Evaluation of three phytoplankton species as food for the pearl oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinctada fucata</Emphasis>     

Tomoki Hashimoto  Katsuya Hyodoh  Takuma Hirose  Satoshi Nishikawa  Toshiya Katano  Shin-ichi Nakano 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(4):309-318

In the pearl cultivation farms of the Ehime Prefecture, Japan, mass mortalities of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata have occurred since 1994. The occurrences of mass mortality roughly coincided with a shift of the dominant phytoplankton from Skeletonema and Chaetoceros to Chaetoceros and Nitzschia all of which belong to Bacillariophyceae. Hence, we evaluated Nitzschia, together with Chaetoceros and Isocrysis, as food for the oyster. Wet weights, lengths, widths, glycogen contents, and growth rates in terms of wet weight of the oysters in all the feeding treatments were significantly higher than those in the non-feeding treatment. The highest glycogen content (2.34%) and growth rate (2.21 g month⁻¹) were found in the Chaetoceros treatment. Growth rate in the Isocrysis treatment (1.63 g month⁻¹) was also high, although glycogen content in this treatment (0.41%) was low. In the Nitzschia treatment, growth rate of the oyster (0.94 g month⁻¹) was the lowest and glycogen content (0.83%) was also low relative to that in the Chaetoceros treatment. Chlorophyll a concentration in fecal pellets was lowest in the Nitzschia treatment (<2.7 μg mg⁻¹), suggesting more complete digestion of Nitzschia by the oyster. Thus, Nitzschia was edible and digestible but not assimilated by P. fucata. We propose the following scenario for the relationship between Nitzschia dominance and mass mortality. When Nitzschia dominates in a culture area, the physiological condition of P. fucata deteriorates due to low assimilation of Nitzschia by the oyster, followed by susceptibility of the oyster to infection by agents lethal to the oyster.  相似文献   

马氏珠母贝蛋白的分离及分子量分布研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑惠娜  章超桦  刘书成  曹文红 《水产科学》2008,27(9)

试验结果表明,马氏珠母贝全脏器各分离蛋白组分占总蛋白含量分别为:非蛋白氮1.48%,肌浆蛋白33.20%,肌原纤维蛋白13.14%,碱溶性蛋白21.54%,基质蛋白30.65%;贝肌肉各分离蛋白组分占总蛋白含量分别为:非蛋白氮0.83%,肌浆蛋白26.56%,肌原纤维蛋白18.48%,碱溶性蛋白30.34%,基质蛋白23.79%;马氏珠母贝蛋白氨基酸组成均衡,呈味氨基酸及支链氨基酸含量高,但在各蛋白组分中的含量存在一定差异性.利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)测定的分子量分布结果显示,2种原料蛋白的肌浆蛋白分子量分布范围较宽,集中在200～19 kDa,肌原纤维蛋白分子量分布集中在200～45 kDa,碱溶性蛋白集中分布在41～3 kDa.  相似文献   

马氏珠母贝IGF2BP1基因的鉴定及对矿化相关基因表达的影响     

熊盼盼  张华  何毛贤 《水产学报》2022,46(12):2265-2273

胰岛素样生长因子2结合蛋白( IGF2BPs)是一种重要的RNA代谢调控因子,涉及多个不同的生物学过程。本研究鉴定了一个马氏珠母贝IGF2BP1基因,命名为PfIGF2BP1-1,该基因cDNA全长为7348 bp,ORF长 1818 bp,编码605个氨基酸。多序列比对和系统进化分析表明,PfIGF2BP1-1有2个RRM结构域和4个KH结构域,与其他物种来源的IGF2BPs同源。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PfIGF2BP1-1 在马氏珠母贝的8个组织中均有表达,在肌肉组织表达最高,其次为足和外套膜组织。利用pET-32a 原核表达载体构建了含有PfIGF2BP1-1成熟多肽区的重组质粒并成功表达蛋白。在IPTG浓度为0.5 mmol/L,37 ℃培养8 h的条件下诱导表达PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白最佳。PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白刺激马氏珠母贝外套膜原代细胞,引起壳基质蛋白基因Accbp、MSI7、Nacrein的表达水平显著上升(p < 0.05),表明PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白可诱导壳矿化相关基因的表达参与马氏珠母贝的生物矿化过程。  相似文献   

