Assessment of the socio-economic impacts associated with the arrival of apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in Mwea irrigation scheme,Kenya     

Kate L. Constantine  Fernadis Makale  Idah Mugambi  Duncan Chacha  Harrison Rware  Alexander Muvea  Vincent K. Kipngetich  Justice Tambo  Adewale Ogunmodede  Djami Djeddour  Corin F. Pratt  Ivan Rwomushana  Frances Williams 《Pest management science》2023,79(11):4343-4356

Background

In Kenya, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is mainly produced under irrigation by small-scale farmers. Mwea irrigation scheme (MIS) in Kirinyaga County accounts for 80–88% of rice production. Here, rice is the main source of livelihood and a source of revenue generation for the county. However, a recently established invasive freshwater snail, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) (family: Ampullariidae), a species of apple snail, presents a serious threat to rice production.

Results

Household surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews highlight apple snail as a serious problem in MIS. Households that observed at least a moderate level of infestation (>20% of cultivated area) experienced significant reductions in rice yield (~14%) and net rice income (~60%). Farmers reported increased use of chemical pesticides for management of apple snail. In addition, the cost of hired labor for physical removal of egg masses and snails is resulting in substantial negative effects on net income. Farmer age, area of land owned, responsibility for decision-making, receipt of extension advice, training, and membership of a farmer organization, were all statistically significant variables to explain farmers awareness of the need for area-wide apple snail management.

Conclusion

Strategies to limit the spread of apple snail are urgently needed. A Multi-Institutional Technical Team (MITT) has been established to spearhead management efforts and consolidate advice to farmers on how to manage apple snail. However, without action to mitigate spread, the consequences could be disastrous for rice production and food security in Kenya, and for other rice growing regions across Africa. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

土地综合整治对农户生计韧性的影响效应及机制分析 ——以湖北省部分县市为例          下载免费PDF全文

吴诗嫚  祝浩  卢新海 《农业现代化研究》2023,44(6):1002-1013

研究土地综合整治对农户生计韧性的影响，对科学研判土地综合整治的实践效应、实现农户生计的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于湖北省部分县市的农户调研数据，运用双重差分模型探讨土地综合整治对农户生计韧性的影响效应。基准回归结果表明，土地综合整治可促使农户生计脆弱性显著降低，并显著提高其生计恢复力和生计韧性，且多种检验均显示研究结果稳健。异质性分析发现，土地综合整治对不同类型农户生计韧性的提升作用呈现“低收入—低依赖”>“高收入—低依赖”>“低收入—高依赖”>“高收入—高依赖”的分异特征，还受到地貌类型差异的影响，平原地区土地综合整治对农户生计韧性的提升效果大于丘陵地区。因此，土地综合整治应遵循“以人为本、夯实民生”的发展理念，树立统筹协调的系统治理观，全面优化农地功能与效能，构建低环境风险、良性运转的土地可持续利用格局，坚持“输血”与“造血”并举，因地制宜挖潜区域产业特色，才能有效降低农户生计脆弱性、增强其内生发展动力，实现农户生计的韧性发展。  相似文献   

民生：社会主义合法性的限度     

穆长玲 《现代农业科学》2008,(10):134-136

现代性的话语逻辑使民生成为考量社会主义制度合法性的一个尺度和基石,也演绎成新的政治诠释话语。在社会主义和谐社会的构建中,民生问题越发的彰显出独具特色的意蕴和旨向。即体现了社会主义生产力发展的要求,也含蕴了人的解放特质;体现了历史性和现实性的统一,体现了中国共产党的先进性和使命感。  相似文献   

Rural livelihood benefits from participation in the taungya agroforestry system in Ondo State of Nigeria     

Victor A. J. Adekunle  Yekini Bakare 《Small-Scale Forestry》2004,3(1):131-138

This study examines the strategies and benefits of the taungya farming system to both the government and the rural economy in Nigeria. An interview survey was conducted in which data were collected from 115 randomly selected farmers in five villages in the Oluwa forest reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria. The study examines the extent of participation of rural dwellers in plantation development through taungya farming and the degree of success of this system as an afforestation method. The farmers were predominantly illiterate, within the age bracket of 35–54 years and with small farm holdings. Twenty nine percent relied totally on food from the forest reserve for their livelihood, while 71% also had farm holdings in free areas. Land within the reserve is allocated to farmers free of charge but compensation is paid to landlords on land from free areas. A statistically significant difference was detected in income from the two sources of farmland for the households and but not in the size of land allocated under taungya and free areas. About 184 farmers are involved in taungya annually, and 410 ha of Tectonia grandis has been established for the government of Ondo State.  相似文献   

Attributes of People’s Organisations and the institutional viability of selected Community-Based Forest Management projects in northern Luzon     

