低能Ar+注入樱桃萝卜点点红种子后的生物学效应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

梁秋霞  曹刚强  黄群策  秦广雍  马青荣 《中国农学通报》2005,21(3):70-70

选取樱桃萝卜点点红为材料,对低能Ar+离子注入其干种子后的生物学效应进行了研究。考察了其发芽率、成活率与低能Ar+注入剂量的关系,对低能Ar+注入点点红种子后其过氧化物酶(POD)的活性进行了测定,并对POD酶谱及酯酶(Est)同工酶酶谱进行分析。研究结果表明,不同剂量的低能Ar+注入都会引起种子发芽率、成活率及不同阶段的生长和发育产生变异;在1×1017Ar+/cm2与3×1017Ar+/cm2剂量之间点点红种子的发芽率随注入剂量的增加呈现出“马鞍型”曲线的变化趋势;成活率的变化规律与发芽率的变化规律基本一致;低剂量注入时,其POD活性随剂量的增加而升高;高剂量注入时,其POD活性随剂量的增加而降低。同工酶图谱中,POD在2.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2增加一条酶带,且1.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2高剂量注入时有缺失现象;酯酶(Est)在1.5×1017Ar+/cm2和3.0×1017Ar+/cm2剂量注入时酶带数增加,且变深。  相似文献   

Production of mutants with high cold tolerance in spring canola (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis>)     

Scott L. McClinchey  Laima S. Kott 《Euphytica》2008,162(1):51-67

A major factor affecting spring canola (Brassica napus) production in Canada is killing frosts during seedling development in the spring and seed maturation in the fall. The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of producing spring canola lines with mutations that have altered biochemical pathways that increase cold tolerance. The approach was to generate UV point mutations in cultured microspores followed by chemical in vitro selection of individual mutant microspores or embryos resulting in measurable alterations to various biochemical pathways with elevated levels of key defense signaling molecules such as, salicylic acid (SA), p-Fluoro-d,l-Phenyl Alanine (FPA), and jasmonic acid (JA). In addition, since proline (Pro) is known to protect plant tissues in the cold-induced osmotic stress pathway, mutants that overproduce Pro were selected in vitro by using three Pro analogues: hydroxyproline (HP), azetidine-2-carboxylate (A2C); and, 3,4-dehydro-d,l-proline (DP). Of the 329 in vitro selected mutant embryos produced, 74 were identified with significant cold tolerance compared to their donor parents through indoor freezer tests at −6°C, and 19 had better winter field survival than winter canola checks. All chemically selected mutant doubled haploids with increased cold tolerance compared well with parent lines for all seed quality and agronomic parameters. Development of increased frost tolerant cultivars should allow for spring canola to be produced in western Canada without compromising seed quality.  相似文献   

离子注入在棉花育种中的诱变功效   总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28  

郑冬官  方其英  黄德祥  刘贯莲 《安徽农业大学学报》1994,(3)

分析了在棉花离子注入育种中出现的各种有用变异,包括早熟性、株型、主茎高度和粗细,以及陆地棉与海岛棉种间杂种出现的性状稳定加快现象。  相似文献   

水稻缙恢21诱变材料遗传变异的SSR分析     

张修宝  罗洪发  查仁明  冯仕飞  樊海容  张姗姗  庹中丽 《山地农业生物学报》2016,(5):30-36

为了获得性状优良的水稻种质资源,采用EMS方法对缙恢21进行诱变,M4代获得不同类型的稳定突变材料,选取36份性状明显不同的突变材料进行SSR分子标记分析。从覆盖水稻12对染色体的200对SSR引物中筛选出15对扩增产物具有稳定多态性的引物,检测到59个等位基因,有效等位基因数为46.2574,有效等位基因百分数为78.40%,每对引物检测出3~5个等位基因,平均为3.9333个;遗传多样性指数在0.9951~1.3849之间,平均为1.2071;每个位点的多态性信息量变化于0.8285~0.9794之间,平均为0.9134。聚类分析得出,36份材料的遗传相似系数变幅为0.515~1.000,并在遗传相似系数0.63处将36份材料分为两大类群。  相似文献   

