稻米营养品质的研究现状及分子改良途径   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

江良荣  李义珍  王侯聪  黄育民 《分子植物育种》2004,2(1):113-121

本文综述了稻米营养品质(蛋白质、赖氨酸和微量营养素)的经典遗传学和分子遗传学、分子育种的研究现状，并对利用分子标记辅助育种方法提高稻米营养品质作了展望。  相似文献   

Improved micropropagation protocol and enhancement in biomass and chlorophyll content in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni by using high copper levels in the culture medium     

Pourvi Jain  Sumita Kachhwaha  S.L. Kothari 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

Incorporation of a range of higher concentrations of CuSO₄·5H₂O in MS medium [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with 240 tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15, 473–497] significantly enhanced direct shoot bud induction and proliferation from cultured leaf and nodal explants taken from mature plants of Stevia rebaudiana. Shoot bud induction medium was supplemented with BAP (2.2 μM) and IAA (2.8 μM). When the concentration of CuSO₄·5H₂O in the induction medium was raised to 0.5 μM (five times the MS level, i.e. 0.1 μM) there was significant increase in percentage response along with increase in shoot bud number per explant. The shoots were healthy, well developed with dark green broader leaves. There was remarkable increase in total biomass and chlorophyll content at increased (0.5 μM) copper level in the medium. During proliferation stage also presence of high copper levels in the medium favoured increase in shoot bud number per explant.  相似文献   

灌浆期喷施微肥对小麦临优2018产量及品质的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张建华  张定一  姬虎太  冯美臣  黄玉玲  吕雪梅  裴雪霞 《小麦研究》2006,27(3):6-9

试验选用4种微肥在对中筋冬小麦临优2018灌浆期进行叶面喷施处理,研究其对冬小麦产量及品质指标的影响。结果表明:用微肥处理小麦均可增加产量,对品质也有不同影响,其中硼酸、硫酸锰对小麦产量影响最大;硫酸镁对蛋白质和面筋影响较大;硫酸锰对沉降值影响较大。  相似文献   

石灰性土壤上NaCO_3对不同品种水稻生长效应的研究     

徐晓燕  杨肖娥 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,17(3):254-257

在石灰性土壤上，通过盆栽试验研究了ＮａＨＣＯ３对耐缺Ｚｎ敏感品种水稻生长和Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ含量的影响。ＮａＨＣＯ３显著降低Ｚｎ敏感品种地上部和根部的干重，而对耐性品种没影响。ＮａＨＣＯ３减少Ｚｎ敏感品种ＺＮ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ的含量，而对耐性品种影响很小，耐性品种和敏感品种的Ｃｕ含量不受ＮａＨＣＯ３的影响。以上结果表明：水稻耐缺Ｚｎ与水稻对土壤中ＮａＨＣＯ３的高忍耐力有关。  相似文献   

氮肥对不同玉米品种子粒微量元素含量和生物有效性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩证仿  钱春荣  李志杰  杨世佳  刘美佳  张明乾  张卫建 《玉米科学》2013,21(3):110-114

研究田间施用氮肥对吉林省4个玉米品种子粒中Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu含量以及Zn与Fe生物有效性的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥可增加玉米子粒中Zn、Fe含量,过量施氮玉米子粒中Zn和Fe含量不再增加甚至呈下降趋势;子粒中Mn含量随氮肥增加而提高,Cu含量随氮肥增加而降低,4个品种中只有吉四单19在过量施氮时子粒Mn含量呈下降趋势。随氮肥水平提高,玉米子粒中Zn、Fe和Mn累积量呈递增趋势,Cu累积量变化不显著。全磷与这些矿物质元素的比值(P/Zn、P/Fe)表明,氮肥施用将显著降低玉米子粒中Zn和Fe的生物有效性。  相似文献   

Solubilization of zinc phosphate by a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from a forest soil     

C. D. Di Simine  J. A. Sayer  G. M. Gadd 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1998,28(1):87-94

 A strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, able to solubilize zinc phosphate, was isolated from a forest soil. Colonies of the microorganism produced clear haloes on solid medium incorporating zinc phosphate, but only when glucose was provided as the carbon source. Solubilization of zinc phosphate occurred by both an increase in the H⁺ concentration of the medium, probably a consequence of ammonia assimilation, and the production of gluconic acid. High concentrations of gluconic acid were produced when P. fluorescens 3a was cultured in the presence of zinc phosphate. Although under some conditions gluconic acid is purportedly able to solubilize metals by the formation of chelates, no evidence of zinc chelation was obtained in our experiments. Furthermore, the increased Zn²⁺ concentration caused by the solubilization process resulted in the manifestation of toxic effects on the culture. A sample of the culture, sonicated to disrupt cells, still possessed the ability to produce gluconic acid from glucose, in the presence and absence of zinc phosphate. The lack of gluconic acid overproduction in cultures of P. fluorescens 3a which were not amended with zinc phosphate suggests that at least some of the glucose oxidation required for the zinc solubilization occurred as a result of the toxic stress caused by the high Zn²⁺ concentration. Received: 16 December 1997  相似文献   

