排序方式： 共有14条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Water-stable aggregates and associated organic matter in forest,savanna, and cropland soils of a seasonally dry tropical region,India 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The study was undertaken to quantify the distribution of soil in different size fractions of water-stable aggregates, and organic C, total N, and total P associated with these aggregates, along a gradient of forest-savanna-cropland in the Indian dry tropics. The effect of residue (wheat straw) amendment under dryland cultivation was also investigated. Proportions of macroaggregates (>0.3 mm) were highest in the forest and lowest in the cropland soil and ranged from 58–66% in forest, to 55% in savanna and 25–36% in cropland. In contrast, microaggregates (<0.3 mm) were highest in cropland (64–75%), followed by savanna (45%), and lowest in forest soil (34–42%). Organic C, total N, and total P associated with the macroaggregates ranged from 6.52–29.56, to 0.62–2.44 and 0.06–0.15 g kg-1 soil, respectively, while the respective values in microaggregates were 4.99–22.11, 0.42–2.01, and 0.07–0.19 g kg-1 soil. This study indicates that land-use changes (conversion of forest into savanna and cropland) reduce the organic matter input to the soil and the proportion of macroaggregates. The application of wheat straw did not significantly influence the organic C and total N levels (P>0.05) in the short term, although the proportion of macroaggregates increased, indicating an improvement in soil structure. Thus soil degradation after conversion of natural systems to cropland can be arrested up to some extent by residue input to the soil. 相似文献
2.
Earthworms are known to play a role in aggregate formation and soil organic matter (SOM) protection. However, it is still unclear at what scale and how quickly earthworms manage to protect SOM. We investigated the effects of Aporrectodea caliginosa on aggregation and aggregate-associated C pools using 13C-labeled sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) leaf residue. Two incubations were set up. The first incubation consisted of soil samples crushed <250 μm to break up all macroaggregates with three treatments: (i) control soil; (ii) soil+13C-labeled residue and (iii) soil+13C-labeled residue+earthworms. Earthworms were added after 8 d and 12 d (days) later, aggregate size distribution was measured together with total C and 13C in each aggregate fraction. A second incubation was made to assay protected versus unprotected total C and 13C from 21-d laboratory incubations of intact and crushed large (>2000 μm) and small (250-2000 μm) macroaggregates and microaggregates (53-250 μm). Eight different pools of aggregate-associated C were quantified: (1) and (2) unprotected C pools in large and small macroaggregates, (3) unprotected C pools in microaggregates, (4) and (5) protected C pools in large and small macroaggregates, (6) protected C pool in microaggregates, and (7) and (8) protected C pools in microaggregates within large and small macroaggregates. In the presence of earthworms, a higher proportion of large macroaggregates was newly formed and these aggregates contained more C and 13C compared to bulk soil. There were no significant differences between the samples with or without earthworms in the C pool-sizes protected by macroaggregates, microaggregates or microaggregates within small macroaggregates. However, in the presence of earthworms, the C protected by microaggregates within large macroaggregates was a significant pool and 22% of this C pool was newly added C. In conclusion, these results clearly indicate the direct involvement of earthworms in providing protection of soil C in microaggregates within large macroaggregates leading to a possible long-term stabilization of soil C. 相似文献
3.
Bacterial cells may be immobilized in soil through adsorption to a variety of soil particles. These associations affect the
interaction of native soil microbes with their nutrient sources and control at least in part the distribution of foreign bacteria
entering the soil system. To observe the relationship between soil structure and adsorption of amended bacterial cells, a
series of intact cores of Freehold fine sandy loam were inoculated with suspensions of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes cells at concentrations ranging from 106 to 108 cells per ml. The cells were cultivated in a glucose-based medium to induce spherical cell formation. Following inoculation,
the soil cores were rinsed with sterile water (30–40 ml h–1), flushed with thiazine red R to stain the bacterial cells, and then prepared for examination by common micromorphological
techniques. The use of fluorescence, polarizing, and reflected light microscopy of soil thin sections, allowed direct, qualitative
determinations of microbial distribution and associations with soil components. A. crystallopoietes cells were detected throughout the length of the soil columns. Soil pores did not appear to be clogged by the spherical A. crystallopoietes cells. Adsorption of amended bacteria was governed by the presence of both variably charged mineral oxides and organic matter
within the intergrain microaggregates and occurred along coated mineral surfaces. Amendment of non-inoculated soil columns
with 0.2% (w/v) solution of glucose demonstrated that the staining and sectioning procedure was sufficiently sensitive to
detect growth of indigenous bacterial populations and their distributions within the soil matrix.
Received; 6 April 1997 相似文献
4.