小麦航天诱变育种效果研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

程西永  许海霞  董中东  宋培菊  马青荣 《中国农学通报》2007,23(7):598-598

利用返回式卫星搭载两个小麦品种（系）种子进行空间诱变处理，对SP2代农艺性状变异效果进行了分析。结果表明，两个品种（系）的农艺性状均发生了变异，但株系内变异多数为不显著。两个品种（系）的诱变率和性状的变异方向存在差异，豫农201的诱变率高于大粒1号；大粒1号变异株系的性状指标多数为增加，豫农201变异株系的性状指标多数为减少。性状间的诱变率具有差异，株高和粒重的诱变率明显高于其它性状  相似文献   

平菇菌株诱变处理及应用初探     

李永文  刘阳  张义奇  张淑霞 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(21):6427-6428

为了探讨平菇菌株诱变处理与应用。在平菇培养中,以马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基为基本培养基,设栽培袋培养料A、B、C和D 4个配方,利用紫外线(照射时间分别为为0.51、0和15 min)对平菇菌丝体进行诱变处理,筛选高产优良菌株。利用紫外线对平菇菌丝体进行诱变处理筛选出了高产优良菌株,其菌丝生长表现为生长速度快、菌丝洁白、健壮等特点。与对照(固体棉籽皮培养基)相比,该处理原种和栽培种的菌丝体可提前10~15 d长好,液体菌种比固体菌种可提前10~15 d长满菌袋,提前20~30 d出菇。不同的培养基配方,其产量存在差异,以配方A(以棉籽皮87%,麸皮或米糠10%为主要成分)产量最高,生物学效率达98.7。利用液体培养生产菌种,采用培养基配方A栽培平菇,具有栽培周期短、简化栽培程序,降低成本,提高平菇的品质、产量高和成品率高等优点。  相似文献   

The exploitation of the genome in the search for determinants of virulence in Streptococcus uberis     

Leigh JA  Ward PN  Field TR 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,100(3-4):145-149

Despite much success in the control of mastitis in dairy cattle, intramammary infection with Streptococcus uberis remains a threat to herd health. This organism is a frequent cause of mastitis worldwide. Recent advances in the ability to genetically manipulate this bacterium, coupled to the determination of a representative genome sequence have already enabled the investigation of certain aspects of disease pathogenesis. Further use of such technology coupled to reliable models of disease and post-genomic analysis will permit the elucidation of further interactions between pathogen and host. This additional information can be usefully targeted at identification of candidates for inclusion in effective vaccines. This communication reviews the current, reported progress using this technology for S. uberis.  相似文献   

Methods to improve the fertility of poinsettia     

Chang-Hai Huang  Chien-Young Chu 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008

‘Success’ or ‘Red Splendor’ plants propagated by shoot tip culture or embryogenesis had higher pollen germination than those propagated by cutting. All clones of ‘Pepride’, ‘Peter Star’ and ‘Nobel Star’ propagated by cutting or by embryogenesis or shoot tip culture did not have viable pollen. ‘Peter Star’ mutants through mutagenesis could recover pollen viability. When both parents were propagated by tissue culture, fruit set increased compared to when one or both parents were propagated by cuttings. Furthermore, the number of the harvested seeds doubled per pollination set, when the tissue culture parents were used instead of cutting-propagation plants.  相似文献   

茶树人工诱变技术的研究 Ⅰ.茶树辐照的生物学效应     

杨跃华  林树祺 《茶叶科学》1990,10(1):19-24

辐照茶树 M_1代成株率、苗高、叶面积以及根长与辐照剂量的关系符合多靶单击数学模型 y=1-(1-e~(-MD))~N,而它们与辐照剂量率的关系呈二次曲线型 y=a+bx+cx~2;茶树各器官敏感性大小表现为根长>叶面积>苗高。辐照剂量率在0.57—0.86戈/分的范围内效果比较明显。插穗的适宜辐照剂量为5.7—9.5戈,半致死剂量在9.5戈左右。乔木型大叶品种茶籽的适宜辐照剂量为9.3—21戈,半致死剂量在21戈左右;灌木型中、小叶种茶籽的适宜辐照剂量为27.9—37.2戈,半致死剂量在37.2—50戈  相似文献   

高产抗生素产生菌Streptomyces albogriseus的选育     

代鹏  徐雪莲  李郑仙  陈歆  彭黎旭 《热带作物学报》2011,32(9):1736-1739

采用紫外线、亚硝酸和氮离子注入等诱变处理方法,对抗生素产生菌Streptomyces albogriseus的出发菌株JFA-001-71进行逐步选育,最终获得高产菌株N-56-343,菌株产素水平高且较为稳定,世代间的发酵产素水平无显著性差异。  相似文献