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Traditional concept has been that hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are tissue-specific stem cells, which are restricted to generate the cell types of the blood and immune system. However, recent studies have shown that there is a higher plasticity of the HSC than previous expected, it can be induced to transdifferentiated into mature cells of other nonhematopoietic organs after transplantation in vivo. In this article, the recent advances in the plasticity of HSC and its potential clinical application are reviewed. 相似文献
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The mechanism that controls the proportion of cannabichromene (CBC), a potential pharmaceutical, in the cannabinoid fraction
of Cannabis sativa L. is explored. As with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), CBC is an enzymatic conversion product of the precursor
cannabigerol (CBG). CBC is reported to dominate the cannabinoid fraction of juveniles and to decline with maturation. This
ontogeny was confirmed in inbred lines with different mature chemotypes. A consistent CBC presence was found in early leaves
from a diverse clone collection, suggesting that CBC synthase is encoded by a fixed locus. Morphological variants possessing
a ‘prolonged juvenile chemotype’ (PJC), a substantial proportion of CBC persisting up to maturity, are presented. PJC is associated
with a reduced presence of floral bracts, bracteoles, and capitate-stalked trichomes. Genetic factors causing these features
were independent of the allelic chemotype locus B that was previously postulated and regulates THC and CBD synthesis and CBG accumulation. In contrast to previously described
Cannabis chemotypes, the cannabinoid composition of PJCs showed plasticity in that reduced light levels increased the CBC proportion.
The ability of PJC plants to enable the production of pharmaceutical raw material with high CBC purity is demonstrated. 相似文献
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Carbohydrate composition in relation to structural stability, compactibility and plasticity of two soils in a long-term experiment 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
B. C. Ball M. V. Cheshire E. A. G. Robertson E. A. Hunter 《Soil & Tillage Research》1996,39(3-4):143-160
The effects of tillage on soil organic carbon content, carbohydrate content, monosaccharide composition, aggregate stability, compactibility and plasticity were investigated in a field experiment on a gleysol and on a cambisol under winter barley in South-East Scotland. Two long-term treatments (direct drilling and conventional mouldboard ploughing for 22 years) were compared with short-term direct drilling and broadcast sowing plus rotavation for 5 years. Carbohydrate released sequentially to cold water, hot water, 1.0 M HCl and 0.5 M NaOH was determined after hydrolysis as reducing sugar equivalent to glucose in both fresh and air-dried samples. All other measurements were made on dry soils only. About 3% of the soluble carbohydrate was extracted by cold water, 10% by hot water, 12% by HCl and 75% by NaOH from both the dry and fresh soils. The total reducing sugars of the fractions were proportional to the total organic carbon determined by dichromate oxidation or C analysis. Organic carbon and carbohydrates were concentrated near the surface of the direct drilled soil, but were more uniformly distributed with depth in the ploughed soil. The surface soil under direct drilling was more stable, less compactible and had greater plasticity limits than under ploughing. However, particle size distributions were unaffected by tillage so that differences in soil properties were attributed to differences in the quantity and quality of organic matter. Differences in compactibility, structural stability and plasticity limits between depths and tillage treatments correlated with total carbon and with total carbohydrates. The hot water extractable carbohydrate fraction correlated best with aggregate stability and the NaOH fraction correlated best with compactibility and plastic limit. Both fractions were greatest in the long-term direct drilled soil. The hot water fraction had a galactose plus mannose over arabinose plus xylose ratio of 1.0–1.6 in comparison to 0.4–0.7 in the NaOH fraction indicating that the microbial contribution within the hot water-soluble fraction was the greater. The hot-water fraction was likely to contain more exocellular microbial polysaccharides involved in the stabilizing of soil aggregates. The hot-water and NaOH carbohydrate fractions may be good indicators of soil organic matter quality relevant to the preservation of good soil physical conditions. 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对蕨麻克隆构件的可塑性反应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了匍匐茎克隆草本植物蕨麻原变种(PotentillaanserineL.var．anserina)对干旱胁迫(即聚已二醇6000的浓度为0、5％、10％、15％、20％,10个重复)的表型可塑性:随着聚已二醇6000浓度的增加,实验植物的生物量显著减小;死亡率上升;基株叶片数目、基株叶片长度、基株叶片宽度具有显著的株间差异,呈二次曲线变化。因而在高寒地区的生态恢复中具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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Patricia Martins Luis Sampedro Xoaquín Moreira Rafael Zas 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009,258(7):1429-1436
The low nutrient availability of the acidic and sandy soils of Galicia (Northwest Spain) is probably the main environmental factor limiting forest primary productivity in the area. These particular edaphic conditions could have imposed selective pressures on maritime pine populations leading to specific local adaptations.We first assessed the nutritional status of 22 young contemporary Pinus pinaster plantations in Northwest Spain, and then analysed the response to fertilization in three family × fertilization trials, and how this response varied across sites and genotypes.Growth of P. pinaster in Northwest Spain appeared to be largely limited by nutrient availability, where most of the plantations showed severe nutrient deficiencies, especially in P and Mg. According to these deficiencies, a strong positive response to nutrient additions was observed in the three trials, with height increments of up to 30% compared with the unfertilized control. However, the response to fertilizers was very variable from site to site, and in some cases did not agree with the foliar nutritional diagnosis. The response to fertilization was also significantly affected by pine genotype, suggesting that the plastic response to nutrient additions within each environment was under genetic control. However, the family response to nutrient availability was not consistent across sites, and no significant differences among families were observed for the RDPI plasticity index – a single index that summarizes the phenotypic change in multiple environments – when analysed across environments.The strong environmental component modulating phenotypic responses to fertilization could impose an important obstacle to evolve specific adaptations to the local edaphic conditions, as well as to artificially select genotypes adapted to different environments and silviculture regimes. 相似文献
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中国沙棘克隆生长格局对不同灌水强度的响应 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了探讨克隆生长调节对策和寻找最佳灌水强度,对中国沙棘种群在不同灌水强度条件下的克隆生长格局进行了对比研究。结果表明,随着灌水强度的增加,子株数量(密度)、一级萌蘖根茎、萌蘖根总长度、萌蘖根条数以及萌蘖根分枝级数均表现为二次抛物线(先增后减)变化,种群生长格局呈现出"游击型"→"集团型"→"游击型"。 相似文献
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