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The pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin (CyM), stimulates vitellogenesis in Ornithodoros moubata (an argasid tick) by stimulating the release of the normal vitellogenesis-inducing factor (a neuropeptide) and subsequent release of the vitellogenic hormone [19]. Here we examine the effects of CyM on egg development in the ixodid tick, Amblyomma hebraeum. Ovary weight, oocyte size, and vitellin content of the ovary were measured after CyM treatment; in partially fed ticks, none of these parameters were affected significantly. However, CyM treatment caused an inhibition of ovary development, as well as reduction of both hemolymph 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E; the vitellogenic hormone in this species) and vitellogenin (Vg)-concentrations in engorged ticks. In addition, the degree of salivary gland degeneration (which is triggered by 20E) was slightly reduced in CyM-treated engorged ticks. These results indicate that CyM acts differently in Amblyomma compared to Ornithodoros. Instead of stimulating vitellogenesis, CyM inhibits egg development perhaps in part as a result of inhibiting release of 20E. 相似文献
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Rahmi?Ayd?nEmail author Kenan?K?prücü Mustafa?D?rücü Sibel??im?ek?K?prücü Murat?Pala 《Aquaculture International》2005,13(5):451-458
In this study, the toxic effects on the embryos and larvae of the common carp were used as a model to investigate the synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, cypermethrin, which contaminates aquatic ecosystems. Data obtained from the cypermethrin acute toxicity tests were evaluated using the Probit Analysis Statistical Method. The control and eight test experiments were repeated five times. The number of dead embryos significantly increased in response to cypermethrin concentrations 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 2, 4 and 8 μg l−1 (p<0.05 for each case). The 48 h LC50 value (with 95% confidence limits) of cypermethrin for common carp embryos was estimated at 0.909 (0.256–5.074) μg l−1. Dose–response decreases in hatching success were recorded as 87.4, 85.0, 80.2, 71.4, 56.3, 48.6, 38.8 and 23.5%, respectively. The lowest concentration of cypermethrin (0.0001 μg l−1) produced a significant increase in the number of dead larvae compared to the control group (p<0.05). The number of dead larvae significantly increased with increasing cypermethrin concentrations exposed for 1–96 h (p<0.05). The highest concentration (8 μg l−1) showed the highest larvae mortality. The 96 h LC50 value (with 95% confidence limits) of cypermethrin for common carp larvae was estimated at 0.809 (0.530–1.308) μg l−1. The results of the study suggest that low levels of cypermethrin in the aquatic environment may have a significant effect on the reproduction and development of carp. 相似文献
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[目的]评价农药对水生生物的毒理效应。[方法]采用静水法研究烯草酮、氯氰菊酯和2．4D丁酯对中华摇蚊（Chironomussinicus）幼虫的急性毒性效应。分别设定不同浓度梯度进行急性暴露试验,于48h时测定摇蚊幼虫组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性。[结果]在氯氰菊酯和2-4D丁酯处理摇蚊幼虫后12h后,不同浓度间的存活率无显著差异,在48h时随着农药浓度的增加,存活率F降。烯草酮、氯氰菊酯和2-4D丁酯对中华摇蚊幼虫48h的LC。分别为1．842、0．150和1．999mg／L,氯氰菊酯对中华摇蚊幼虫的毒性最高．其次为烯草酮,2-4D丁酯毒性最低。烯草酮对中华摇蚊幼虫组织SOD含量有明显影响．表现出剂量-效应关系;2-4D丁酯对组织SOD含量有明碌影响．但未表现出剂量-效应关系：而氯氰菊酯对组织SOD含量则无明显影响。[结论]该研究为水体污染监测和水环境中农药的残留提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Muniswamy David Shambanagouda R. MarigoudarVineetkumar K. Patil Ramesh Halappa 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,103(2):127-134
