经济林良种推广现状及政策建议     

王枫 《农学学报》2021,11(9):92-96

经济林良种是经济林产业的“芯片”,是经济林生产优质、高产、高效的物质基础。完善经济林良种推广政策,是实现经济林产业高质量发展的根本保障。通过数据收集和整理,系统梳理全国经济林良种推广现状,指出经济林良种推广中还存在着良种使用率不高,经济林低产低效;部分经济林良种存在超范围推广;良种审定过多,结构性过剩和种植品种过多,对接生产加工不畅等突出问题。进而提出从以种植为目标的良种推广转变为以生产加工等市场需求为导向的良种推广思路。从优化良种供给、加强良种推广的宏观指导、强化科技支撑和宣传培训、实施经济林提质增效工程和充分发挥产业协会、创新联盟的作用等方面给出优化经济林良种推广的政策建议。  相似文献   

新鲜蔬菜硝酸盐含量测定的改进试粉法   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

杜应琼  王富华  李乃坚  袁利升  苏青云 《园艺学报》2005,32(1):49-53

 为适应新鲜蔬菜硝酸盐快速检测的需要, 在现有试粉法的基础上对硝酸盐测定的试粉法进行了改良研究。结果表明, 本研究建立的直接以去离子水浸提蔬菜匀浆, 混合试粉配方为柠檬酸∶一水硫酸锰∶无水对氨基苯磺酸∶N - 1 - 萘乙二胺盐酸盐∶细锌粉= 30∶4∶1.6∶0.8∶1, 其加入量为0.1 g的改进试粉法, 对于溶液中硝酸盐含量在0～20 mg/L范围时, 显色吸光值与硝酸盐含量呈现良好的线性关系, 相关系数达0.9999, 方法回收率在97.7%～104.5%之间, 相对标准偏差2.71%。用本改进试粉法测定11种蔬菜的硝酸盐含量与国标法测定结果的t检验具有一致性。  相似文献   

改良热硼酸法高效提取苹果果实RNA   总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17  

姚玉新  赵玲玲  郝玉金  翟衡 《果树学报》2005,22(6):737-740

苹果果实、尤其是成熟期的果实中多糖和其他次生物质含量高,难以提取RNA。对此,在原热硼酸法的基础上进行了改进,通过添加提取辅助剂并根据辅助剂特性调整提取步骤,高效、稳定地从苹果果实、尤其是后期果实中提取到了高质量的RNA。所得RNA的A260/A230大于2.0,A260/A280为1.8-2.1,并且RNA产量高,其中前期果实RNA产率在13.40μg/g以上,后期果实RNA产率在7.02μg/g以上,完全可以满足RT-PCR、cDNA-AFLP等分子生物学实验的要求。  相似文献   

玉米穗腐病导致产量损失的品种和气候因素分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

潘惠康  张兰新 《华北农学报》1992,7(4):99-103

1986～1990年的研究结果发现,在玉米穗腐病流行年份,抗病和感病玉米自交系的严量损失分别比常年高21％和35％。在气候因素中,日照时数对发病和产量损失影响较大。同一气候条件下感病系比抗病系产量损失大52％～82％。感病品种因穗腐病造成的玉水产量损失比不利的气候因素更为严重。  相似文献   

Adopters,testers or pseudo-adopters? Dynamics of the use of improved tree fallows by farmers in western Kenya     

Evelyne Kiptot  Paul Hebinck  Steven Franzel  Paul Richards 《Agricultural Systems》2007

Although there has been increasing research on the adoption of agroforestry technologies over the last decade, few such studies have assessed uptake over a long period and many are based on a single snapshot in time. Furthermore, most of these studies have mainly looked at non-adopters and adopters: only recently have social scientists considered testers. A further category of users neglected in adoption studies has been re-adopters of technologies. Studying this group provides an interesting and more nuanced understanding of adoption and re-adoption. Methodologically, most adoption studies use quantitative methods and fail to link their findings to wider socio-economic, political and institutional settings. This paper presents a study of the dynamics of improved tree fallow use by farmers in Siaya and Vihiga districts of western Kenya over a period of eight years. It uses both qualitative and quantitative data to critically discuss the motivations of adopters, testers/rejecters and re-adopters. The results show that the process of adoption is highly dynamic and variable with farmers planting improved fallows and discontinuing or re-adopting them due to a whole range of factors, of which soil fertility improvement is just one. These factors included incentives from projects, the tying of adoption to credit programmes, prestige, participation in seminars/tours and the availability of a seed market from projects promoting improved fallows. Farmers planting improved fallows for such reasons may be termed ‘pseudo-adopters’. There were significant differences in adoption between the two districts, with more farmers in Siaya planting improved fallows than in Vihiga. A majority of farmers in Vihiga (53%) who were given seed never planted improved fallows, even though they had been exposed to the technology. Some 40% of farmers in Siaya and 38% in Vihiga planted improved fallows but later rejected them. This has some important implications for research and development. For improved fallow technologies to be attractive to farmers, they must provide other tangible economic benefits besides soil fertility improvement. This presents a challenge to researchers who must better attune themselves to the needs and demands of farmers if they wish to see their research findings widely adopted.  相似文献   

