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Sex type determination in papaya (Carica papaya L.) is very important for crop improvement processes because it accelerates the identification of the fruitful plants. The
use of molecular technology provides a quick and reliable identification of sex types in plantlets growing in seedbeds. Random
amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to determine the sex types of Colombian cultivars of dioecious papaya genotypes.
This species has three sex types (male, female and hermaphrodite) determined by a multiallelic locus. There are no morphological
differences at the chromosome level; therefore the identification of sex types by chromosomal dimorphism is not possible.
A RAPD marker of 900 bp was found in male plants, but not in females or hermaphrodites. From this RAPD marker a sequence characterized
amplified region (SCAR) was developed and it was possible to amplify fragments from the genomes of male and hermaphrodite
plants, but not the female ones. The results indicate that this new SCAR marker will be valuable to determine the sex type
of papaya plants. 相似文献
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为了比较软枣猕猴桃雌雄株间光合特性差异,以野生软枣猕猴桃成龄雌雄株为试材,利用CI-340便携式光合测定仪测定了光合特性。结果表明：软枣猕猴桃雌株的净光合速率日变化曲线为双峰型,而雄株为三峰型,雌雄株均出现“午睡”现象;软枣猕猴桃雌株蒸腾速率日变化曲线是单峰型,而雄株为双峰型,雌雄株“午睡”现象不太明显;雌株气孔导度日变化曲线为双峰型,而雄株为三峰型;雌雄株细胞间隙CO2浓度日变化曲线趋势基本一致,均出现3次高峰,但出现的时间和峰值具有显著差异;雌雄株叶面温度日变化均为双峰型,但高峰出现的时间和峰值均有较显著差异。软枣猕猴桃雌雄株间光和特性日变化在趋势和数值上均具有显著差异,可以作为性别鉴定的有效方法。 相似文献
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芦笋性染色体的细胞学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用去壁低渗法,对芦笋的茎尖的核型进行了研究,结果表明,芦笋的性别决定方式为XY型,雄株为XY,其核型公式为2n=2x=20=13m(2SAT)+7sm(SAT);雌株为XX,其核型公式2n=2x=20=12m(2SAT)+8sm;核型类型为2B型,属于较原始的类型。对芦笋花粉母细胞的减数分裂过程进行观察,发现存在1对不能完全配对的二价体,并且染色体在由前Ⅰ期向中Ⅰ期转变过程中,可以看到1对提前分离的染色体。确定了芦笋的性别决定方式属于异型XY型性别决定方式。 相似文献
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Maarika Alaru Liia KukkJüri Olt Andres MenindRuth Lauk Elis VollmerAlar Astover 《Field Crops Research》2011,124(3):332-339
Fibre hemp and energy sunflower are potential energy crops for production of solid biomass as renewable energy. The current study estimated (i) the lignin content of fibre hemp and energy sunflower plants grown on different nitrogen treatments and (ii) the quality of the briquettes made from different plant types of fibre hemp (i.e. monoecious and dioecious), energy sunflower and the combination of fibre hemp and energy sunflower. The monoecious and dioecious fibre hemp cultivars (Chameleon, Finola and Santhica-27, USO-31, respectively) and the energy sunflower cultivar Wielkopolski were grown in the experimental field in 2008-2010 on Stagnic Luvisol soil. The plants were grown on N treatments of N0, mineral nitrogen (100 kg N ha−1), cattle slurry (100 kg N ha−1), sewage sludge (100 kg N ha−1) and vetch (100 kg N ha−1). Calorific values (16.6-17.4 MJ kg−1) of briquettes pressed from different materials did not differ significantly and had relatively low sulphur (<0.05%) and chlorine content (0.03-0.37%). Briquettes with higher compactness were made from the sunflower and the dioecious hemp. Dioecious hemp had significantly higher lignin content. The dioecious hemp needs lower GDD values for maturating, its stems lignin content was higher than of monoecious hemp by harvest time and therefore this plant type is more suitable for briquetting in Nordic climatic conditions. Comparison of the different N treatments indicated that application of sewage sludge decreased the emergence and density of the fibre hemp plants and the lignin content per kg of DM. 相似文献
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All cycads are strictly dioecious with a long juvenile stage. Currently, there is no method available to determine the sexuality of seedlings prior to the onset of cone formation. This study aimed to develop a sex specific Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker for Encephalartos natalensis. Initially, 140 primers were used to amplify the bulk DNA of five individuals each of known male and female sexuality. While a high degree of polymorphism was observed in the amplification profiles of male and female plants, only primer OPD-20 generated a specific band (∼850 bp) in female DNA. To validate this observation, this primer was re-tested with 69 individuals of E. natalensis. The 850 bp DNA band was present in all 38 female individuals tested and it was consistently absent in all 31 male plants tested. The result offers a rapid and simple test to determine sexuality of E. natalensis seedlings at early stages of development, before the onset of reproductive maturity thereby saving time and economic resources when cultivating these specimens.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available to authorised users in the online version of this article at . 相似文献
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野牛草雌雄单性植株对水分胁迫反应的差异 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以野牛草雌性和雄性植株为试材,在营养生长阶段进行了八个周期的干旱处理。用压力室法测定了最后三个周期水分胁迫高峰时的植株水势;用电导法测定了胁迫高峰和解除胁迫后1～4小时的叶片和高温处理未经水分胁迫锻炼的叶片的电解质外渗率。水势和电导率测定都表明雄株比雌株具有更强的保水能力。不同性别间营养枝的形态、叶片解剖结构及生长量没有显著差异。结果表明营养生长阶段性别间对水分胁迫的生理耐受性存在差异。 相似文献
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Rumex rothschildianus (Polygonaceae) is a small dioecious annual endemic to the central coastal plain of Israel. This very rare sorrel is on the verge of global extinction, as its total gene pool consists of two surviving populations only: one small and the other relatively large and flourishing. The other ten populations of this species recorded during the 20th century (all in Israel) are now extinct. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to evaluate the population genetic structure of the two remaining populations. Genetic diversity in R. rothschildianus was H=0.17 with 48.9% polymorphic loci. Gene flow values suggest that the differentiation between the two populations is moderate (mean Fst=0.09). Considering these genetic data, two conservation management strategies should be applied: (1) Large scale reseeding in a neighbouring nature reserve to maintain the genetic diversity detected in this study. Seeds from diverse sources should be used for repeated reseedings in order to prevent the reintroduced populations from going through a genetic bottleneck or suffering genetic drift. (2) To maintain the genetic diversity in the two remaining wild populations, and to avoid risks such as possible outbreeding depression, only intrapopulation reinforcement should be considered. These populations should be carefully monitored and protected. 相似文献
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