用生态经济型植物控制豚草的"绿色污染"   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

周早弘  舒洪岚 《江西林业科技》2004,(1):37-39

豚草是一种严重危害农业生产、人体健康和生物环境的恶性杂草，是一种典型的“绿色污染”。根据群落演替规律，采用具有生态和经济功能的树种创造不利豚草生长的环境，人为创建多物种和谐共存的植物群落，能降低豚草的种群优势，使单一种群优势转变为良性演替的生态系统。  相似文献   

Societal expectations of livestock farming in relation to environmental effects in Europe     

J.A. Milne 《Livestock Production Science》2005,96(1):3-9

The potential environmental effects of livestock farming are mainly associated with intensification of poultry, pig and dairy cow production systems. The major impacts are mainly caused by housing of livestock, which can lead to air and water pollution associated with nitrogen and phosphorus emissions and losses from manure. European countries regulate the potential for these types of pollution through a number of mechanisms, which have received wide public acceptance. In grazing systems, nitrogen pollution, associated with the use of nitrogen fertilizer, is also the subject of legislation. Perhaps because of this regulatory approach, surveys of the public have found that human food quality and animal welfare are more important issues than effects on air and water quality when considering livestock systems.Variation in stocking rates of grazing ruminants can change the structure and composition of pastures with potential impacts on biodiversity and the production of methane, a greenhouse gas. In European countries, maximum stocking rates have been set to reduce these impacts. Surveys of the European public have suggested that they are willing to pay for the mitigation of these environmental effects but that they also value strongly the cultural component of grazed livestock systems. There are few underlying concepts about how society views the environmental impacts of livestock systems. These are used to conclude that current attitudes are likely to prevail in the next decade.  相似文献   

西吉县农用地膜应用污染现状及对策     

马兴华  王攀峰 《青海农林科技》2014,(3):94-95

本文就西吉县农用地膜的应用现状和污染现状进行了分析,并就这一现状提出了促进旱作农业可持续发展的对策措施。  相似文献   

市郊菜园土壤污染及治理   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李佩祥  刘宗佩 《长江蔬菜》1996,(2):32-34

针对衡阳市郊菜园土壤受到污染的实际，分析了主要污染源，提出了控制与治理污染的措施。  相似文献   

The potential contribution of separation technologies to the management of livestock manure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C.H. Burton   《Livestock Science》2007,112(3):208-216

Separation processes have a distinct role in the management of livestock slurries, but it is important to recognise their limitations. Such technology can direct certain manure components into a small volume of a concentrated stream which is useful for the production of organic products in subsequent processes. Equipment generally falls into systems based either on mechanical screening (which can produce a fibrous and seemingly dry product), filtration processes (producing a cake), or sedimentation leading to a sludge product. Although physical separation can remove up to 80% of the total solids content from livestock manures, this will only include a relatively small part of the soluble nutrient and of the reactive organic matter; this is particularly so where separation is based on screens. The complete removal of all suspended matter (total clarification) of an effluent is theoretically possible by settling — a decanter centrifuge will accelerate the process. This can remove most of the phosphorous, especially if coupled with chemical pre-treatment to raise the pH. However, the clarified stream still retains a significant polluting potential in terms of the residual nitrogen content (as ammonia) and potassium. Only membrane separation can greatly reduce the potassium concentration, but such technology is rarely suitable for the farm situation.  相似文献   

浅谈我国农田土壤重金属污染现状及修复研究          下载免费PDF全文

朱雅琪 《现代农业科技》2024,(5)

农田土壤重金属污染导致农作物重金属含量超标,这些重金属随食物链进入人体内,对人体健康造成危害。了解农田土壤重金属污染现状、重金属污染对农作物的危害,以及污染农田的治理修复,对维护人体健康具有重要意义。本文综述了我国农田土壤重金属污染现状,分析了农田土壤重金属污染可能对农作物造成的影响,概括了目前农田土壤重金属污染的主要治理方式,并分析了这些治理方式的差异性和优缺点,对未来农田土壤重金属污染治理的方向作出了展望。为该领域初学者了解该领域研究方向、发展趋势和研究热点提供了指导,也为我国农田土壤重金属污染治理的进一步研究提供参考。  相似文献   

野外昆虫与蚕种生产中的微粒子病防治   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

蔡志伟  鲁兴萌  吴忠长 《蚕桑通报》2000,(2)

家蚕体内分离发现的 5种微粒子虫中 ,除家蚕微粒子虫 ( N osema bombycis)外未发现对家蚕具有较强致病性和胚传性的微粒子虫。野外昆虫中已有大量微粒子虫被发现 ,其中有些对家蚕也有很强的致病性和胚传性 ,但其原始寄主尚有诸多不明之处。所以 ,蚕种生产中防止野外昆虫微粒子虫对生产影响的根本途径在于控制家蚕微粒子虫污染的扩散和桑园治虫  相似文献   

人造板工业生产中污染控制的经济分析     

沈文星 《木材工业》2003,17(6):27-30

人造板工业发展过程中对环境污染的控制非常重要。本文通过对人造板企业经济行为的负外部性、政府管制的重要性和适度排污点的经济分析，提出了国家制定标准、环境收费和政府补助等对策措施，以控制污染。  相似文献   

江苏省畜禽粪便污染现状与防治对策   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

张绪美  董元华  王辉  沈旦 《土壤》2007,39(5):708-712

根据2000年以来江苏省畜禽饲养状况的有关资料,利用各类畜禽粪便日排泄系数估算畜禽粪便量,在此基础上计算江苏省各地畜禽粪便污染负荷量。研究发现,江苏省畜禽养殖业产生的粪便及各类污染物数量巨大,盐城市产生的粪便及各类污染物居全省首位,南通市次之;江苏省畜禽粪便污染负荷量平均为16.5t/(hm~2·a),南通市畜禽粪便污染负荷量最高,达26.7t/(hm~2·a)。全省畜禽粪便污染负荷最高的县是南通市的海安县,其次是盐城市的盐都县。最后本文分析了畜禽粪便污染环境的主要原因并提出了畜禽养殖污染防治的对策。  相似文献   

广东省典型区域农业土壤中重金属污染空间差异及原因分析   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

杨国义  张天彬  万洪富  罗薇  高原雪 《土壤》2007,39(3):387-392

分析了广东东翼(汕头)、西翼(湛江)和珠江三角洲(东莞、惠州、中山和顺德)等典型区域农业土壤中8种重金属(Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cd、As和Hg)元素的含量。结果表明,578个农业土壤表层样中,有230个样品的重金属含量超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准值,超标率39.79%,Pb没有超标,Ni超标最严重;果园土比水稻土、菜园土污染严重;不同区域的土壤污染程度是珠江三角洲>东翼(汕头)>西翼(湛江),珠江三角洲的西、北江流域(中山、顺德)土壤重金属污染程度要比东江流域(东莞、惠州)严重。人为因素、成土母质和不同流域水质差异是造成广东典型区域农业土壤重金属污染的原因。  相似文献