杂交苏丹草(Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense)修复DDT污染土壤效果研究     

邢素芝  汪建飞  段立珍  谭志静 《土壤》2007,39(4):577-581

采用盆栽试验,研究了杂交苏丹草吸收和富集DDT的规律及其对DDT污染土壤的修复效果。结果表明:①土壤中添加高浓度的DDT,对杂交苏丹草的生物量没有显著影响,说明杂交苏丹草对DDT有耐受能力;②杂交苏丹草对DDT及其主要降解产物都有吸收,在旺盛生长期,植株中DDT的累积速率也较快;③杂交苏丹草根系中DDT及其主要降解产物的浓度是茎叶中相应组分浓度的4.81~10.32倍,质量比在0.57~1.55倍之间;④杂交苏丹草从土壤中吸收DDT占添加量的11.3%,而在其生长期间,土壤中DDT消失量为56.0%。  相似文献   

DDT引发的争论及启示     

魏峰  董元华 《土壤》2011,43(5):698-702

本文沿着DDT从1874年合成到将在2020年淘汰的轨迹和趋势,第一次依据历史重大事件并结合SCI文献数量将DDT的发展分为4个历史阶段,着重探讨了这种“万能杀虫剂”带来的3个争论:DDT对人类的健康影响、禁用还是使用DDT、以及如何评价DDT.本文从DDT由人类的“宠儿”变成“弃儿”的历史演变中分析得出了一些启示,并...  相似文献   

A new lean no time test baking method with improved discriminating power     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

In response to customer concerns related to gluten strength in commercial baking, the Canadian Grain Commission assessed whether the Canadian Short Process (CSP) test bake method was generating useful data related to intrinsic strength of wheat varieties. Assessment of CSP loaf volume data for Canadian variety trials spanning 2003 to 2013 showed very little correlation with dough strength parameters as measured by farinograph and extensigraph. A lean no time (LNT) test baking method was developed that can better discriminate genotypes and provide objective indicators of the effect of intrinsic dough strength on baking quality. From early method development, through method validation and verification using diverse sets of samples targeting different Canadian wheat classes and grown in three different crop years, results showed the LNT method to be more discriminating and easily adopted by other laboratories. In 2015, the LNT method was adopted as the method of choice in future Canadian variety registration trials. The LNT method is fast, simple and well-suited to high throughput test baking conditions encountered in the evaluation of large numbers of breeder lines. A new objective parameter, loaf top ratio, was also introduced and found to correlate well with dough strength and dough handling properties.  相似文献   

3种低相对分子质量有机酸对土壤中DDT的解吸     

李宛泽  谢文明  江涛  安丽华 《吉林林学院学报》2009,(6):551-553

选择不同质量浓度（3.4～2000 mg/L）的有机酸做土壤中的滴滴涕（DDT）解吸实验.结果表明：在质量浓度为3.4 mg/L时柠檬酸和苹果酸对土壤中DDT的解析率达到4.6%和3.5%,并且盐碱土中DDT的解析率要高于草甸土中的解析率.植物生长过程中根系会释放根系分泌物,这些根系分泌物会增加对土壤中有机污染物的净化,这是一种有长远利用价值的土壤净化方式.  相似文献   

污染土壤中六六六和DDT在温室中的分布特征及动态变化研究     

韩宝禄  薛南冬  李发生  周玲莉  杨兵  龚道新  燕云仲 《农业环境科学学报》2012,31(9):1739-1744

应用PUF材料空气被动采样技术,研究了密闭温室条件下污染土壤中有机氯农药[DDT和六六六(HCH)]含量的动态变化及其向空气中扩散的规律。结果表明:土壤中∑HCHs和∑DDTs总量随着培养时间的延长而降低;空气中HCH和DDT浓度在20d时达到峰值,20d以后浓度逐渐降低。培养60d后,土壤中∑HCHs的浓度随土层深度增加而增加,0~2cm土层中∑HCHs的浓度(9.4±0.69)mg·kg-1显著低于6~8cm土层中的浓度(12.11±0.83)mg·kg-1;∑DDTs在土壤中浓度随土壤层次呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。在温室条件下有机氯农药的异构体和降解产物的组成也发生一定变化,土壤中HCHs和DDTs在一定程度上被激活,温室条件也可能促进HCHs和DDTs的土-气交换过程;温室环境促进了p,p′-DDT和o,p′-DDT向p,p′-DDD和p,p′-DDE转化,从而增大DDT和HCH的环境风险。  相似文献   

