述结果可以发现,在海泡石钝化修复Cd污染土壤过程中,施K_2SO_4对钝化效果的影响小于施KCl。 相似文献
9.
【目的】验证生物炭+碱渣钙镁肥对重金属镉(Cd)污染土壤的改良效果。【方法】在习惯施肥NPK对照的基础上,设置生物炭20 t/hm~2、碱渣钙镁肥3 t/hm~2和生物炭20 t/hm~(2+)碱渣钙镁肥3 t/hm~2处理进行花生田间小区试验,研究不同材料处理对Cd污染土壤的养分含量、有效Cd含量,以及花生米、花生壳和花生茎叶Cd含量的影响。【结果】与对照相比,生物炭+碱渣钙镁肥处理土壤pH值提高0.91个单位,土壤有效Cd含量降低11.63%,土壤pH与土壤有效Cd含量之间呈现显著负相关;土壤有机质、交换性Mg和有效Si含量分别提高21.71%、72.05%和39.34%(P0.05);花生荚果产量和花生米粗蛋白含量分别增加22.57%和9.39%(P0.05);生物炭+碱渣钙镁肥处理对减少花生茎叶对重金属Cd的吸收累积有明显作用。【结论】生物炭+碱渣钙镁肥能有效钝化土壤重金属Cd,提高花生的产量和品质,可以作为重金属Cd污染土壤的复混改良材料。 相似文献
10.
为探究生物炭对矿区Cd污染稻田土壤原位钝化生态修复效果,进行稻田土壤Cd污染修复试验,设置海泡石（BC1）、生物炭（BC2）、空白对照（BC3）3种处理。采用梯度扩散薄膜（DGT）技术研究水稻根际土壤Cd生物有效性,明确其对水稻根际土壤Cd生物有效性和土壤Cd形态转化的影响。结果表明：生物炭影响矿区Cd污染稻田水稻根际土壤Cd形态比率。生物炭改变稻田土壤中Cd形态,明显提高土壤中残渣态Cd含量占比,提高幅度达27.84%,利于其他形态Cd向更稳定的残渣态转变。生物炭改变矿区Cd污染稻田水稻根际土壤Cd生物有效性。与空白对照相比,生物炭使水稻收获期的根际土壤Cd生物有效性降低了40.90%,土壤中有效态Cd含量降低了9.53%;海泡石处理的土壤Cd生物有效性比生物炭处理的土壤Cd生物有效性降低了83.90%,海泡石处理的土壤有效态Cd含量比生物炭处理的土壤有效态Cd含量降低了7.73%。生物炭可提升矿区Cd污染稻田土壤质量。生物炭改善了水稻土壤质量;与空白对照相比,生物炭处理的土壤有机质提高了6.75%,土壤阳离子交换量升高了8.44%,土壤pH值提升了7.44%;与海泡石对照相比,生物炭处理的土壤有机质提高了2.95%,土壤阳离子交换量升高了9.22%,土壤pH值降低了13.33%。研究表明,生物炭原位钝化能有效降低矿区Cd污染稻田土壤Cd生物有效性,提升生态修复水平。 相似文献