用生态经济型植物控制豚草的"绿色污染"   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

周早弘  舒洪岚 《江西林业科技》2004,(1):37-39

豚草是一种严重危害农业生产、人体健康和生物环境的恶性杂草，是一种典型的“绿色污染”。根据群落演替规律，采用具有生态和经济功能的树种创造不利豚草生长的环境，人为创建多物种和谐共存的植物群落，能降低豚草的种群优势，使单一种群优势转变为良性演替的生态系统。  相似文献   

Societal expectations of livestock farming in relation to environmental effects in Europe     

J.A. Milne 《Livestock Production Science》2005,96(1):3-9

The potential environmental effects of livestock farming are mainly associated with intensification of poultry, pig and dairy cow production systems. The major impacts are mainly caused by housing of livestock, which can lead to air and water pollution associated with nitrogen and phosphorus emissions and losses from manure. European countries regulate the potential for these types of pollution through a number of mechanisms, which have received wide public acceptance. In grazing systems, nitrogen pollution, associated with the use of nitrogen fertilizer, is also the subject of legislation. Perhaps because of this regulatory approach, surveys of the public have found that human food quality and animal welfare are more important issues than effects on air and water quality when considering livestock systems.Variation in stocking rates of grazing ruminants can change the structure and composition of pastures with potential impacts on biodiversity and the production of methane, a greenhouse gas. In European countries, maximum stocking rates have been set to reduce these impacts. Surveys of the European public have suggested that they are willing to pay for the mitigation of these environmental effects but that they also value strongly the cultural component of grazed livestock systems. There are few underlying concepts about how society views the environmental impacts of livestock systems. These are used to conclude that current attitudes are likely to prevail in the next decade.  相似文献   

西吉县农用地膜应用污染现状及对策     

马兴华  王攀峰 《青海农林科技》2014,(3):94-95

本文就西吉县农用地膜的应用现状和污染现状进行了分析,并就这一现状提出了促进旱作农业可持续发展的对策措施。  相似文献   

Effect of Partial Replacement of Steam Rolled Corn With Soybean Hulls or Prickly Pear Cactus in the Horse's Diet in the Presence of Live Saccharomyces cerevisiae on In Vitro Fecal Gas Production     

《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2016

The aim of the study was to evaluate the fecal fermentation of partial replacing steam rolled corn with soybean hulls (SH) or prickly pear cactus (PC) as energy source in horse diets, in the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Steam rolled corn was replaced with SH at 0% (control), 7.5% (SH75), and 15% (SH150) in the first trial, whereas it was replaced with PC at 0% (control; the same of the first trial), 7.5% (PC75), and 15% (PC150) in the second trial. Yeast of S. cerevisiae was added at 0, 2, and 4 mg/g dry matter (DM) of incubated substrates. Fecal inoculum was obtained from four adult English Thoroughbred horses fed on an amount of commercial concentrate and oat hay ad libitum. Interactions observed between PC rations and yeast doses for the asymptotic gas production (GP), the rate of GP and carbon dioxide (CO₂) production during some incubation hours. Moreover, with no effect due to SH rations (P > .05), increased (P < .05) rate of GP was observed with the ration PC75 compared with other rations. Besides, PC75 and PC150 rations with 0 mg yeast/g DM linearly decreased (P < .05) CO₂ production at some incubation hours. However, SH75 and SH150 ration had increased (P = .005) DM degradability (DMD). Yeast addition at 2 mg/g DM increased the asymptotic GP (P = .048) with the SH75 and PC150 rations. The level of 4 mg yeast/g DM increased the asymptotic GP (P = .048) from the SH150 ration. Yeast addition at 2 and 4 mg/g DM increased (P < .05) ​the asymptotic GP from PC75 and PC150 rations, respectively, with increasing DMD with the both doses. Yeast addition increased (P < .05) CO₂ production from SH75, SH150, PC75, and PC150 rations. It could be concluded that SH and PC can replace steam rolled corn at levels of 7.5% to 15% without negative effect of fermentation kinetics and with better fermentation performance in the presence of yeast at 2 mg/g DM of substrates.  相似文献   

Managing the Health of Captive Groups of Reptiles and Amphibians     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2021,24(3):609-645

