Reproduction Management of Herds/Flocks of Exotic Animals: Investigating Breeding Failures in Birds,Reptiles, and Small Mammals     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2021,24(3):661-695

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波尔山羊胚胎数量、质量与受体移植妊娠率的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张红  李键  马保华  邓小东  王波 《四川畜牧兽医》2001,28(11):25-25,27

本文就波尔山羊胚胎数量，质量与受体移植妊娠率的关系进行了探讨。结果表明：胚胎质量优劣是直接影响胚胎移植成功率的关键因素。移植胚胎数量因品种不同有差异。移植双胚，奶山羊受体胚胎成羔率53．4％，明显高于成都麻羊胚胎成羔率36．3％，成都麻羊单胚成羔率为66．7％。  相似文献   

Genetic Engineering Approaches to Pig Production*     

B. Brenig  G. Brem 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1991,26(1):14-21

Modern biotechnology promises a number of new applications in animal breeding and production. Although conventional pig breeding has achieved a high level of efficiency and productivity numerous problems have been encountered with animal health and the loss of meat quality. Selection based on phenotypic performance data of individual animals does not take into account the importance of specific genes and their relevance within a complex regulatory system. In most cases it is therefore difficult to trace back the genetic origins of clinically important disorders. The application of genetic engineering techniques in pig production will facilitate diagnosis, improvement of productivity, and animal health by allowing direct genetic manipulation. Attention must be focussed on the physical and genetic analysis of the procine genome. The isolation and characterisation of genes, DNA-markers, polymorphic DNA-fragments, and their chromosomal assignment will be important prerequisites and tools for the elucidation of genetic disorders. Especially the detection of heterozygous carriers of recessive disorders and their elimination from the breeding stock will increase selection accuracy and decrease the generation intervals. But also the rapid and simple detection of infectious diseases, which is sometimes difficult if not impossible at present, will improve animal health and welfare. Although the production of transgenic animals either by DNA-microinjection into zygotes or the use of embryonal stem cells manipulated in vitro is less straightforward than DNA-based diagnosis it will play an important role in the direct manipulation of the porcine genome and genes. Breeding programmes including the use of transgenic livestock have already been developed. There is no doubt that genetic engineering has reached a degree of practical feasibility, allowing it to play an important role in pig breeding in particular and animal production in general.  相似文献   

烟台市奶牛业现状调查与发展对策     

王敏强  王春宁  李猛  孙明川  滕学胜 《中国牛业科学》2003,29(4):55-58

烟台市奶牛业在改革开放以后，特别是在过去6～7年内有了较快发展，奶牛头数由1978年的不足500头发展到2001年的27000头，牛奶产量达87320t。人均年消费牛奶13．5kg。对烟台市三个奶牛场和三个奶农户抽样调查，5月中下旬奶牛日平均产奶量为24kg，年单产约在6000kg左右，与京、津、沪大型奶牛场的7000kg至9000kg有一定差距，杂交改良牛年单产依杂交改良代数和饲养管理水平不同，约在1500～4000kg。存在的主要问题是奶牛总存栏量少，育种体制不健全，饲料配合欠科学，个体户缺乏组织，产、加、销没有形成在市场经济条件下的利益共同体等。鉴此，应利用现代生物技术，加快现有品种改良，提高奶产业的产、加、销科学组织化程度，创立烟台品牌乳品加工企业等，使烟台市奶牛业向优质、高产、高效方向发展。  相似文献   

大通县城奶牛乳样中葡萄球菌的分离与鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卫兰  张迎春 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2004,34(1):15-16

通过细菌分离培养法对大通县城奶牛乳汁样品36份进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离，并采用金黄色葡萄球菌常规鉴定方法血浆凝固酶试验、甘露醇发酵试验和接触酶试验进行了鉴定，36份乳样中检出金黄色葡萄球菌阳性7份，阳性率为19．7％(7／36)。  相似文献   

散养成乳牛舍环境测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高腾云  史庆生 《家畜生态》1994,15(1):1-5

以一栋散养成乳牛舍为对象，系统地测定了舍内外的气温、气湿、风速、辐射强度、黑体温度及屋顶热流量。结果表明：从６月１日—９月１０日，舍内旬均气温都在２３．４３℃以上，舍内１４：００气温旬均值都在２８℃以上，舍内旬均ＴＨＩ都超过７１．７１；屋顶热流量曲线的斜率很大、峰值出现于１４：００，并且与舍外黑体温度呈高度的正相关；舍内与舍外的黑体温度、辐射强度分别呈中等以上的正相关；冬季舍内寒冷，同时受舍外气流影响大。笔者认为，通过增加牛舍高度、先用高热阻屋面材料和冬季防风可望改进此类牛舍的环境。  相似文献   