Florence Z. Tarun-Acay 《Small-Scale Forestry》2005,4(1):101-116

An assessment was made of the attributes of People’s Organisations (POs) and of the institutional viability of Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) programs in three project sites in the Philippines. In CBFM, the capacity of People’s Organisations, as de facto managers of forest resources, is being developed by non-government organisations under the guidance of local government units (LGUs) and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). A survey was conducted of community members (case informants) and members of the various agencies (key informants) to ascertain the characteristics of successful POs and the relationship between these characteristics and the viability of CBFM. Although commendable contributions have been made to the forest management capability of POs, their standard of living and environmental conditions, there are also many instances in which institutional conflict among stakeholders is apparent. The great challenge for the various stakeholders is to orchestrate their differing interests so as to address successfully the critical issues of the low socioeconomic status of PO members, corruption, lack of transparency and accountability of the organisations involved, loss of interest of PO members in project activities, lack of technical assistance, loss of credibility of the DENR, and lack of equitable benefit sharing.  相似文献   

农业电商扶贫可以提升农户的可持续生计吗?——基于农产品上行视角     

王翠翠  夏春萍  蔡轶 《浙江农业学报》2022,34(3):636

从农户的发展能力、经济能力和社交能力3方面选取16个指标,运用组合赋权法确定指标权重,构建农户可持续生计评价指标体系,并基于此评估农业电商扶贫的成效。结合文献与实地调研获取的湖北省252份农户(含贫困户与脱贫户)调查数据,先对农户的可持续生计进行测度,然后运用OLS、2SLS、LIML、IVGMM和IV-Tobit共5种回归方法对农业电商扶贫中影响农户可持续生计的因素进行分析,并采用ISM模型分析论证了各影响因素的关联性质和层次结构。结果显示:样本农户的可持续生计水平一般,发展能力和经济能力相对较高,社交能力相对较弱,但这3种能力均未达到中等水平,有待提高。是否参与农业电商、亲戚中有无村干部、公共服务、政府支持和产业基础在农业电商扶贫中对农户的可持续生计具有显著(P<0.1)影响。是否参与农业电商和亲戚中有无村干部是表层直接影响因素,政府支持和产业基础是中层间接影响因素,公共服务是底层因素。因素之间的逻辑层次结构可用“单驱动、双路径”来概括。  相似文献   

Non-timber forest products and household incomes in Bonga forest area,southwestern Ethiopia     

Ermias Melaku  Zeleke Ewnetu  Demel Teketay 《林业研究》2014,25(1):215-223

We identified the major non-timber forest products （NTFPs）, their contributions to household incomes, and the determinants influenc-ing engagement of households in using NTFPs in the Bonga forest area of Gimbo and Decha Districts of Kaffa Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Six Kebeles （the lowest administrative unit in Ethiopia） were sampled from two Districts and 150 households were randomly sampled using propor-tional-to-size techniques based on the number of farm households in each Kebele. Secondary data were collected from and focus group discussions were conducted with selected individuals. The farmers diversified liveli-hood activities such as crop and livestock production, collection of NTFPs and off-farm activities. NTFPs played a significant role in household incomes. The contribution from the major NTFPs （forest coffee, honey and spices） accounted for 47% of annual household in-come. The role of NTFPs was influenced by a number of factors. Vari-ables including being native to the area （＋）, total land holding （＋）, pos-session of livestock （＋） and access to extension （＋） significantly affected forest coffee production. Age of household head （-）, land holding （＋） and distance of the market from the residence （-） significantly affected honey production. Size of landholding （＋）, distance to market （-） and distance of the forest from the residence （-） were significant variables determining the NTFP incomes derived by the households. Attention is needed in the design of policies and strategies for the well-being of households to the contribution of NTFPs to local incomes and the variables that affect the collection of NTFPs must be considered.  相似文献   

矿业农庄：改善矿区民生的有益探索     

杨清河 《渔业经济研究》2012,(1):10-14

“十二五”规划将坚持保障和改善民生作为转变经济发展方式的根本出发点和落脚点。河南省超越集团以改善矿区民生为目标，创立了“矿业农庄”模式。“矿业农庄”包括矿业、农业、农庄三个部分，通过合资、合作、培训等方式，实现了矿区新型城镇化、新型工业化和新型农业现代化的协调发展。“矿业农庄”重点发展矿业循环经济产业、农业循环经济产业和新农村建设三大产业，增加了农民就业、改善了农民生活、提高了农民素质，带动了矿区及周边农村地区的发展。  相似文献   

基于可持续生计框架的农地整治对农户生计策略的影响研究     

伍继强  王秀兰  熊根林 《水土保持通报》2020,40(2):269-277,284

[目的]研究农地整治政策对农户生计策略的影响,为政府国土部门制定完善的农地整治政策提供参考与依据。[方法]构建农地整治背景下农户的可持续生计框架,并运用统计分析、多元线性回归模型来分析农地整治对农户生计策略的影响。[结果]①农地整治后农户家庭人力资本没有变化,自然资本和社会资本略有变化,而物质资本和金融资本都有明显提高。②农地整治的实施会在一定程度上会促进农户的生计策略由传统农业向现代农业转变,生产制造业生计活动减少,服务业相关生计活动明显增加。[结论]农地整治政策的实施会改变农户选择现代农业、生产制造业、服务业的相关生计活动的影响因素;农地整治后,耕地的数量和质量依然是农户选择传统农业生计活动的显著因素。  相似文献   

Village Chicken Flock Dynamics and the Contribution of Chickens to Household Livelihoods in a Smallholder Farming Area in Zimbabwe   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Muchadeyi FC  Sibanda S  Kusina NT  Kusina JF  Makuza SM 《Tropical animal health and production》2005,37(4):333-344

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