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Within aquaculture, genetic engineering (GE) is emerging as a powerful method for breeding of fish and shellfish, and for developing alternative sources of feed and vaccines to combat diseases. On the other hand, the use of GE in aquaculture raises ecological, ethical and economic concerns. For instance, genetically modified (GM) feed could be spread to the aquatic environment and consumed by other marine organisms, and horizontal gene transfer may conceivably occur from DNA in feed or vaccines to a recipient genome or by faeces to the environment. Numerous reports have described beneficial effects such as viral disease resistance following DNA vaccination. However, side effects, such as activation of other genes than those which are central in immune defence mechanisms, may occur and warrant further investigations. In order to achieve sustainable introduction of GE, it is crucial that appropriate scientific investigations and ethical considerations are done prior to large-scale introduction of GE products such as DNA/GE vaccines and GM feed in commercial fish farming. This may result in a solid basis for the avoidance of potentially undesirable health and environmental effects. If GE can help make aquaculture a sustainable industry, this opens the possibility of positive market and consumer responses. This can best be achieved by involving the stakeholders from the conceptual stage to the commercial stage by facilitating a transparent process whose purpose is to inform research, to identify decision stakes, and to influence design, adoption and implementation of pro-active policy. 相似文献
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Flocerfida Pagador Aquino Krystel Grace Vergara Lerma Cajuigan Ocampo Eufrocina dela Pena Atabay 《农业科学与技术》2014,(2):169-176
Due to the small volume of goat semen ejaculate, just a few doses of goat semen were produced when the sperm concentration is 100 × 10^/mL. The study was aimed to determine the viability of extended goat semen at refrigerated condition at 5 ℃ using varying sperm concentrations and evaluated if sperm concentration lower than 100 × 10^6/mL would affect the motility, viability and sperm morphology at refrigerated condition. Using an artificial vagina, ejaculated goat semen was collected from goat semen donor aged 1.5 year. Physical evaluation of the collected semen showed an average volume of 0.54 mL, mean pH of 6.8 and a milky white color with thick consistency indicative of high concentration. Fresh goat semen had an initial average of 76% with an average initial sperm concentration of 128 × 10^/mL. The semen was divided into four treatments： sperm concentration of 100× 10^/mL, 75 × 10^/mL, 50 × 10^/mL and 25 × 10^/mL, and were stored at 5 ℃ for a period of 10 d. The semen evaluation was performed for each of the four treatments every other day. Results showed that the sperm concentration of spermatozoa affected the duration of storage based on the sperm motility percentage, viability and morphology of spermatozoa. The extended goat semen with sperm concentration of 25 and 50 million sperm/mL is optimal for storage within 6 d that gave satisfactory percentage motile, viable and morphologically normal spermatozoa. 相似文献
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The Extended Kalman Filter Data Fusion Algorithm Based on Discrete Stationary Wavelet Transformation
It is difficult to establish precise mathematical model in extended Kalman filter data fusion algorithm for GPS/ DR integrated vehicle navigation system, an improved extended Kalman filter data fusion algorithm is put forward based on Discrete stationary wavelet transformation. The simulation results show that the algorithm is better than the extended Kalman filter data fusion algorithm, and is available for GPS/DR integrated vehicle navigation system. 相似文献
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李凌 《北京农业职业学院学报》2019,33(6):74-80
德国延伸式满师考试(GestreckteGesellenprüfung)是 2005年德国新修改的《联邦职业教育法》生效后出现的新型考试方式。考试合格的学员获得工商业协会和手工业协会的满师证书。满师考试由行会负责,对符合条件的学生开展,在考试结构、形式题型、组织过程等方面做出了严格规定;满师考试具有考试内容综合性、真实性,考试组织独立性,注重过程性评价与结果性评价相结合等特点。该制度对提升我国职业院校考试改革的启示在于,毕业考试的评价方式从学校主导到行业主导,制定相对统一的考试标准、围绕工作过程的综合性的考试内容,采用多样化的职业教育考试形式与方法等。 相似文献
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Lee T. Hickey Mark J. Dieters Ian H. DeLacy Olena Y. Kravchuk Daryl J. Mares Phillip M. Banks 《Euphytica》2009,168(3):303-310
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can be a significant problem, causing deleterious effects on grain quality. However, the adverse impacts of PHS can be
reduced by introgressing genes controlling grain dormancy into white-grained bread wheat. Screening for grain dormancy typically
involves germination testing of harvest-ripe grain grown in a glasshouse or field. However, the more uniform environmental
conditions provided by temperature controlled glasshouses (i.e. controlled environmental conditions—CEC) may provide significant
benefits for the assessment of grain dormancy. In this study, the dormancy phenotype of grain grown under CEC incorporating
an extended photoperiod, was compared with 2 years of data from field grown material. Four dormant double haploid lines (derived
from SW95-50213 and AUS1408) and two locally adapted non-dormant cultivars EGA Gregory and EGA Wills were compared in three
replicated experiments grown under CEC (22 ± 3°C and 24 h photoperiod). The germination response of harvest-ripe grain was
examined to assess the expression of grain dormancy. Two measures of germination, the predicted time to 50% germination (G
50) and a weighted germination index, both clearly differentiated dormant and non-dormant lines grown under CEC. In addition,
levels of grain dormancy were similar to field-grown plants. These results demonstrated that CEC with an extended photoperiod
can be used for rapid and reliable characterisation of grain dormancy in fixed lines of bread wheat. 相似文献
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Apasee Naksuk David A. Sabatini Chantra Tongcumpou 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(2):194-198
This study introduces a novel technique using surfactant microemulsion-based oil seed extraction. To achieve this objective, microemulsion formation with palm kernel oil was studied first. Then, the selected microemulsion system was used for palm kernel extraction. The results showed that the mixed surfactant of 3 wt% Comperlan KD and either 0.1 wt% Alfoterra145-5PO or 145-8PO provided an ultralow interfacial tension with the palm kernel oil (0.0197 and 0.0359 mN/m, respectively). By using those two aqueous surfactant systems for palm kernel oil extraction, the extraction efficiency was 93.99 and 94.13% at the optimum crushed kernel size between 0.212 and 0.425 mm, using 1 g seed load to 10 ml of solution and 30 min of contact time. The extracted oil quality was evaluated for water content, fatty acids composition and surfactant partitioning into oil phase. The results showed that the quality of the oil obtained using the surfactant microemulsion-based technique is of similar or better quality than when extracted by hexane solvent. 相似文献
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为提高直驱式AMT换挡品质的稳定性,针对2自由度电磁执行器的特性引入逆系统控制方法。阐述了执行器的结构及工作原理,通过建模分析了执行器参数耦合现象,执行器静态特性测试表明其输出特性具有非线性的特点。引入逆系统方法并分析系统的可逆性,建立执行器的伪线性系统并根据线性系统理论设计状态反馈控制器。扩张状态观测器的引入提高了系统在摩擦阻力时变条件下的输出特性稳定性。仿真与试验结果表明,基于逆系统方法的换挡控制受参数变化影响小,位移控制精度较高,执行器输出特性较为稳定,基于逆系统方法的直驱式AMT换挡性能较为突出,有利于提升AMT竞争力。 相似文献
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但碧霞 《农业图书情报学刊》2012,24(8):122-125
从服务资源与环境建设、基础服务形式、服务体系管理与创新等方面分析了华南师范大学图书馆的服务现状,从时间上、空间上、内容上剖析了华南师范大学图书馆的延伸服务,提出了创新图书馆服务模式,完善华南师范大学图书馆服务体系的具体措施。 相似文献