Estimation of daily and total lactation milk yield of Chios ewes from single morning or evening records     

Z. Basdagianni  G. Banos  Z. Abas  G.E. Valergakis 《Livestock Production Science》2005,92(1):59-68

Linear models were developed and evaluated for the estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield of dairy sheep from single morning (am) or evening (pm) milking records. A total of 22,908 individual test-day milk records of 5110 ewes of the Chios breed, raised in 46 flocks, were used. Depending on the model, different daily milk yield estimates were derived for each ewe, accounting for lactation number, stage of lactation, season of previous lambing and interval between successive milkings. Daily milk yield was also estimated from doubling the single am or pm record. Actual and estimated yields were compared using root mean square errors (RMSEs), mean absolute differences, an accuracy parameter defined as the ratio of the actual yield variance over the sum of the variances of actual yield and absolute difference, and the product moment correlation between estimated and actual yield. Results were validated on independent datasets. Linear models resulted in less biased and more accurate estimates of the daily milk yield than simply doubling the am or pm record. Root mean square errors decreased by 7-37% and the mean absolute difference was reduced by 1-4% of the average daily yield. Higher accuracy and correlation were obtained from linear model application than doubling. Total lactation milk yield was predicted based on actual daily yield and compared to predictions based on estimated daily yield from am or pm records, as well as directly on single milking records. Root mean square errors obtained when daily yield had been estimated with linear models were 26-35% lower compared to doubling the am or pm yield and 0-13% lower compared to estimating the total lactation yield directly from single milking records. Linear model application also resulted in lower mean absolute difference and higher accuracy and correlation than doubling the am or pm record. Recording the yield of a single milking (am or pm) instead of both can benefit milk recording by reducing its cost and increasing farmer participation. In this context, linear models developed in the present study can be used for the accurate estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield from single milking records.  相似文献   

日粮纤维及其对幼龄单胃动物消化功能的影响     

江霞  李彦  许梓荣 《中国饲料》2005,(9):26-28

日粮纤维能提供大量的能量,而且有利于维持动物机体的正常消化功能。本文综述了日粮纤维的代谢及对幼龄单胃动物消化功能的影响。  相似文献   

兽用抗寄生虫药物新剂型及其新技术的研究进展   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

符华林 《中国兽药杂志》2004,38(3):38-42

兽用抗寄生虫药物由于使用频繁,其给药技术研究一直备受重视.目前,兽用抗寄生虫药物新剂型和新技术的研究主要集中在缓释控释制剂和脂质体制剂,其次是透皮给药系统、微囊、微球、环糊精包合物、固体分散体等.但这些新剂型和新技术大多还处于研究阶段,在处方设计或制剂工艺方面都还存在一些问题,今后应加强这些新剂型的工艺和技术研究,以真正发挥这些新剂型的优点.  相似文献   

荷斯坦奶牛隐性乳房炎与乳用特征的相关性分析     

程郁昕  方必春  高士宝  薛飞  洪斌 《中国草食动物》2005,25(1):11-14

随机抽取荷斯坦奶牛 472头 (1～ 11胎 )进行奶牛隐性乳房炎的检测 ,乳用特征性状 (楞角性、尻宽、尻角度、后肢侧视、蹄角度 )的线性评定 ,以及隐性乳房炎与乳用特征的相关性分析。结果表明 :奶牛隐性乳房炎的乳区阳性率与楞角性、尻宽、尻角度、后肢侧视、蹄角度的相关系数分别为 0 1171、0 10 3 0、0 0 681、0 0 180、-0 12 65 ,其中与楞角性、尻宽分别达到显著水平 (P <0 0 5 )的正相关 ,与蹄角度达极显著 (P <0 0 1)的负相关。奶牛阳性率与楞角性、尻宽、尻角度、后肢侧视、蹄角度的相关系数分别为 0 0 967、0 0 5 61、0 0 2 82、0 0 12 7和 -0 0 670 ,其中除与楞角性为显著水平 (P <0 0 5 )的正相关 (0 0 967)外 ,其余均不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。  相似文献