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葡萄座腔菌属及其相关真菌的系统学研究进展 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
真菌葡萄座腔菌属无论是在病理学研究还是系统学研究中都占有十分重要的地位,目前已经收录了约20个种。文章综述了国内外对葡萄座腔菌属的系统学研究现状,重点阐述了国际上两个重要研究结果:Botryosphaeria dothidea的无性型是Fusicoccum aesculi,而不是Dothiorella gregaria;B.dothidea和B.ribis是截然不同的分类学种。通过分析国内外研究水平的差距,讨论了今后我国重点研究的方向。 相似文献
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大果沙棘溃疡病病原菌的鉴定及生物学特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对大果沙棘溃疡病的症状、病原菌形态学特征、致病性测定以及生物学特性进行了研究。根据病原菌的形态特征鉴定为壳梭孢属葡萄生壳梭孢(Fusicoccum viticolum)。室内外的回接试验结果表明,壳梭孢菌是大果沙棘溃疡病的病原菌。通过生物学特性研究,壳梭孢菌生长的适宜温度为25~28℃,最佳为25℃,最佳pH值为7.5,全光照条件下生长速度较快,生长的最佳碳源为蔗糖,最佳氮源为牛肉膏。 相似文献
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对车前草穗枯病菌菌丝生长条件和人工诱导产孢进行系列试验,结果表明菌丝生长适宜温度15~30℃,最适25℃;适宜pH值4.01~7.02,最适4.98;不同碳源对菌丝生长有一定影响,以蔗糖最佳;光照对菌丝生长影响不大。产孢试验表明,PDA及其他各种培养基上不能产生子座、分生孢子器和分生孢子,采用光暗交替、变温处理、紫外线照射和菌丝切割等多种方法也不能产生,而用灭菌的车前草叶片和穗轴接种培养,便可获得成功产孢,但产生的子座比自然病株上的明显偏大,分生孢子器及分生孢子则差异不明显。 相似文献
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S. F. Chen D. Pavlic J. Roux B. Slippers Y. J. Xie M. J. Wingfield X. D. Zhou 《Plant pathology》2011,60(4):739-751
The Botryosphaeriaceae is a species‐rich family that includes pathogens of a wide variety of trees, including Eucalyptus species. Symptoms typical of infection by the Botryosphaeriaceae have recently been observed in Eucalyptus plantations in South China. The aim of this study was to identify the Botryosphaeriaceae associated with these symptoms. Isolates were collected from branch cankers and senescent twigs of different Eucalyptus spp. All isolates resembling Botryosphaeriaceae were separated into groups based on conidial morphology. Initial identifications were made using PCR‐RFLP fingerprinting, by digesting the ITS region of the rDNA operon with the restriction enzymes CfoI and KspI. Furthermore, to distinguish isolates in the Neofusicoccum parvum/N. ribis complex, a locus (BotF15) previously shown to define these species, was amplified and restricted with CfoI. Selected isolates were then identified using comparisons of DNA sequence data for the ITS rDNA and translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (TEF‐1α) gene regions. Based on anamorph morphology and DNA sequence comparisons, five species were identified: Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, L. theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, N. ribis sensu lato and one undescribed taxon, for which the name Fusicoccum fabicercianum sp. nov. is provided. Isolates of all species gave rise to lesions on the stems of an E. grandis clone in a glasshouse inoculation trial and on the stems of five Eucalyptus genotypes inoculated in the field, where L. pseudotheobromae and L. theobromae were most pathogenic. The five Eucalyptus genotypes differed in their susceptibility to the Botryosphaeriaceae species suggesting that breeding and selection offers opportunity for disease avoidance in the future. 相似文献
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车前草穗枯病(Fusicoccum sp.)是江西省吉安县车前草上一种重要病害,主要为害穗部,也能侵害叶片,发病严重时,病株提前枯死,减产90%以上,甚至颗粒无收。田间系统观察的结果表明,病菌以菌丝体和分生孢子附着病株残体上,遗留在田间土表越夏、越冬,次年3~4月车前草抽穗期,气温15~30℃,病菌的分生孢子借风雨传播,落在车前草的叶片和穗部,温、湿度适宜时,萌发侵入为害,引起发病。越冬菌源多,氮肥施用过量,温度24~28℃,雨日多,田间湿度大,有利于此病发生与流行,发病最重,病情指数为42.5。车前草施用生物有机肥+叶面肥的病情指数最低,产量最高。发病初期,喷洒爱苗3000倍液,防治效果最佳,其防效为90.8%。 相似文献
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通过测定不同生长条件对枣树干腐病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响,了解菌株的生物学特性。结果表明:该病菌对蛋白胨培养液的利用效果最好,分别在以蔗糖为碳源的无氮基础培养基和以KNO3为氮源的无糖基础培养基中菌丝生长最快;在27~31℃温度范围内菌丝均能正常生长,以31℃生长最快;光周期对其菌丝生长影响较小,24L和12L/12D条件下均能良好生长;分生孢子萌发的最适温度为30~35℃,最适pH值为6,且只有在液滴中才能萌发,光照对其孢子萌发率的影响较小,但暗培养孢子萌发率大于光照培养。 相似文献
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Botryosphaeria canker of Cistus ladanifer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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本文系统论述了葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not.)及其无性型的系统分类现状.首先概述了Botryosphaeria真菌模式种的建立及无性型分类的演化过程,主要介绍了Botryosphaeria真菌系统分类的一个重要观点:即Botryosphaeria代表了两个不同的系统发育单元的集合,其无性阶段可能分别对应于色二孢属(Diplodia)和壳梭孢属(Fusicoccum).同时介绍了真菌多无性型(pleoanamorphy)、同等无性型(synanamorphs)概念和Fusicoccum真菌座腔壳砖隔孢属(Dichomera)同等无性型的主要特征.分析了一些重要有性型种,如茶藨子葡萄座腔菌(B. dothidea),多主葡萄座腔菌(B. ribis),贝伦格葡萄座腔菌(B. berengeriana),B. parva,B. lutea等之间的系统分类关系,介绍了近年发现的20多个有性与无性型新种.其次介绍了主要的分子系统学研究方法并分析了其在Botryosphaeria真菌系统分类中的应用状况.最后通过分析与国外研究水平的差距,讨论了今后我国重点研究的方向. 相似文献