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Abstract. In Australia, stubble burning and tillage are two of the major processes responsible for the decline of soil organic carbon concentration in cropped soils, and the resulting soil degradation. However, the relative importance of these two practices in influencing the soil organic carbon concentration and the long-term impact on soil quality and productivity are not clear. The effects of stubble burning as practised by farmers in southeastern Australia were evaluated in two field trials, one of 19 years duration, the other of 5 years. Conventional tillage (three tillage passes) led to greater loss of soil organic carbon than stubble burning. Loss of total soil organic carbon attributed to stubble burning in the 0–10 cm layer was estimated to be 1.75 t C ha−1 over the period of the 19-year trial, equivalent to 29% of that lost due to tillage. In the 5-year trial, no change in soil organic carbon due to stubble burning was detectable. Changes in soil quality associated with stubble burning detected in the longer trial included a reduction in macro-aggregate stability, and increases in pH and exchangeable K+ . Only the latter two were detected in the shorter trial. A higher mean wheat yield (average 0.15 t ha−1 ) following stubble burning was observed in the 19-year trial but not in the 5-year trial. Research to monitor the longer term effects of stubble burning is needed, and to identify conditions where loss of soil organic carbon is minimized. 相似文献
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对被挤压物料的熔融过程进行了分析，应用正交多项式回归设计法，找出转速，物料湿度，压力等因素对机器生产率，耗电量，膨化率等的影响，并用模糊数学综合评判法，通过多因素试验对机器的诸性能进行评价，得出优选组合排序，为提高单螺杆式挤压膨化机的性能和制品质量，提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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通过了解冷季型草坪草的特性,研究冷季型草坪草在夏季的生长状况和一些相关生理指标,找出冷季型草坪草夏季休眠的原因和耐热性机理,从而推广冷季型草坪草在园林绿地中的广泛应用,促进我国园林绿化事业的迅猛发展。 相似文献
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Air temperatures in and outside of 60 parks in Taipei city were surveyed to study the effect of different urban parks on their surrounding thermal gradients. Results suggest that the factors governing the temperature of park surroundings are not identical to those of park interiors. Air-temperature gradients surrounding urban parks are influenced by both the horizontal transport of cool or warm air mass above parks and the evapotranspirative air-parcels from trees, creating a cool island larger than the boundaries of cool-island parks, a heat-island larger than the boundaries of strong heat-island parks, and a cool-ring outside weak heat-island parks. Such horizontal air movement is not easily detected using remotely sensed data. During daytime, the thermal environment within a park is dominated by the amount of solar input absorbed by unshaded paved area, which, when strong, can overflow to increase the temperatures of park surroundings; at night, despite park trees causing a warming effect inside parks, park surroundings are cooled by horizontal flow of evapotranspirative air-parcels from park trees. In business and other districts used mostly during daytime, it is recommended that parks and other open spaces be designed with less than 50% paved area and at least 30% trees, shrubs, and other shadings. In residential districts that are used mostly during nighttime, parks and other open spaces are recommended to be designed with more trees. Night irrigation, a measure commonly recommended for the conservation of water, is also recommended to further enhance this nighttime cooling. 相似文献
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[目的]建立凉茶饮料中甘草酸的含量测定方法。[方法]样品经流动相溶解,采用C18色谱柱分离,以甲醇∶0.2 mol/L醋酸铵∶冰醋酸(V/V=70∶29∶1)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml/min,波长为250 nm进行测定,以保留时间进行定性,峰面积进行定量。[结果]甘草酸在1.0～80.0μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为y=(8.55×10-5)x-0.599(r=0.999 7),最低检出限为1.0 mg/kg,定量限为3.0mg/kg,加标回收率为94.8%～110.1%,RSD为1.19%～4.16%(n=6)。[结论]该方法准确度高、灵敏度好、检出限低、实用性强,适用于凉茶饮料生产质量的控制及市场监管。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨水帘过滤负压纵向通风调节室内小气候的可行性,为标准化兔舍设计提供依据。[方法]选用水帘过滤负压抽风兔舍和室内放置轴流通风机兔舍各一栋,在开启有关设备时测定室内温度、湿度、氨气浓度、空气流速的变化,统计对比母兔的繁殖仔兔数、死亡数、投入产出指标。[结果]试验兔舍与对照兔舍的温度差异显著(P<0.05),氨气浓度差异极显著(P<0.01),母兔的繁殖率明显提高,死亡数、单位生产成本明显降低。[结论]水帘降温纵向抽风可以有效控制室内小气候,是一种能兼顾降温与通风且单位生产成本较低的方法,值得在南方兔舍设计中推广。 相似文献