茄二十八星瓢虫产卵观察     

符真  胡兵  涂小云 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(33):16423-16423

［目的］ 观察茄二十八星瓢虫成虫在实验室自然条件下的产卵情况。［方法］ 在实验室自然条件下,以龙葵叶饲养茄二十八星瓢虫直至雌虫死亡,每天观察产卵情况并记录产卵量,最后对观察结果进行统计分析。［结果］ 茄二十八星瓢虫雌虫的实际产卵天数平均为19.0 d,平均寿命为56.3 d,即实际产卵天数约占其寿命的1/3;其产卵前期平均为6.1 d,最长为13.0 d,最短为3.0 d;其产卵期平均为44.0 d,最长为59.0 d,最短为16.0 d;每雌一生的产卵总数平均为618.0粒,最多为791.0粒,最少为263.0粒,产卵期的平均每天产卵数为14.0粒,按实际产卵天数计算的每天产卵数为32.5粒。茄二十八星瓢虫产卵呈现一定的间歇性,大部分间歇时间为2-3 d,最长间歇时间为10 d。茄二十八星瓢虫在第1、2、3、4周分别平均产卵73.0、120.0、156.6和76.0粒。［结论］ 该研究为茄二十八星瓢虫的田间防治提供了一定的指导依据。  相似文献   

杀虫药剂对茄二十八星瓢虫及瓢虫柄腹姬小蜂的选择毒性   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

李保同  王国红 《农药学学报》2001,3(1):91-93

在室内测定了8种杀虫剂对茄二十八星瓢虫幼虫及其主要天敌瓢虫柄腹姬小蜂的毒力。结果 表明，阿维菌素对茄二十八星瓢虫和瓢虫柄腹姬小蜂具有较高的选择性，氰戊菊酯次之，而氟虫腈等则无选择性，建议在天敌较丰富的季节，优先选用阿维菌素防治茄二十八星瓢虫，氰戊菊酯可与阿维菌素交替使用。  相似文献   

南昌地区瓢虫柄腹姬小蜂生物学特性的研究     

盛金坤  王国红 《中国生物防治》1992,(3)

瓢虫柄腹姬小蜂在南昌室内,5月下旬至12月上旬可繁殖11代,每代需12～46天。该蜂的发育起点温度为5.28℃。有效积温296.85日度。在28℃下,饲以10％蜂蜜,成蜂平均寿命为5.52天,不喂蜂蜜平均约缩短3天。该蜂能寄生28星瓢虫幼虫的各个龄期,但更喜寄生高龄幼虫,以4龄幼虫作寄主,每雌一生能寄生幼虫6.21头,子蜂数平均为74.57头。可行孤雌生殖产雄。在马铃薯上的自然寄生率以6月份最高,平均为28.47％。在龙葵上以7月份最高平均达64.5％。7月中旬由于高温的影响,寄主和寄生蜂的发育受到抑制,寄生率急剧下降。  相似文献   

黄绿绿僵菌对马铃薯瓢虫体内脯活性的影响     

郭艳琼  李友莲 《植物保护》2007,33(3):39-42

对感染黄绿绿僵菌后的马铃薯瓢虫幼虫体内几种酶进行测定，结果表明：黄绿绿僵菌对于马铃薯瓢虫幼虫体内的蛋白质含量、蛋白酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性，都有不同程度的影响，其中对蛋白含量和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的影响较大。  相似文献   

晋中、大同两地马铃薯瓢虫成虫抗药性监测     

张贵森  刘慧芹  李彦蓉  韩巨才  刘慧平 《山西农业科学》2014,42(10):1114-1116

以晋中、大同两地马铃薯二十八星瓢虫成虫为材料,采用药膜法对其成虫种群进行了抗药性监测。结果表明,以LC50值为依据,晋中市成虫种群对药剂的敏感性大小依次为高效氯氟氰菊酯高效氯氰菊酯辛硫磷阿维菌素马拉硫磷,与大同市相对敏感种群相比,晋中市马铃薯二十八星瓢虫成虫种群对马拉硫磷、高效氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯的抗性表现为中等水平,抗性指数分别为10.78,16.47,15.97,对辛硫磷和阿维菌素的抗性表现为较高水平,抗性指数分别为130.46,165.1。  相似文献   

Application of a recombinant protein for the serological diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis     

Boarino A  Bollo E  Prunotto L  Canale L  Uslenghi F  Poletti P 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2008,31(6):527-536

This work reports the results obtained by a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test developed for the serological diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis.The new ELISA is based on a recombinant protein obtained by joining different antigens of Leishmania infantum.Test performances have been evaluated through the screening 227 sera of dogs, infected and uninfected by L. infantum. The new ELISA test has been compared to the indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test (IFAT) as a reference assay of canine leishmaniasis, and to a commercial ELISA.Excluding from the total number of IFAT positive sera the 27 sera with IFAT titre 1:40 (considered doubtful), the recombinant ELISA showed 97.0% specificity, 93.9% sensitivity and 95.5% agreement with IFAT. The commercial ELISA showed 78.2% specificity, 94.9% sensitivity and 86.5% agreement with IFAT.The results demonstrate a higher performance of the new recombinant ELISA test for the detection of negative samples, with a greater agreement with the reference test (IFAT).  相似文献   