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Accuracy of a Mouse Bioassay for the Diagnosis of Botulism in Horses          下载免费PDF全文

A.L. Johnson  S.C. McAdams‐Gallagher  H. Aceto 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(4):1293-1299

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渭南市种植业面源污染现状、防治难点及对策建议     

张俊丽  雷建新  赵晓进  安小玲  薛菁  拜翊莎  陈金丽  杨圆圆  李杨 《农学学报》2020,10(9):29-32

掌握面源污染现状是进行污染防治的前提。本研究概述了渭南市种植业面源污染的现状,指出化肥施用高量低效并存、农药包装物污染、残膜污染持续以及秸秆综合利用衍生问题突出,是当前种植业面源污染亟待解决的问题,然后结合防治难点,从宣传普及、强化监测、健全法规、资金保障以及做好技术研发和推广等角度提出了较系统的防治对策和建议。  相似文献   

西藏高原主要麦类作物真菌毒素污染与产毒真菌分布研究     

魏娜  岳晓凤  余秋玉  张飞龙 《麦类作物学报》2020,40(4):510-516

为探明西藏麦类作物中真菌毒素污染程度及产毒真菌种类与分布,以青稞、小麦为研究对象,对其籽粒中多种毒素进行分析,并对毒素污染阳性样品进行真菌分离鉴定。结果表明,2018年毒素总检出率为20.13%;杂色曲霉毒素检出率最高,为10.74%;OTA超标率最高,为3.36%;小麦的毒素检出率和超标率都高于青稞,二者的污染毒素种类以OTA、ZEN、ST为主。西藏高原42份被真菌毒素污染的农作物籽粒中共分离到199份真菌,分属23属67种真菌,青霉属为优势属,曲霉属次之。  相似文献   

磺酰脲类除草剂的应用及检测方法     

王志恒  赵义良  宋瑞 《现代农业科技》2020,(23)

磺酰脲类除草剂是上世纪80年代美国杜邦公司研发出来的一种除草剂,其具有高效、广谱、低毒、高选择性等优点,因此,一经问世就得到了广泛应用。但是,由其引起的土壤、地下水污染问题而饱受诟病。有些磺酰脲除草剂难以降解,可对环境造成持续的污染,更有甚者,农作物也会因此而造成农残超标。因此,磺酰脲类除草剂在环境、农产品中的残留问题及和检测技术研究进展值得我们关注。  相似文献   

高州水库集水区内污染源污染负荷研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周文婷  邵瑞华  马千里  赵学敏  王丽  许振成  曾海龙 《水生态学杂志》2017,38(3):23-31

为探究高州水库集水区内污染状况,根据2008年污染源的调查结果,利用排污系数法和输出系数法,结合现场资料调查分别对该地区点源和非点源污染负荷(COD、NH3-N、TN、TP)进行估算,并应用地理信息系统(GIS)技术对集水区内污染源空间分布特征及来源构成进行分析。研究结果表明,高州水库集水区内COD、NH3-N、TN、TP污染物输出总量分别为8192.83、394.13、1137.38、94.29 t/a,其中非点源污染COD、NH3-N、TN、TP输出量为7114.79、336.91、1060.21、88.08 t/a,占污染物输出总量的比例分别为87%、85%、93%、93%。COD、TN和TP均以农林种植源排放为主,占总输出量的比例分别为50%、52%、50%。NH3-N以农村生活源排放为主,占总输出量的比例为63%。在空间分布上,每年不同乡镇单位面积COD负荷强度为47.08~144.63 kg.hm-2,NH3-N负荷强度2.43~5.24 kg.hm-2,TN负荷强度6.70~20.34 kg.hm-2;TP负荷强度0.60~1.73 kg.hm-2,其中以临近库区的平山镇COD、NH3-N、TN、TP污染负荷强度均最高。在来源构成上,集水区各镇COD、NH3-N、TN、TP污染负荷的70%~94%来源于非点源。因此,为保护高州水库水环境,应将集水区内非点源(农村生活、散养畜禽、农林种植)作为重点控制源,同时根据其空间分布特征进行分区防治,重点防治控制区为平山镇。  相似文献