绿肥翻压对土壤微量元素含量及玉米吸收的影响     

贝凯月  向春阳  赵秋  田秀平  张茜 《玉米科学》2023,31(1):143-152

选取9个春油菜绿肥品种进行田间试验,连续翻压两年后,测定土壤和玉米子粒中的微量元素含量,研究比较不同春油菜绿肥品种翻压对土壤微量元素含量及玉米吸收情况的影响。结果表明,中油肥1804翻压后土壤全量铁、锰和锌含量较春闲田CK处理分别提高了9.31%、5.71%、9.97%,土壤有效态铁、锰、锌含量较春闲田CK处理分别提高37.31%、62.35%、73.99%;中油肥1907翻压后土壤全铜含量较春闲田CK处理显著提高了84.29%;中油肥1901翻压后较春闲田CK处理显著提高了玉米子粒铁、锰、锌的吸收量及玉米产量和品质。不同春油菜绿肥品种翻压后土壤有效态铜含量、玉米子粒铜及锰含量与春闲田CK处理之间差异不显著;土壤有效态微量元素含量与春油菜中微量元素和土壤全量微量元素含量之间存在线性关系,且微量元素与玉米叶片叶绿素、含氮量、产量、可溶性糖、蛋白质呈显著或极显著正相关。华北地区种植并翻压中油肥1804、中油肥1901、中油肥1907能较好地提高土壤微量元素含量、生物有效性及玉米产量和品质。  相似文献   

QTL Analysis for Grain Iron and Zinc Concentrations in Two O. nivara Derived Backcross Populations     

B.P.M. Swamy  K. Kaladhar  K. Anuradha  Anil K. Batchu  T. Longvah  N. Sarla 《水稻科学》2018,25(4):197-207

Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain mineral elements can assist in faster and more precise development of micronutrient dense rice varieties through marker-assisted breeding. In the present study, QTLs were mapped for Fe and Zn concentrations in two BC₂F₃ mapping populations derived from the crosses of O. sativa cv Swarna with two different accessions of O. nivara. In all, 10 and 8 QTLs were identified for grain Fe and Zn concentrations in population 1, and 7 and 5 QTLs were identified in population 2, respectively. Eighty percent of the QTLs detected in both populations were derived from O. nivara. Five QTLs for Fe and three QTLs for Zn explained more than 15% phenotypic variance either in interval or composite interval mapping. The locations of O. nivara derived QTLs such as qFe2.1, qFe3.1, qFe8.2 and qZn12.1 were consistently identified in both the populations. Epistatic interaction was observed only between RM106 and RM6 on chromosome 2 and between RM22 and RM7 on chromosome 3 for Fe concentration in population 1. Sixteen candidate genes for metal homeostasis were found to co-locate with 10 QTLs for Fe and Zn concentrations in both the populations. Most of the Fe and Zn QTLs were found to co-locate with QTLs for grain yield and grain quality traits. Some of the major effect QTLs identified can be used to improve rice grain Fe and Zn concentrations.  相似文献   

Influence of long-term nitrogen fertilization on micronutrient density in grain of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)     

Rongli Shi  Yueqiang Zhang  Xinping Chen  Qinping Sun  Fusuo Zhang  Volker Römheld  Chunqin Zou 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010

A long-term (1999–2007) field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three nitrogen (N) fertilization rates (0, 130, and 300 kg N/ha) on micronutrient density in wheat grain and its milling fractions. At maturity, grains were harvested and fractionated into flour, shorts, and bran for micronutrient and N analysis. N fertilization increased iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) density in wheat grain compared to the control. Increase of N application rate from 130 to 300 kg N/ha, however, did not further increase the three micronutrient densities in grain. Micronutrient concentrations were usually highest in the bran and lowest in the flour. High N application increased Zn and Cu densities in all three milling fractions and increased Fe concentration in shorts and bran but not in flour. N application did not affect the manganese (Mn) concentration in grain. N fertilization changed the proportions of Fe and Cu in flour and bran but did not affect the distribution of Zn. Because N fertilization increased micronutrient accumulation in wheat grain, proper management of N fertilization has the potential to enhance the nutritional quality of this important food.  相似文献   

A comparison of Mehlich I and Mehlich III extractants as predictors of manganese,copper and zinc availability in four Delaware soils     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(10):1039-1052

Abstract

The relative effectiveness of Mehlich I (.025N H₂SO₄ + .05N HCl) and Mehlich III (0.2N CH₃COOH + 0.25N NH₄NO₃ +.015N NH₄F + .013N HNO₃ + .001M EDTA) extractants as predictors of Mn, Cu and Zn uptake was assessed in a greenhouse experiment with four Delaware soils. The soils were adjusted to eight pH levels by addition of Ca(OH)₂ or elemental S, and received comparable amounts of Mn, Cu and Zn as either (1) MnSO₄ + CuSO₄ + ZnSO₄ or (2) Poultry Manure. Mehlich 1 and III extractable Mn and Zn, but not Cu, were well correlated in most instances. Excellent correlations were obtained between Mn uptake and Mehlich I and Mehlich III extractable Mn, for all soils and sources. In general, however, neither Zn nor Cu was found to correlate well with plant uptake. Based on this study, conversion to Mehlich III, as a routine soil test extractant for micronutrients, would not result in a significant improvement over the currently used Mehlich I extractant.  相似文献