避雨栽培对川农泡椒1号品质的影响     

白娟 《长江蔬菜》2014,(24)

以川农泡椒1号为试验材料,研究遮阳网+薄膜、遮阳网和露地3种栽培模式对川农泡椒1号品质的影响。试验结果表明,在夏季采用避雨栽培后,辣椒品质有所下降,其中VC、还原糖的含量均极显著低于对照,总糖含量差异不显著。而在避雨栽培的两种模式中,遮阳网+薄膜模式比遮阳网模式VC含量高5.4%,差异显著;还原糖高10.8%,差异极显著;总糖高0.8%,差异不显著。  相似文献   

Post-fire soil respiration in relation to burnt wood management in a Mediterranean mountain ecosystem     

S. Marañón-Jiménez  J. Castro  A.S. Kowalski  P. Serrano-OrtizB.R. Reverter  E.P. Sánchez-Cañete  R. Zamora 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(8):1436-1447

After a wildfire, the management of burnt wood may determine microclimatic conditions and microbiological activity with the potential to affect soil respiration. To experimentally analyze the effect on soil respiration, we manipulated a recently burned pine forest in a Mediterranean mountain (Sierra Nevada National and Natural Park, SE Spain). Three representative treatments of post-fire burnt wood management were established at two elevations: (1) “salvage logging” (SL), where all trees were cut, trunks removed, and branches chipped; (2) “non-intervention” (NI), leaving all burnt trees standing; and (3) “cut plus lopping” (CL), a treatment where burnt trees were felled, with the main branches lopped off, but left in situ partially covering the ground surface. Seasonal measurements were carried out over the course of two years. In addition, we performed continuous diurnal campaigns and an irrigation experiment to ascertain the roles of soil temperature and moisture in determining CO₂ fluxes across treatments. Soil CO₂ fluxes were highest in CL (average of 3.34 ± 0.19 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and the lowest in SL (2.21 ± 0.11 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹). Across seasons, basal values were registered during summer (average of 1.46 ± 0.04 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹), but increased during the humid seasons (up to 10.07 ± 1.08 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ in spring in CL). Seasonal and treatment patterns were consistent at the two elevations (1477 and 2317 m a.s.l.), although respiration was half as high at the higher altitude.Respiration was mainly controlled by soil moisture. Watering during the summer drought boosted CO₂ effluxes (up to 37 ± 6 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ just after water addition), which then decreased to basal values as the soil dried. About 64% of CO₂ emissions during the first 24 h could be attributed to the degasification of soil pores, with the rest likely related to biological processes. The patterns of CO₂ effluxes under experimental watering were similar to the seasonal tendencies, with the highest pulse in CL. Temperature, however, had a weak effect on soil respiration, with Q₁₀ values of ca. 1 across seasons and soil moisture conditions. These results represent a first step towards illustrating the effects of post-fire burnt wood management on soil respiration, and eventually carbon sequestration.  相似文献   

Nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and denitrification potential in contrasting lowland rain forest types in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia     

R.R.E. Vernimmen  H.A. Verhoef  L.A. Bruijnzeel  H.R. Zoomer 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(12):2992-3003

Nitrogen mineralization and denitrification potential in litter were measured during a dry and a wet period in a Bornean Lowland Evergreen Rain Forest (LERF) and two nearby Heath Forests (HF) of contrasting stature. Nitrification was very low or non-existent in all forest types and ammonification was the major constituent of nitrogen (N) mineralization. Rates of net N mineralization in the HFs on infertile sandy soils were lower than in the LERF on a more nutrient-rich clay soil or other LERFs, both during dry and wet conditions. We attribute the differences to the lower litter quality in the HFs compared to LERF. When dissolved organic nitrogen (DON-N) was included, N uptake was the same (15-17 μg g⁻¹ d⁻¹) in all three forest types. We conclude that N availability is the same in all three forest types and that N deficiency is not the reason for the reduced stature of Heath Forests compared to LERF. All three-forest types had denitrifiers present in the ectorganic layers but denitrification will only play a minor role in the N-cycle as nitrification rates were very low.  相似文献   