企鹅珍珠贝和马氏珠母贝软体部脂肪酸组成     

方富永  黄甫  邓陈茂  张强  黄海立 《水产科学》2007,26(7):384-386

对企鹅珍珠贝和马氏珠母贝软体部脂肪进行了提取和测定。结果表明,企鹅珍珠贝和马氏珠母贝软体部脂肪含量分别为8.3%和9.6%。企鹅珍珠贝脂肪酸中DHA EPA的总含量为39.71%,比马氏珠母贝脂肪酸中DHA EPA的总含量(30.86%)高。2种珍珠贝软体部脂肪酸均具有重要的开发利用价值。  相似文献   

马氏珠母贝大亚湾和三亚野生种群内自繁及种群间杂交一代的RAPD分析   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

王爱民  丁小雷  邓凤姣  叶力  阎冰 《海洋水产研究》2003,24(4):19-25

运用RAPD技术分析了广东大亚湾野生种群内繁殖一代DDl群体和海南三亚野生种群内繁殖一代SSl、两野生种群间杂交一代DS1群体各18个个体的遗传多样性。筛选的28个含10碱基的随机引物中，其中11个随机引物可产生稳定和可重复的多态扩增结果，共检测出86个位点，其中DDl群体有74个基因位点，其中56个表现多态，多态比例为75．68％；SSl群体79个基因位点，其中57个表现多态，多态比例是72．15％；DSl群体有72个基因位点，其中64个表现多态，多态比例为88．89％。用修正的Shannon表型多态性指数量化3个群体的遗传多态性，DDl、SSl和DS13个群体的遗传多态性分别为0．2280，0．2ll5和0．2456。不同地理种群间杂交能够增加子代的遗传多态性。  相似文献   

马氏珠母贝不同地理种群内自繁和种群间杂交子一代主要性状的比较   总被引：28，自引：1，他引：28       下载免费PDF全文

王爱民 《水产学报》2003,27(3):200-206

为了培育马氏珠母贝新品种，开展了不同地理种群内自繁和种群间杂交的工作，获得了3个自繁群体和3个杂交群体，BB1、DD1和SS1分别来自北海野生种群(BW)、大亚湾野生种群(DW)和三亚野生种群(SW)自繁一代；BDl、BS1和DSl分别来自BW与DW、BW与SW以及DW与SW杂交一代。运用方差分析对6个子一代群体的5个主要性状(壳长、壳宽、壳厚、总体重和壳重)进行了比较，3个杂交群体未表现出杂种优势。但获得的6个群体将成为进一步选育的基本群体。子一代的变异性增加为进一步选育奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Variation in clearance and ingestion rates by larvae of the black-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera, L.) feeding on various microalgae   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M.S. Doroudi  P.C. Southgate  & J.S. Lucas 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2003,9(1):11-16

Clearance rate (CR) and ingestion rate (IR) of different sizes (89, 125 and 188 μm shell length) of Pinctada margaritifera larvae were determined when feeding on various microalgae. The microalgae tested were the diatoms, Chaetoceros muelleri and C. simplex, and flagellates, Tahitian Isochrysis aff. galbana, Pavlova lutheri and P. salina at 5 or 10 cells μL^–1. Both CR and IR of microalgae tested in this study increased with increasing larval size; but at all larval sizes, diatoms resulted in lower CR and IR. Of the microalgae tested, P. margaritifera larvae showed greatest CR and IR with the two Pavlova spp. Maximum CR for P. salina was 10.5, 21.2 and 29.7 μL h^–1 for larvae with shell lengths of 89, 125 and 188 μm, respectively. The highest IR values for P. margaritifera larvae with shell lengths of 89, 125 and 188 μm were 8.7, 81.0 and 165.7 cells·larva^–1 h^–1, respectively. CR and IR of P. salina were approximately five times higher than those recorded for C. muelleri and C. simplex.  相似文献   

Growth and biometric relationships of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (Gould) on transplanting from the Gulf of Mannar to the Arabian Sea     

Kolliyil S Mohamed  Vasanth Kripa  Tharammal S Velayudhan  Kavintekizhakkathil K Appukuttan 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(7):725-741