Changes in plant cover after afforestation induce variations in litter inputs and soil microbial community structure and activity, which may promote the accrual and physical-chemical protection of soil organic carbon (SOC) within soil aggregates. In a long-term experiment (20 years) we have studied the effects, on soil aggregation and SOC stabilization, of two afforestation techniques: a) amended terraces with organic refuse (AT), and b) terraces without organic amendment (T). We used the adjacent shrubland (S) as control. Twenty years after stand establishment, aggregate distribution (including microaggregates within larger aggregates), sensitive and slow organic carbon (OC) fractions, basal respiration in macroaggregates, and microbial community structure were measured. The main changes occurred in the top layer (0–5 cm), where: i) both the sensitive and slow OC fractions were increased in AT compared to S and T, ii) the percentage and OC content of microaggregates within macroaggregates (Mm) were higher in AT than in S and T, iii) basal respiration in macroaggregates was also higher in AT, and iv) significant changes in the fungal (rather than bacterial) community structure were observed in the afforested soils (AT and T) – compared to the shrubland soil. These results suggest that the increase in OC pools linked to the changes in microbial activity and fungal community structure, after afforestation, promoted the formation of macroaggregates – which acted as the nucleus for the formation and stabilization of OC-enriched microaggregates. 相似文献
5.
Summary An ultrastructural investigation of amoebae in situ in the rhizosphere showed that the protozoa are closely associated with soil aggregates and produce long pseudopodia that penetrate micropores. This could partly explain why bacteria are generally confined to the interiors of microaggregates. The presence of cytologically intact and partly digested bacteria in the food vacuoles indicates that rhizosphere bacteria are both ingested and digested by the amoebae. This digestion could lead to the recycling of P and N immobilized in rhizosphere microorganisms. 相似文献
6.
Previous research has shown that soil structure can influence the distribution of bacteria in aggregates and, thereby, influence
microbiological processes and diversity at small spatial scales. Here, we studied the microbial community structure of inner
and outer fractions of microaggregates of a desert agricultural soil from the Imperial Valley of Southern California. To study
the distribution of soil bacteria, 1,536 clones were identified using phylogenetic taxon probes to classify arrays of 16S rRNA genes. Among the predominant taxonomic groups were the α-Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Acidobacteria. When compared across all phyla, the taxonomic compositions and distributions of bacterial taxa associated with the inner
and outer fractions were nearly identical. Our results suggest that the ephemeral nature of soil aggregates in desert agricultural
soils may reduce differences in the spatial distribution of bacterial populations as compared to that which occur in soils
with more stable aggregates. 相似文献
7.
C.W. Watts W.R. Whalley D.J. Longstaff R.P. White P.C. Brook A.P. Whitmore 《Soil Use and Management》2001,17(4):263-268
Abstract. Soil management studies show that intensive arable agriculture can lead to a decline in both organic matter levels and the stability of the soil structure. It is a priority to understand how soil structure responds when fresh organic materials are added to poor quality degraded arable soils. This is of particular interest because of its implication for carbon sequestration. We investigate whether the addition of organic materials can form stable aggregates in a degraded soil. Grass or peat residues were added to samples of soil obtained from the continuous grassland and arable plots of the long-term experiment at highfield, IACR-Rothamsted (UK) and incubated at 2° and 24°C, for upto 8 weeks at -5 kPa. At 1 day and at 2, 4 and 8 weeks the soil was slaked in de-ionised water and the aggregate size distributions were measured. The data was used to calculate mean weight diameters (MWD). The treatments with added grass showed increased aggregated relative to the control; the treatments with added peat did not. At 24°C the value of MWD increased with the incubation period, but at 2°C there was no further aggregation beyond week two. Respiration measurements were made and the samples that released the most CO2 were also those which re-aggregated the most. This suggests that the process of aggregation is microbiologically mediated. The results are discussed within the broader context of the implications of soil organic matter content on soil management. 相似文献
8.
采用熏蒸-提取法研究了耕地、园地、林地三种利用方式下棕壤及其各级微团聚体中微生物量碳、氮的变化。研究结果表明:(1)不同利用方式下棕壤微生物量碳、氮的变化趋势均为<10μm微团聚体>原土>10￣50μm微团聚体>50￣250μm微团聚体,且经方差分析可知,除原土与10￣50μm微团聚体中微生物量氮含量差异不显著外,均达到显著或极显著水平。不同利用方式之间微生物量碳、氮含量为林地>园地>耕地,土地利用方式对微生物量碳、氮含量有极显著的影响。(2)微生物量碳/有机碳、微生物量氮/全氮的比值表现为原土及<10μm、10￣50μm微团聚体中均为林地最低,不同利用方式下土壤有机质输入的质的差别造成了这一结果。 相似文献
9.
10.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11):1219-1225
Abstract A design for a photometer detector with response over a wide range of soil concentrations and which utilizes readily available inexpensive components, is described. The instrument has been used successfully to measure the turbidity of soil suspensions, but would be applicable to other suspended materials. Turbidity can be used to measure the microaggregation of soil in soil structure studies. 相似文献