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1.
Among the wheatgrasses that are possible sources of genetic resistance for wheat to barley yellow-dwarf-virus disease (BYD) are those that have been commonly subsumed under the name Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv. Two of these wheatgrass species are the diploid Lophopymm elongatum (Host) Á. Löve (2n = 2x = 14) and the decaploid L. ponticum (Podp.) Á. Löve (2n = 10x = 70). These two species, the addition and substitution lines of L. elongatum chromosomes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and derivatives of hybrids between hexaploid wheat and L. ponticum, were screened for resistance to BYD, as defined by visual symptoms in field-grown plants. The two species, an amphiploid derived from L. elongatumבChinese Spring’ wheat, and the derivatives involving L. ponticum chromosomes were all highly resistant. The substitution and addition lines of L. elongatum chromosomes in ‘Chinese Spring’ revealed that the genetic control of resistance in L. elongatum must be complex, with more than one critical locus involved. Chromosomes 2E and 5E are involved and there are lesser contributions to resistance from the remaining wheatgrass chromosomes. One highly resistant derivative was determined to have only three pairs of L. ponticum chromosomes. It has a wheat-like morphology and shows promise for further characterization. 相似文献
2.
小麦中国春背景下长穗偃麦草光合作用相关基因的染色体定位 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
光合作用与小麦产量关系的研究倍受国内外学者关注，而以代换系为材料研究外源染色体对光合作用的效应至今未见报道。本文以小麦－长穗偃麦草二体代换系为材料，以旗叶为主要测定叶位，用美国CID公司生产的CI-310便携式光合作用测定系统于田间测定旗叶光合速率在各生育期变化，并测定其与产量构成因素间的相关性。结果表明，DS2Ee(2A)代换系在开花期具有在整个生育期最高的光合速率，2Ee染色体可在穗粒数性状的改良过程中加以利用。DS4Ee(4A、4B、4D)代换系其旗叶从抽穗期到灌浆期始终保持较高水平净光合速率，对籽粒形成和充实十分有利，4Ee染色体可在通过改良灌浆时光合速率来提高千粒重等产量指标的研究中加以利用。 相似文献
3.
Researches on the relationship between photosynthesis and wheat yield have equally attracted the attention of both domestic and overseas scholars. No report has existed so far on the study of the effects of exogenous chromosomes on photosynthesis using the substitution series as materials. In this research, Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring-Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A.L(o)ve disomic substitution series were used as materials and flag leaves as the measuring position. And the CI-310 Portable Photosynthesis System made by CID Co. in USA was used to measure the net rate of photosynthesis of flag leaves in different developing stages and also to correlate photosynthesis with yield. Results showed that, out of the whole developing stages, at the anthesis stage the line of DS2Ee (2A) had the highest photosynthetic rate, therefore it could be used in improving process of the character of kernel number. The flag leaves of DS4Ee (4A, 4B, 4D) lines demonstrated certain high net photosynthetic rate from heading to grain filling stage, so it is valuable in the researh of promoting the yield index like 1000-grain weight through improvement of the photosynthetic rate at grain filling stage. 相似文献
4.
本研究从长穗偃麦草与老芒麦中分离了63个α-醇溶蛋白基因的开放阅读框,并进行了序列分析,结果表明90％的基因中含有提前终止密码子或移码突变。与已经发表的α-醇溶蛋白基因序列比对发现,这些基因都编码相似的信号肽、重复区和C-末端,但在两个多聚谷氨酰氨区差异明显。依据重复区中前三个氨基酸序列分析,出现了GRV和RV两种新的亚基类型;在第一个多聚谷氨酰氨区出现了（Q）3AR（Q）5、（Q）2AR（Q）5、（Q）3A新类型。乳糜泻抗原分析显示,来自老芒麦的一个真基因EU016530中含有两种乳糜泻抗原（glia—α2和glia-α）,而来自长穗偃麦草的真基因中没有发现乳糜泻抗原的存在,仅有假基因EU018257含有乳糜泻抗原glia-α。进化分析表明,二倍体长穗偃麦草α-醇溶蛋白基因与十倍体的长穗偃麦草α-醇溶蛋白基因有较近的亲缘关系;而老芒麦的α-醇溶蛋白基因与其它小麦族的基因聚在一起。 相似文献
5.
长穗偃麦草是小麦的野生近缘植物之一,具有抗多种生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的优良基因。为了从中发掘耐盐基因,分别用100、200、300、400 mmol·L~(-1)的Na Cl和20%、30%、50%(w/v)的PEG-6000处理长穗偃麦草幼苗,采用改良的SMART方法合成逆境诱导条件下的全长c DNA。采用Gateway技术中的BP反应构建长穗偃麦草全长入门c DNA混合文库,滴度为4.0×106cfu·m L~(-1),库容量为2.0×107cfu,插入片段平均长度为0.75 kb,重组率达98.9%。将该入门文库重组到植物转基因双元载体p MDC83中,获得目标文库,其原始滴度为6.0×106cfu·m L~(-1),库容量为3.0×107cfu,插入片段平均长度为0.45 kb,重组率达100%。通过农杆菌侵染萌发花粉再授粉的方法,获得转基因玉米T0种子,转化率达3%;用农杆菌侵染法将农杆菌与烟草BY-2细胞共培育,成功将目标文库转入到烟草BY-2细胞中,在培养基中加入潮霉素和不同浓度的Na Cl溶液,筛选获得耐盐细胞系69个。研究结果为大规模快速筛选鉴定植株水平和细胞水平上的抗盐基因奠定了基础。 相似文献
6.