Comparative studies were made on the growth and biometric relationships of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (Gould) Tuticorin stock at (Tuticorin (TST) – parent stock) transplanted from the Tuticorin Bay (8.7°N; 78.2°E) in the Gulf of Mannar along the Indian southeast coast to Kollam Bay (8.8°N; 76.5°E) in the Arabian Sea along the Indian southwest coast (Tuticorin stock at Kollam (TSK) – transplanted stock). At the time of transplantation, Kollam Bay did not have a native stock, however, within a year, the transplanted stock spawned and oyster spats were collected from within the farm (Kollam stock (KS) – progeny stock). The growth in dorso‐ventral measurement and total weight in Kollam Bay was 1.4–1.6 times and 3.1 to 6.8 times respectively greater than that observed at Tuticorin. Furthermore, at Kollam Bay, the thickness observed at the end of first year was similar to that obtained at the end of second year in Tuticorin. Both the TSK and KS had significantly higher instantaneous growth rates (IGR) than TST. All the stocks displayed significantly different biometric relationships. The increased growth in Kollam Bay is attributed to the almost double productivity in the Arabian Sea compared with the Bay of Bengal. It is concluded that in the case of P. fucata, the site and its interaction with environment are important determinants of growth and shell dimensions. The present study clearly indicates that the environmental conditions prevailing along the southeast Arabian Sea are congenial for the growth, gametogenesis, spawning and settlement of P. fucata larvae. In spite of strong monsoonal influences in the hydrology of Kollam Bay, the growth and reproduction of P. fucata stocks indicates its relative hardiness and ability to adapt to a changed environment.  相似文献   

Excavating sponges that are destructive to farmed pearl oysters in Western and Northern Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jane Fromont  Robert Craig  Luisa Rawlinson  & Jackie Alder † 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(2):150-162

Species of the family Clionaidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) that excavate shell of the silver‐lip pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima, in north Western and Northern Australia are described. Two species belong to the genus Cliona and one species to the closely related genus Pione. Cliona orientalis has only recently been reported from Australia in living and dead coral on the Great Barrier Reef, and this is the first report of this species from north Western and Northern Australia. Cliona dissimilis is reported from Australia for the first time. Pione velans was first described from Shark Bay, Western Australia and this study extends its distribution from Albany, south Western Australia to Port Bremer in the Northern Territory. The most common species found was C. dissimilis. Pione velans and C. orientalis were also present, although the latter species was rare. Cliona dissimilis and P. velans were found to be sexually reproductive in some shells with specimens of C. dissimilis with oocytes in May and P. velans in September 1999. Egg development was synchronous, indicating that the sponges were oviparous and would broadcast gametes in a spawning event.  相似文献   

Fouling and predation; how do they affect growth and survival of the blacklip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, during nursery culture?     

Josiah H. Pit  Paul C. Southgate 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):545-555

This paper reports on 5 experiments conducted to assess the effect of cleaning regime and predation on growth and survival of blacklip pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera) juveniles in north Queensland, Australia. P. margaritifera juveniles with a mean (±SE) dorso-ventral shell height (DVH) of 4.5 ± 0.1 mm were placed into plastic mesh trays and cleaned either every 4 or 8 weeks or left uncleaned for 16 weeks. Cleaning regime had a significant effect on growth and survival (P < 0.005). Lowest DVH (16.2 ± 1.0) was shown by oysters in uncleaned trays during 16 weeks compared to oysters in cleaned trays; however, there was no significant difference in DVH between oysters held in trays cleaned every 4 (19.4 ± 1.2) or 8 weeks (21.2 ± 0.8). In contrast lowest survival was shown by oysters held in trays that were cleaned every 4 weeks (30 ± 5%), but no differences were noted between oysters cleaned every 8 weeks (63 ± 4%) and oysters that were left uncleaned for 16 weeks (75 ± 8%). Predators of P. margaritifera in northern Australia included crabs, stomatopods, flatworms, gastropods and fish. The stomatopod, Gonodactylus falcatus, was the most destructive predator with individuals consuming in excess of 20 juvenile pearl oysters per week. The leather jacket, Paramonocanthus japonicus, did not kill pearl oysters, but trimmed the margin of oysters shells significantly reducing DVH when compared to control groups cultured without fish. Removing predators monthly had a significant effect on growth of pearl oysters compared to oysters in non-inspected trays; however monthly inspection of culture trays did not significantly improve oyster survival. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献