Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate     

Ruimin Chao  Chengqiang Xia  Caixia Pei  Wenjie Huo  Qiang Liu  Chunxiang Zhang  Youshe Ren 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(1):26-34

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep.  相似文献   

The microbial diversity and structure in peatland forest in Indonesia     

Bing Liu  Muhamed Jamal Hosen Talukder  Eeva Terhonen  Maija Lampela  Harry Vasander  Hui Sun  Fred Asiegbu 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(1):123-138

The microbial community structure and function under forest in tropical peatlands are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the microbial community structure and diversity in natural peat swamp forest soil, disturbed peat soil and mineral soil in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, using 454 pyrosequencing. The results showed that the natural peat soil had the greatest fungal species richness (Chao1), which was significantly (p < .05) larger than that in the other two soils. Community structure of both fungi and bacteria in natural peat soil differed significantly from that in the disturbed peat soil (p = .039 and p = .045, respectively). Ascomycota (40.5%) was the most abundant phylum across the three soils followed by Basidiomycota (18.8%), Zygomycota (<0.1%) and Glomeromycota (<0.1%). The linear discriminant analysis with effect size (LEfSe) showed that Ascomycota (p < .05) and genus Gliocephalotrichum (p < .05) dominated in natural peat soil. Functionally, pathotrophs were more abundant in disturbed peat soil (p < .05). Proteobacteria (43.8%) were the most abundant phylum followed by Acidobacteria (32.6%), Actinobacteria (9.8%), Planctomycetes (1.7%). Methylocystis, Telmatospirillum, Syntrophobacter, Sorangium and Opitutus were the more abundant genera in disturbed peat soil, whereas Nevskia and Schlesneria were more abundant in mineral soil and natural peat soil, respectively. The natural peat forest soil supported a more diverse microbiology; however, the land use of such a soil can change its microbial community structure. The results provide evidence that the disturbance of tropical peat land could lead to the introduction and spread of a large number of fungal diseases  相似文献   

社会林业与五指山的自然保护   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周燕华  包焱 《热带林业》2001,29(2):73-80

五指山自然保护区是世界上现存地势最高的原始热带雨林之一，是我省目前面积最大的自然保护区，也是海南三大河流的发源地。但由于保护区横跨琼中、通什、保亭三县、市，紧邻保护区还生存着众多贫困的黎、苗族村民。因此，保护区与周边社区的联系是十分紧密的，社区的发展也直接影响到五指山热带天然林的保护。海南省林业局中德海南热带林保护和恢复项目在社会林业与五指山森林的保护上做出了有益的尝试，就在全省来说，也是首次对社会林业与森林保护上进行的探索。五指山地区社会林业的研究，对保护海南热带雨林也有着积极的意义。特对社会林业与五指山的森林保护进行了阐述、分析和设想。  相似文献   

Propagation techniques on root turion sprout browse ofPopulus davidiana Dode     

Xing Ya-juan  Wang Qing-gui  Wang Yan-he 《林业研究》2001,12(2):143-145

The root segments selected from dominant trees ofPopulus davidiana Dode were taken as reproductive material and were buried in different depths to carry out the reproduction of root turion sprout. The affecting factors of gemination rate, survival rate, and height growth for cutting wood of root sprout were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the best suitable substrate for burying root is pearlite, with a germination rate of 15.16%. 3–4-cm root segments has the highest rate of germination (12.4%). The mixture of sand and soil (2∶1) is the best cutting substrate, with a survival rate of 81.3%, while as to height growth of cutting wood, the mixture of turfy and soil (1∶1) is the best. The cutting woods selected from different positions of stem show difference in height growth. The cutting wood from top stem is higher obviously than those from middle or low stem. Biography: XING Ya-juan (1969-), female, assistant researcher in Forest Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan  相似文献   

