The routes to fruit: Governance of urban food trees in Canada     

《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2023

Interest in planting urban food trees (UFTs) in public spaces is growing in popularity as a form of urban greening and a potential food source. Currently there is minimal research on the governance and policy aspects of integrating food trees into cities. To fill this gap, we investigated the characteristics of UFT site governance and how it compares to current urban forest governance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with relevant municipal officials in Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto and Victoria about their perspectives and involvement with UFT sites in their city. A scan of policy documents was completed to supplement the interviews. The interviews were analyzed using a deductive coding framework based on the Policy Arrangement Approach. We found that key actors at the UFT sites were local organizations and site champions, with minimal municipal engagement. Most site resources provided by municipalities were in-kind. There are also basic knowledge gaps about how to care for UFTs. Currently municipal by-laws prohibit the harvesting and removal of plant material, and are at odds with the purpose of UFT sites, with few municipalities fully integrating UFTs in policies. The primary discussion around UFTs centre concerns for public health and safety, management, and use of public space with limited discussions of benefits. This research demonstrates the value of co-governance models to support UFTs, while a shift in focus from risks to benefits could encourage additional resources and policy integration. Further, including UFTs into policy would also support foraging and food tree maintenance in public spaces, and more fully reflect the plurality of urban forest engagement.  相似文献   

公司治理、管理者动机与衍生金融工具使用     

程玲莎 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(2):60-66

基于中国上市公司2007~2013年财务数据，研究公司治理对管理者使用衍生金融工具的影响，并结合中国制度背景，深入分析和检验企业产权、政策监管对公司治理效应的影响。实证结果表明，公司治理对管理者使用衍生金融工具的动机存在重要影响，公司治理水平越高，管理者越倾向于利用衍生金融工具避免财务困境风险；相反，管理者越倾向于利用衍生金融工具规避薪酬风险。研究还发现，公司治理的作用机制会受到所有权性质的影响，国有控制属性会弱化公司治理效应，对衍生金融工具交易的政策监管差异是重要原因。  相似文献   

农村社会服务人才的研究述评和基本厘定     

靳能泉 《安徽农业科学》2015,(26):313-315

“三农”问题的根本解决、农村社会的繁荣稳定,都需要大量的农村社会服务人才参与其中.目前只“就农村改革”谈农村实用人才、只“为农业建设”说农业管理者和指导者、只“据农民发展”论农民带头人和专合组织负责人,都不是真正而完全的农村社会服务人才.农村社会服务人才应是具有一定专业知识或专门技能,面向或立足于农村这一微型社会,为其经济、科技、教育、卫生、文化、体育、生态等的科学发展提供创造性、价值性服务的各类劳动者,它具有自身的特点和地位.  相似文献   

环境治理中政府间利益博弈与机制设计     

关华  齐卫娜 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(1):100-104

在环境治理中，中央政府和地方政府作为“经济人”为争取自身利益最大化展开竞争博弈，效用目标差异是导致其竞争的根本原因。为实现双方互利共赢的帕累托最优，应设计相应的激励机制以实现地方政府从竞争走向合作，实现地方利益与区域利益的统一，经济增长和环境协调一致，促进社会可持续发展。  相似文献   

营运资本与公司综合治理对公司价值影响研究     

杨招军  孙雯婷  甘柳 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(1):46-56

拓展Faulkender 和Wang(2006)模型，引入公司综合治理水平变量，分析了公司综合治理水平和营运资本对公司价值的影响.运用我国A股市场2008~2013年数据进行实证，证实公司综合治理水平与营运资本对企业价值影响显著；边际营运资本价值小于边际现金价值，企业在现有营运资本水平下增加营运资本投资，将降低企业超额收益率，减少企业投资价值；商业性企业比工业性企业、高治理效率企业比低治理效率企业、受融资约束企业比不受融资约束企业具有更高的边际营运资本价值.  相似文献   

维护国家经济安全的政府审计模型构建研究     

周兰  李惠 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2013,(6):71-75

基于国家治理论阐述了政府审计与国家经济安全之间的内在逻辑机理关系，认为政府审计应从以公民需求为导向，引入市场机制，健全审计问责机制三个层面出发，充分发挥政府审计“免疫系统”的防御、稳定、监视三大基本功能，并以此来构建维护国家经济安全的政府审计模型，最终实现维护国家经济安全的目标。  相似文献   

Describing Human–Wildlife Interaction from a European Perspective     

Maria Johansson  Sabrina Dressel  Emma Kvastegård  Göran Ericsson  Anke Fischer  Bjørn P. Kaltenborn 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2016,21(2):158-168

European researchers from both the natural and social sciences show growing interest in studying interactions between society and wildlife. A wealth of theoretical frameworks, concepts, and methods are used, but an integration of perspectives is lacking. This research note summarizes results from two workshops that included 63 delegates from 25 European countries, as well as a follow-up survey of 41 respondents. Two main theoretical approaches to the study of human–wildlife interactions were identified. One approach focuses on the collective societal level relying on theories of governance, social representation, deliberative procedures, and commons theory. The other approach targets individuals or groups, and is based on theories such as the cognitive hierarchy, theory of reasoned action, and theory of planned behavior. Interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to identify the best options for wildlife conservation and management in a more politically integrated Europe.  相似文献   

我国野生动物非法贸易协同治理问题分析     

陈积敏  陈勇  胡诚志  贾延安  邓琳君 《世界林业研究》2021,34(1):48-53

野生动物是地球上所有生命和自然生态体系的重要组成部分,其生存状况同人类可持续发展息息相关.当前无序的利用致使野生动物非法贸易已成为世界第3大犯罪,严重影响到生物多样性、生态系统服务功能、全球社会秩序和公共安全以及野生动物福利.国内外打击野生动物非法贸易已逐步形成了以更新野生动物保护理念、完善法律制度、建立执法网络等为主...  相似文献   

Agricultural extension approach: evidence from an Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project in Ethiopia     

Gerba LETA  Steffen SCHULZ  Girum GETACHEW ALEMU 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(4):427-439

Agricultural extension is an approach to rural development and agricultural transformation in which training, demonstration and technology transfer are key to reducing rural poverty, ensuring food security, and sustainably managing natural resources. During recent decades, different extension approaches have been tested and validated by the Ethiopian government and non-governmental organizations to stimulate participation in the agricultural extension system (AES). The most recent was a German-funded project entitled “Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project” (ISFM⁺), which employed a novel approach to piloting and upscaling proven technology and best practice. The purpose of this study was to analyze and document the modalities of ISFM⁺ and illustrate its effects on technology uptake and dissemination. The study used a mixed methods approach to collect data. ATLAS.ti and SPSS were used for data management and analysis. Farmer Research and Extension Groups and Farmer Field Schools were found to be central to the participation process. Also, the ISFM⁺ was found to aid technology transfer and helped to increase grain and residue yields as well as farmer livelihoods. Based on these empirical findings, it is argued that the ISFM⁺ approach and technology should be integrated and institutionalized in the mainstream AES in order to promote their extensive application.  相似文献   

农产品质量安全有效治理的路径浅析          下载免费PDF全文

张芳 《现代农业研究》2020,(2):42-43

食品安全问题是有关国计民生的重要问题,关系着广大消费者的切身利益。农产品作为各 类食品的源泉,其质量安全监管及治理是保障食品安全的基本要求。本文就当前农产品质量安全面 临的主要问题做了一些浅析,提出了治理途径,以期对于农产品质量安全的有效治理提供一些思路。  相似文献