Pathological and phylogenetic features of prevalent canine distemper viruses in wild masked palm civets in Japan     

Takayama I  Kubo M  Takenaka A  Fujita K  Sugiyama T  Arai T  Yoneda M  Sato H  Yanai T  Kai C 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2009,32(6):539-549

Ten wild masked palm civets infected with canine distemper virus (CDV), captured in Japan from 2005 to 2007, were histopathologically and phylogenetically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of the H protein of two CDV isolates from masked palm civets revealed that the two isolates were classified into the clade of recent isolates in Japan. Histopathologically marked lesions of virus encephalitis were present in the brain, whereas gastrointestinal lesions were absent or at a mild degree. The distribution of the lesions resembles that of recent CDV cases in dogs. Therefore, recent CDV infections in masked palm civets could be caused by recently prevalent CDV in dogs. The possibility of the masked palm civet as a spreader of CDV among wildlife is also discussed.  相似文献   

Origin of Clostridium perfringens isolates determines the ability to induce necrotic enteritis in broilers     

Timbermont L  Lanckriet A  Gholamiandehkordi AR  Pasmans F  Martel A  Haesebrouck F  Ducatelle R  Van Immerseel F 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2009,32(6):503-512

Since the ban on growth-promoting antibiotics in animal feed in the European Union, necrotic enteritis has become a major cause of mortality in broiler chickens. Despite the importance of the disease, the pathogenesis is still not completely understood. In the current study, Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from healthy flocks and isolates from outbreaks of necrotic enteritis were evaluated for the ability to cause gut necrosis in an intestinal loop model in laying hens and in an experimental infection model in broilers. High, intermediate and low alpha toxin producing strains were chosen from each isolation source. Only the isolates from field outbreaks induced necrotic gut lesions, independent of the amount of alpha toxin produced in vitro. It was also shown that alpha toxin producing isolates from calf hemorrhagic enteritis cases were not able to induce necrotic enteritis in poultry. These results suggest the presence of host specific virulence factors in C. perfringens strains, isolated from chickens with intestinal necrotic enteritis lesions.  相似文献   

Differential responses of cells from human skin keratinocyte and bovine mammary epithelium to attack by pore-forming Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin     

Suriyaphol G  Sarikaputi M  Suriyaphol P 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2009,32(6):491-502

Human skin keratinocytes HaCat attacked by Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin showed a transient drop of cellular ATP levels whereas in toxin-perforated bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC), the ATP levels dropped more slowly. Morphologically, during the ATP level depletion, HaCat cell developed a spacious intracellular vacuole together with the transient influx of trypan blue. WST-1 signal, which tested the function of mitochondrial enzyme in viable cells, also decreased concomitantly. On the other hand, BMEC excluded trypan blue and vacuolation was not observed throughout the experiment. We conclude that mammary epithelial cells resist the toxin better than keratinocytes. This is the first report showing that α-toxin enhances transient membrane permeability to large molecules, temporary vacuole formation and the transient defect of mitochondrial enzyme in viable cells without cell lysis.  相似文献   

Cloning, nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analyses, and tissue-specific expression of the transferrin gene in Cirrhinus mrigala infected with Aeromonas hydrophila     

Sahoo PK  Mohanty BR  Kumari J  Barat A  Sarangi N 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2009,32(6):527-537

Transferrin partial complementary DNAs were cloned from the livers of five species in four genera of Indian carps (Indian major carp species: Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala; medium carp: Puntius sarana; minor carp: Labeo bata) subsequent to polymerase chain reaction amplification with published heterologous primers or self-designed primers derived from conserved regions of transferrin cDNA sequences. The partial transferrin cDNAs of the five species of carps had sizes from 624 to 633 bp (487 bp for L. rohita) and encoded an open reading frame consisting of 206–211 (162 for L. rohita) amino acids. The alignments of carp cDNA sequences showed 85–97% homology and 71–93% homology in deduced amino acid sequences. A phylogenetic tree of amino acid sequences of transferrin cDNAs from carps showed that the relationship among the four genera of Indian carps is well correlated with that derived from classic morphologic analyses. The hypothesized cleavage site and interdomain bridge of transferrin molecule were predicted for the above carp species and interestingly the cleavage site amino acid sequence was found to be conserved among all the carps. To study the tissue-specific expression of the transferrin gene, various tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, brain, muscle, testis, heart, intestine, gill and fin) from apparently healthy (control), moribund and survived C. mrigala experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila infection were analyzed. Transferrin mRNA was detected only in liver RNA and to lesser extent in brain tissue out of the 10 tissues analyzed irrespective of bacterial infection.  相似文献