关中地区几种苜蓿地上生物量初步研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

郑红梅  李明胜  呼天明 《草业科学》2005,22(7):19-22

对5个苜蓿Medicago sativa品种的地上生物量形成规律进行了初步研究.结果表明:苜蓿生物量的增长速率不仅与本身生理特性有关,而且与环境密切相关;株高在分枝末期现蕾初期增长速度快.绝对生长速率与相对生长速率在分枝末期现蕾期都较大,此时的水分管理具有重要意义;不同苜蓿品种的群落结构大多为菱形;同化系统与非同化系统的比值随高度的增加而减少.  相似文献   

施肥对红三叶群落营养元素含量和积累量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜占池  钟华平 《四川草原》2001,(4):14-16

本文研究了施肥对红三叶群落地上部和地下部 1 0种营养元素的影响 ,结果如下 :( 1 )从含量看 ,施氮肥后 ,地上部B明显降低 ,地下部B明显升高 ;施磷肥后 ,地上部N、B显著下降 ,地下部K、P、N上升幅度较大。 ( 2 )就积累量而言 ,施氮肥后 ,地上部大多数元素增高 ,地下部多数元素降低或无变化 ;施磷肥后 ,无论地上部还是地下部 ,大多数元素均有所增高  相似文献   

应用热脉冲技术对小美旱杨耗水量的研究   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

高岩  张汝民  刘静  郭景霞 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,22(1):44-48

应用热脉冲对河套灌区农田防护小美旱杨（Populus popular’s）日蒸腾耗水量进行了研究。结果表明：在正常生长状态下，小美旱杨的日蒸腾耗水量变化曲线呈宽峰状，随着林龄增加，日蒸腾耗水量逐渐增加，在不同水分条件下,灌水时日蒸腾耗水量：萌生苗日蒸腾耗水量大于扦插日蒸腾耗水量。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地差巴嘎蒿——杂类草群落结构、功能的沙漠化演变特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵哈林  周瑞莲 《草业学报》1993,2(1):21-27

研究结果表明：在沙漠化发展过程中，差巴嘎蒿－－杂类草群落（1）首先是植物种组成数量和密度大幅度减少，继而植被盖度和地上生物量急剧下降，四项指标受沙漠化影响的强弱顺序是密度＞植物种数量＞工＞地上生物量；（2）结构趋于简单，功能逐渐消退，优势种或亚优势种发生更替，群落最终变性；（3）沙漠化演变既有连续性又有间断性，随着沙漠化的加剧，其连续性变弱，间断性增强，变幅增大；（4）轻度沙漠化时群落稳定性最高，严重沙漠化可导致其稳定性迅速破坏；（5）对沙漠化的危害，表现出一定的时滞效应和自我适应调节能力，这两个问题有等于进一步研究。  相似文献   

Cloning of plasma membrane H-ATPase gene in Populus euphratica Oliv.     

Ning De-juan Hou Pei-chen Hu Zan-min Shen Xin Chen Shao-liang College of Biological Sciences  Biotechnology  Beijing Forestry University  Beijing  P. R. China Institute of Genetics  Developmental Biology  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  P. R. China 《中国林学(英文版)》2006,8(4):15-19

For this paper, the plasma membrane (PM) H -ATPase gene has been cloned from Populus euphratica Oliv. through a homology based strategy. The isolated 3,210 bp cDNA contains a single 2,862 bp open reading frame (ORF) which encodes a putative H -ATPase protein of 953 amino acid residues, with a significant homology to plasma membrane H -ATPase of Primus persica, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sesbania rostrata and Daucus carota. The predicted protein has a molecular weight of 104,553 Da. The copy number analysis revealed multiple copies of the PM H -ATPase in the P. euphratica genome after digestion of their genomic DNA by the restriction enzymes EcoRI, NdeⅠ, FbaⅠand BglⅡ, and Southern blot.  相似文献   

甑峰山苔藓植物群落组成的考察报告     

康学耕  张恕茗 《吉林农业大学学报》1992,(1)

本文根据所采标本和野外实地观察记录,比较详细地描述了甑峰山苔藓植物的群落组成,初步揭示了该山各种生态环境下苔藓植物的生长分布规律。  相似文献