Concerns have been raised that the amphibian larval stages are particularly at risk and may be vulnerable to adverse effects of pesticides. The present study reports acute toxicity of cypermethrin at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h through static renewal bioassay test for Duttaphrynus melanostictus. The LC50 values were 5.15, 4.55, 3.95, and 3.34 μg/L for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h respectively. At sublethal concentration (0.33 μg/L) behavioral, morphological and biochemical changes were studied. The behavioral and morphological anomalies observed in the present study are typical signs of cyano pyrethroid poisoning. Significant changes were observed in total, soluble, and structural proteins. The depletion of all the protein fractions observed in this investigation led to progressive protein oxidation and catabolism of proteins. Decreased protein level has resulted in a marked elevation of free amino acid levels at all time intervals. The induction of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase activities and elevation in the levels of hydrogen peroxide, reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde eventually lead to oxidative damage of biomolecules, showing that the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are involved in the toxicity induced by cypermethrin. Indicating increased susceptibility of tadpoles. Thus, an exposure to cypermethrin at sublethal concentration had catastrophic effect on tadpoles of D. melanostictus. 相似文献
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[目的]为不同盐度下氯氰菊酯的使用和调控提供科学依据。[方法]采用静水生物法,研究了不同盐度下氯氰菊酯对凡纳滨对虾的急性毒性效应。[结果]在盐度20和5下氯氰菊酯对凡纳滨对虾的24、48、72、96 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为0.767、0.440、0.383、0.038 2μg/L和0.437、0.313、0.203、0.170μg/L。在中、低盐度下氯氰菊酯对凡纳滨对虾的安全浓度(SC)分别为0.038 2和0.017 0μg/L。[结论]极低浓度的氯氰菊酯农药残留就可能会威胁凡纳滨对虾的养殖安全,应尽可能减少在虾塘及附近使用氯氰菊酯。 相似文献
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为了分析有机氯农药残留沉积量受栽培条件和气候微环境影响造成的差异,采用随机区组试验方法,研究探讨了4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油1 600、800倍液在日光温室和露地条件下黄瓜中的残留消解特性。结果表明,在露地和日光温室栽培黄瓜上茎叶喷布4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油1 600、800倍液后,初始沉积量差异较大,剂量越大初始沉积量越高。露地喷药5 d和7 d后、日光温室喷药5 d后的残留量均降低到GB2763 — 2012规定的MRL值以下,符合7 d安全间隔期标准,符合蔬菜质量安全标准。2种剂量喷洒后残留量降解到最大限量标准值所需要的时间分别为露地栽培3.8 d 和4.7 d,日光温室3.0 d和4.2 d。可见,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油 1 600、800倍液均可在蔬菜上应用。 相似文献
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[目的]研究混合微生物对茶树叶片中氯氰菊酯的最佳降解条件。[方法]以茶树叶片中的氯氰菊酯为靶标,以对该污染物具有较好降解效果的混合微生物为降解菌源,研究菌体水浴温度、喷洒时间、菌液浓度、作用时间对氯氰菊酯降解率的影响。[结果]菌体水浴温度为30℃时作用效果最好,氯氰菊酯降解率可达78％;菌液喷洒时间为17：00左右时,氯氰菊酯降解率最高;菌液OD600=0．8时,氯氰菊酯降解率可达73％以上;喷洒菌液3、5、7d后,氯氰菊酯的降解率分别为55％、78％和90％。[结论]混合微生物降解氯氰菊酯的最优条件为：菌体水浴温度30qC,喷洒时间下午5：00,菌体浓度DD600=0．8。 相似文献
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为更准确、简便地检测青菜中毒死蜱与氯氰菊酯残留,采用气相色谱-微池电子捕获检测器法(GC-μECD),建立了同时测定青菜中这2种农药残留量的分析方法。样品采用乙腈超声提取,过弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,用丙酮/正己烷（1：9,V/V）淋洗,淋洗液水浴蒸发近干后以正己烷定容,应用HP-5毛细管柱程序升温分离,微池电子捕获检测器测定,外标法定量。毒死蜱和氯氰菊酯的线性范围分别为0.005~5mg/L和0.01~5 mg/L,相关系数（r）均大于0.99,添加浓度在0.1~1mg/kg时,平均回收率为84.2%～116.9%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.4%~12.7%,检出限分别为0.0002mg/kg和0.003 mg/kg。该方法简便、快速、灵敏,准确度及精密度均满足农药多残留检测的要求,适用于青菜中毒死蜱和氯氰菊酯残留量的检测分析。 相似文献