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It is assumed that Agent-Based Modeling is a useful technique for water management issues. In particular, it may provide a suitable framework for representing irrigated systems. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate its potential for a specific use: research on irrigated systems’ viability in the Senegal River Valley. The main assumption to be verified is that Multi-Agent Systems constitute a suitable architecture to study theoretically irrigated systems’ viability using simulations. By using Multi-Agent Systems, virtual irrigated systems can be designed that might then be used as virtual laboratories. These virtual labs constitute an alternative when real labs cannot exist for some reason.
In this paper we report on experiments we have conducted using such virtual labs for exploring an Agent-Based Model through the simulation of scenarios. A scenario is defined as a triplet: an environment, a set of individual rules, a set of collective rules. It is evaluated according to the longevity of the irrigated system. An index is defined, based on the ratio of long-enduring simulations among a set of repetitions of a given scenario. Even if simulation results display significant diversity for a given scenario due to random factors in the processes simulated, the ratio of long-enduring simulations is repeatable. This entails to explore the overall behavior of the virtual irrigated system and to build theories concerning the viability of Senegalese irrigated systems. An example is given showing the need for strong coherence for a given environment among individual rules and collective rules. 相似文献
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[目的】研究塑料温室与大田内土壤动物群落特征,为温室土壤生态系统的健康提供理论参考。[方法]对塑料温室蔬菜地及其附近的大田采取定期采样,用手检法扣Tullgren漏斗法获取土壤动物,在实验室内分析鉴定。[结果]通过4个月的实地调查及采样研究,共捕获土壤动物2453头,隶属于3门8纲11目。其中,弹尾目和蜱螨目为优势类群,分别占总捕获量的45．82％和25．72％;鞘翅目、等足目、寡毛纲、双翅目、腹足纲、直翅目和鞘翅目幼虫为常见种类,分别占全捕量的5．63％、5．01％、4．32％、3．10％、2．36％、2．32％和1．59％;其余类群为稀有种类。季节变动显示,塑料温室内5月份土壤动物数量最多,8月份最少;自然大田内是8月份土壤动物数量最多,5月份最少。各种多样性指数分析结果表明,群落复杂性指数（C）表征的土壤动物多样性比多样性指数（H）更能客观反映土壤动物分布的真实情况。[结论]塑料温室蔬菜地中土壤动物的种类和数量比附近大田土壤中丰富,而且随着塑料温室使用时间的延长,其中的土壤动物数量越多,季节变动与大田中不一致。 相似文献
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Agent-based land-use models: a review of applications 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Robin B. Matthews Nigel G. Gilbert Alan Roach J. Gary Polhill Nick M. Gotts 《Landscape Ecology》2007,22(10):1447-1459
Agent-based modelling is an approach that has been receiving attention by the land use modelling community in recent years,
mainly because it offers a way of incorporating the influence of human decision-making on land use in a mechanistic, formal,
and spatially explicit way, taking into account social interaction, adaptation, and decision-making at different levels. Specific
advantages of agent-based models include their ability to model individual decision-making entities and their interactions,
to incorporate social processes and non-monetary influences on decision-making, and to dynamically link social and environmental
processes. A number of such models are now beginning to appear—it is timely, therefore, to review the uses to which agent-based
land use models have been put so far, and to discuss some of the relevant lessons learnt, also drawing on those from other
areas of simulation modelling, in relation to future applications. In this paper, we review applications of agent-based land
use models under the headings of (a) policy analysis and planning, (b) participatory modelling, (c) explaining spatial patterns
of land use or settlement, (d) testing social science concepts and (e) explaining land use functions. The greatest use of
such models so far has been by the research community as tools for organising knowledge from empirical studies, and for exploring
theoretical aspects of particular systems. However, there is a need to demonstrate that such models are able to solve problems
in the real world better than traditional modelling approaches. It is concluded that in terms of decision support, agent-based
land-use models are probably more useful as research tools to develop an underlying knowledge base which can then be developed
together with end-users into simple rules-of-thumb, rather than as operational decision support tools.
This paper arises from research conducted as part of the UK Research Councils’ RELU Programme (award number RES-224-25-0102).
RELU is funded jointly by the Economic and Social Research Council, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
and the Natural Environment Research Council, with additional funding from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural
Affairs and the Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department. 相似文献
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分析了组合复杂性转换为周期复杂性的c/p过程,并将c/p过程与TRIZ理论集成,提出了一种组合复杂性消除过程模型.首先,判断系统中是否存在组合复杂性,绘制系统功能结构图,并确定导致系统出现时间相关组合复杂性的组合.其次,应用TRIZ理论分析系统功能,引入一个合理的功能周期消除系统的组合复杂性.最后,将抽象的功能周期描述转化为改进后的设计方案,并以工程实例加以验证. 相似文献
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Fikret Berkes 《Fish and Fisheries》2012,13(4):465-476
As a dominant paradigm, ecosystem‐based fisheries have to come to terms with uncertainty and complexity, an interdisciplinary visioning of management objectives, and putting humans back into the ecosystem. The goal of this article is to suggest that implementing ecosystem‐based management (EBM) has to be ‘revolutionary’ in the sense of going beyond conventional practices. It would require the use of multiple disciplines and multiple objectives, dealing with technically unresolvable management problems of complex adaptive systems and expanding scope from management to governance. Developing the governance toolbox would require expanding into new kinds of interaction unforeseen by the mid‐twentieth‐century fathers of fishery science – governance that may involve cooperative, multilevel management, partnerships, social learning and knowledge co‐production. In addition to incorporating relatively well‐known resilience, adaptive management and co‐management approaches, taking EBM to the next stage may include some of the following: conceptualizing EBM as a ‘wicked problem’; conceptualizing fisheries as social‐ecological systems; picking and choosing from an assortment of new governance approaches; and finding creative ways to handle complexity. 相似文献
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生态系统服务功能多样性与农业生态系统复杂性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态系统服务功能是20世纪70年代生态学领域出现的一个新的研究热点。本文提出了生态系统服务功能的分类框架,首次从10个方面阐述了生态系统服务功能的内涵。同时分析了农业生态系统复杂性,并从生态学角度探讨了农业生态系统服务功能多样性与农业生态系统复杂性的关系,指出要持续发挥多样性的生态系统服务功能,复杂的农业生态系统需要在多尺度保持自身的多样性。 相似文献
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生态系统复杂性怎样导致稳定性 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
刘国城 《东北林业大学学报》1991,19(6):9-14
生态系统物种多样性与生态系统的稳定性是不是正相关,多样性怎样导致稳定性。从生态系统抗拒外界环境因子振荡,保持能流物流稳定的功能角度来看,其多样性与稳定性的关系,可以用系统工程学关于技术设备系统复杂性与可靠性的关系原理加以说明。这时要进行结构分析,区分串连结构和并连结构。串连结构中,复杂性与可靠性呈负相关。并连结构中,复杂性导致冗余储备的增加,与可靠性呈正相关。生态系统物种的复杂性和多样性,大部分表现为构成并连结构,提高系统冗余度,因而能增强系统可靠工作的稳定性。从生态系统内部诸要素相互关系涨落的内激稳定性角度来看,则完善负反馈调节控制机制以及通过遗传反馈实现协同进化,能够把复杂性转变为稳定性。 相似文献