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance derived from wheatgrass Lophopyrum elongatum chromosome 7E and to determine whether this resistance can augment resistance in combination with other FHB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) or genes in wheat. The ‘Chinese Spring’–Lophopyrum elongatum disomic substitution line 7E(7B) was crossed to three wheat lines: ‘Ning 7840’, L3, and L4. F2 populations were evaluated for type II resistance with the single‐floret inoculation method in the greenhouse. Simple sequence repeat markers associated with Fhb1 in ‘Ning 7840’ and L4 and markers located on chromosome 7E were genotyped in each population. Marker–trait association was analysed with one‐way or two‐way analysis of variance. The research showed that, in the three populations, the average number of diseased spikelets (NDS) in plants with chromosome 7E is 1.2, 3.1 and 3.2, vs. NDS of 3.3, 7.2 and 9.1 in plants without 7E, a reduction in NDS of 2.1, 4.1 and 5.9 in the respective populations. The QTL on 7E and the Fhb1 gene augment disease resistance when combined. The effect of the QTL on 7E was greater than that on 3BS in this experiment. Data also suggest that the FHB resistance gene derived from L. elongatum is located on the long arm of 7E. 相似文献
7.
Since wheat and other annual cereal crops are often harvested for forage instead of grain in California, replacing them with perennial crops could save energy and reduce the release of heat-trapping gases. To assess the potential for perennial crops based on wheat, biomass yield and stand persistence were studied for nine wheat×wheatgrass amphiploids (8x to 14x) and five wheatgrass species (2x to 10x) over three seasons in the Central Valley, California. The 8x and 10x amphiploids died after one biomass harvest and a single summer period. In contrast, the 14x amphiploids, which were sterile, continued producing biomass over the entire period of the trial. They were also highly salt-stress tolerant with little decline in biomass production in response to an increase in salinity from 100 and 250 mM NaCl in a solution-culture study. The development of a salt-stress-tolerant perennial crop based on wheat for the California-type climate will require either a substantial improvement in perennial growth of low-ploidy (8x) amphiploids or the development of technology for efficient vegetative propagation of the sterile high-ploidy (14x) amphiploids. 相似文献
8.
Previous studies in several Triticeae species have suggested that salt tolerance is a polygenic trait, but that genes on some chromosomes confer better tolerance to salt stress than others. This suggests an intriguing possibility that there may be a similar basis for salt tolerance in the species of the tribe Triticeae. In this study, chromosomal control of the tolerance to sudden salt stress, measured as the mean rate of leaf elongation in solution cultures with a single increment of 200 mM NaCl, was investigated in the genomes of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Can-dargy by using disomic addition lines of individual pairs of chromosomes or chromosome arms of each of the three species in the ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat genetic background. It was observed that the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 3, 4, and 5 in barley, 5 and 7 in rye, and 4 and 6 in D. villosum carry loci with significant positive effects on salt tolerance. Increased doses of chromosomes of group 2, however, reduce or do not increase the tolerance to salt stress. These results are in agreement with a previous study of the tolerance of this salt stress regime in wheat and wheatgrass Lophopyrum elongatum. A ranking analysis of the chromosomal effects within each genome of the five Triticeae species investigated in this and previous studies revealed that the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 3 and 5 consistently confer large positive effects on the tolerance of sudden salt stress, while the chromosomes of homoeologous group 2 in increased dose have no or negative effects on the tolerance. This strongly suggests that species of the tribe Triticeae share some common genetic mechanisms of tolerance of sudden salt stress. The findings in this study give credence to the proposal that wild relatives can be exploited in the development of wheat cultivars with greater tolerance to salt stress. 相似文献
9.
中国春背景下长穗偃麦草抗赤霉病相关基因的染色体定位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长穗偃麦草具有良好的赤霉病抗性,是小麦赤霉病抗性改良的重要种质资源。为了深入研究长穗偃麦草的赤霉病抗性并对其抗性相关基因进行染色体定位,连续两年两地于开花期通过单花滴注法对中国春-长穗偃麦草二体附加系、置换系等31份材料进行穗部接种,21d后调查发病情况;同时调查了各材料的自然发病情况。结果表明,长穗偃麦草的赤霉病抗性主效基因定位于1E和7E染色体,其中7E染色体的短臂具有良好的赤霉病抗性,2E和4E染色体具有微效抗性基因,而3E、5E和6E可能存在易感基因。 相似文献
10.
基于抑制消减杂交开发长穗偃麦草(Lophopyrum elongatum)特异分子标记 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分别以二倍体长穗偃麦草和普通小麦中国春的基因组DNA作实验组和对照组,运用抑制消减杂交(SSH)技术去除2个基因组DNA之间的同源序列, 获得长穗偃麦草特异的DNA片段构建的单向抑制消减文库,并对随机克隆测序。根据测序结果设计引物,获得36个长穗偃麦草基因组特异分子标记,成功率高达69.2%。这些标记均能在具有长穗偃麦草E染色体的不同小麦背景和不同世代中稳定表现,可用于小麦背景中跟踪长穗偃麦草染色体或片段。 相似文献