国家奶牛良种补贴项目在泾阳县实施的成效与启示     

郭泾利 《中国牛业科学》2011,37(4):59-60,69

为今后奶牛改良工作成果的巩固和推广提供依据,对国家奶牛良种补贴项目在泾阳实施的效果与措施进行总结.结果表明:累计使用良种冷冻精液细管23.7万支,生产改良奶牛3.15万头,且已有1.1万头的优质母牛已正式进入产奶阶段.良种补贴后代奶牛的头胎日产奶量达到27 kg左右,比同期母亲日产奶量高2 kg～3 kg;生奶平均乳...  相似文献   

Effect of dietary betaine levels on growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in freshwater     

Z. LUO  X.‐Y. TAN  X.‐J. LIU  H. WEN 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(4):361-367

An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine levels on the growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (mean initial body weight: 78.3 ± 1.3 g, means ± SD). Six practical diets were formulated with the incorporation of betaine at the levels of 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g kg⁻¹. Survival showed no significant differences among the treatments (P > 0.05). The highest and lowest weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed for fish fed the diets containing 5 and 0 g kg⁻¹ (control) betaine, respectively. Feed intake showed similar trend with WG and SGR. In contrast, feed conversion ratio was the lowest when dietary betaine level was 5 g kg⁻¹. In general, dietary betaine supplementation showed no significant effect on hepatic composition of tilapia. Condition factor and viscerosomatic index tended to increase with increasing dietary betaine levels from 0 to 5 g kg⁻¹ and then decline when dietary betaine levels further increased from 5 to 25 g kg⁻¹. In contrast, hepatosomatic index declined with increasing dietary betaine levels (P < 0.05). Dietary betaine levels significantly influenced several hepatic enzymatic activities, including succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, suggesting that dietary betaine addition had significant effects on nutrient metabolism in the liver. Based on the second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG, 12.5 g kg⁻¹ of dietary betaine level seemed optimal for genetically improved farmed tilapia strain of O. niloticus.  相似文献   

不同饲养管理条件下黄牛的同期发情试验     

刘瑞鑫  吴柱月  李铭  黄光云  罗蒙和 《中国牛业科学》2010,36(3):13-15

[目的]为了便于集中配种或胚胎移植。[方法]采取了三种方法：一次PG改进法、CI-DR＋PMSG＋PG＋LHRH-A3法、PMSG＋PG＋LHRH-A3法处理三种不同饲养管理条件下的黄牛,诱导同期发情。[结果]表明四次处理的同期发情率分别为100%、100%、98.8%、82.4%,人工授精或胚胎移植受胎率分别为27.3%、80%、76.5%、59.2%。[结论]从经济角度表明一次PG改进法、PMSG＋PG＋LHRH-A3法是比较切合实际,也比较理想的同期发情方法,效果也比较理想。  相似文献   

不同高羊茅品种夏季高温季节的坪用性状研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

何霞  杨志民  徐迎春 《中国草地学报》2007,29(6):73-80

比较不同高羊茅品种在南京地区越夏期间坪用性状的变化,结果表明：高羊茅在高温胁迫期间叶片变窄,叶色值降低,盖度、密度下降,表观质量降低;供试的14个高羊茅品种可以分为三类：第一类是TF07、TF08、TF10和TF18四个品种,耐热性弱;第二类是TF06、TF11、TF12、TF13、TF14、TF16和TF19,耐热性中等;第三类是TF01、TF03和TF05,耐热性强。  相似文献   

紫花苜蓿品种在河北低平原区的引进筛选试验研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

赵海明  谢楠  刘贵波  乔仁甫  张莉萍 《中国草地学报》2006,28(3):16-20

在河北低平原区对引进的11个紫花苜蓿品种进行了三年的比较试验。结果表明：保定苜蓿鲜草产量最高，其次是中苜1号、WL323ML；中苜1号干草产量最高，其次是WL323ML、保定苜蓿；WL323ML粗蛋白质产量最高，其次是顶点、中苜1号。保定苜蓿、中苜1号株高、鲜干比、茎叶比明显较低。保定苜蓿、中苜1号抗涝性较强，但抗倒性较差。各品种抗寒性、抗旱性均较强，无明显差异。综合分析WL323ML表现最优，宜作为河北低平原区进行推广的首选品种。  相似文献