高纯度o,p-DDT的合成     

折冬梅  黄啟良  李凤敏  曲文岩  林德杰  陈大舟  李重九 《核农学报》2010,24(4):868-871

为提高稳定同位素利用率和产物的化学纯度,对DDT的合成方法进行了改进:利用浓硫酸及发烟硫酸混合催化的方法,直接使用水合三氯乙醛为原料,经低温长时间反应,半微量合成纯度高于98%的O,P-DDT。以碳酸钡计,DDT合成收率为17.1%。该方法可用于DDT的稳定同位素标记合成。  相似文献   

油料作物和粮食作物种子中有机氯农药残留分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏峰 《土壤》2008,40(4):647-652

为了调查作物种子中有机氯残留的现状和种子脂质含量与种子中有机氯残留的关系,本文通过GC-ECD对某农产品基地的油料作物花生、大豆、芝麻和粮食作物水稻、小麦、玉米种子中有机氯农药残留进行了分析.结果表明,对照WHO/FAO标准,6种作物种子中的滴滴涕(DDT)和六六六(HCH)残留均不超标;总DDT的残留范围是3.8～10.3 ng/g,残留顺序是花生>芝麻>大豆>玉米>小麦>水稻;总HCH的残留范围是4.3～10.7 ng/g,残留顺序是花生>玉米>芝麻>大豆>小麦>水稻.3种油料作物种子中的总DDT残留浓度显著高于3种粮食作物种子中的残留浓度,种子中的总DDT残留浓度与种子脂质含量的对数显著正相关.  相似文献   

Intake of DDT Residues from Selected Meats of the Aragonese (NE Spain) Diet     

Regina Lzaro  Antonio Herrera  Susana Bayarri  Pilar Conchello  Agustín Ario 《Pest management science》1997,50(2):145-147

  相似文献   

福建沿海地区可食性海洋贝、藻类体中HCH、DDT的分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶江雷  弓振斌  金贵娥  梁婧 《福建水产》2012,34(6)

本文以缢蛏、牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔、坛紫菜和海带等5种可食性海洋贝类和藻类为对象,研究了采自于2007年元月福建沿海宁德、福州、莆田、泉州、厦门、漳州等地区样品中HCH、DDT的环境分布特征。不同品种的海洋贝类和藻类中HCH和DDT的含量水平较低;个别地区仍存在HCH和DDT新污染源;不同地区和品种之间HCH和DDT含量的差异不大,呈现典型的非点源污染特征。  相似文献   

The pyrethroid resistance status and mechanisms in Aedes aegypti from the Guerrero state,Mexico     

H. Angélica Aponte  R. Patricia Penilla  Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla  Azael Che-Mendoza  Alma D. López  Francisco Solis  Pablo Manrique-Saide  Hilary Ranson  Audrey Lenhart  Philip J. McCall  Américo D. Rodríguez 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2013

Dengue is one of the most important vector-borne diseases worldwide and is a public health problem in Mexico. Most programs in dengue endemic countries rely on insecticides for Aedes control. In Mexico, pyrethroid insecticides (mainly permethrin and deltamethrin) have been extensively used over a decade as adulticides and represented a strong selection for insecticide resistance for dengue vectors in several parts of the country. We studied the type, frequency and distribution of insecticide resistance mechanisms in Aedes aegypti from six municipalities in the state of Guerrero selected on the basis of historically intense chemical control and a high risk for dengue transmission. Ae. aegypti eggs were collected from October 2009 to January 2010 using ovitraps. F₁ adults, emerged from these collections, were exposed to permethrin, deltamethrin and DDT in WHO diagnostic tests and showed high resistance levels to both pyrethroids and DDT. This was consistent with the presence of increased metabolic enzyme activities and target site insensitivity due to kdr mutations. Biochemical assays showed elevated esterase and glutathione S-transferase activities in the six municipalities. The V1016I kdr mutation on the IIS6 domain of the sodium channel gene was present in an overall frequency of 0.80. A second mutation, F1534C on the IIIS6 domain of the same gene was also detected, being the first report of this mutation in Guerrero. The multiple resistance mechanisms present in Ae. aegypti from Guerrero state represent a warning for the efficacy of the pyrethroid usage and consequently for the success of the dengue control program.  相似文献