Landscape irrigation scheduling efficiency and adequacy by various control technologies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M.S. McCreadyM.D. Dukes 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(4):697-704

Automated residential irrigation systems tend to result in higher water use than non-automated systems. Increasing the scheduling efficiency of an automated irrigation system provides the opportunity to conserve water resources while maintaining good landscape quality. Control technologies available for reducing over-irrigation include evapotranspiration (ET) based controllers, soil moisture sensor (SMS) controllers, and rain sensors (RS). The purpose of this research was to evaluate the capability of these control technologies to schedule irrigation compared to a soil water balance model based on the Irrigation Association (IA) Smart Water Application Technologies (SWAT) testing protocol. Irrigation adequacy and scheduling efficiency were calculated in 30-day running totals to determine the amount of over- or under-irrigation for each control technology based on the IA SWAT testing protocol. A time-based treatment with irrigation 2 days/week and no rain sensor (NRS) was established as a comparison. In general, the irrigation adequacy ratings (measure of under-irrigation) for the treatments were higher during the fall months of testing than the spring months due to lower ET resulting in lower irrigation demand. Scheduling efficiency values (measure of over-irrigation) decreased for all treatments when rainfall increased. During the rainy period of this testing, total rainfall was almost double reference evapotranspiration (ET_o) while in the remaining three testing periods the opposite was true. The 30-day irrigation adequacy values, considering all treatments, varied during the testing periods by 0-68 percentile points. Looking at only one 30-day testing period, as is done in the IA SWAT testing protocol, will not fully capture the performance of an irrigation controller. Scheduling efficiency alone was not a good indicator of controller performance. The amount of water applied and the timing of application were both important to maintaining acceptable turfgrass quality and receiving good irrigation adequacy and scheduling efficiency scores.  相似文献   

定西半干旱地区春小麦抑蒸集水抗旱技术研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

朱国庆  史学贵  李巧珍 《中国农业气象》2002,23(2):17-21

通过1997－2000年的田间试验，分析施用农气3号，Fa“旱地龙”、保水剂拌种等化学方法与地膜覆盖，农田微集水等物理方法的各种组合在春小麦上的应用情况。结果表明，在定西半干旱雨养农业区以畦集水为主配合抗旱剂的集成技术增产效果最好，且年际变异小，效果稳定，即使在特别干旱年份仍然具有稳定的优势，是定西半干旱地区最为理想的抑蒸集水抗旱技术，该技术可使春小麦早出苗4d，出苗率提高17－18个百分点；产量提高17．6％－72．8％；水分利用效率平均提高3.05kg.mm^-1.hm^-2，增幅达39．1％。  相似文献   

棚膜颜色对避雨栽培酿酒葡萄果实品质的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

左丽丽  刘美迎  惠竹梅  张振文 《西北农业学报》2015,24(8):116-122

为揭示棚膜颜色对避雨栽培酿酒葡萄[赤霞珠(Cabernet sauvignon)]果实品质的影响,分别对露地栽培和不同颜色棚膜(红、黄、蓝、紫、白)避雨栽培下果穗周围空气温湿度、风速以及果实品质进行比较。结果表明:1与露地栽培相比,避雨栽培降低葡萄果穗附近的空气温度,其大小为空白对照白色棚膜蓝色棚膜紫色棚膜黄色棚膜红色棚膜;避雨栽培提高果穗周围空气的湿度,棚膜颜色对湿度的影响结果与温度相反;避雨栽培能降低果穗周围的风速,不同颜色棚膜处理之间的风速无显著差异。2避雨栽培中蓝、黄、红色棚膜均能提高赤霞珠葡萄果实的糖酸质量浓度,其中紫色和红色棚膜处理分别对还原糖和总酸质量浓度影响最大,而白、紫色棚膜在提高其含糖量的同时降低总酸质量浓度。3紫色棚膜处理下葡萄果实的单宁质量分数最高,其次为蓝色棚膜和露地栽培,白色棚膜最低;总花色素质量分数在紫色棚膜和露地栽培下最高,其次为蓝色棚膜,红色棚膜最低;露地栽培、紫色棚膜、蓝色棚膜、黄色棚膜、红色棚膜、白色棚膜下的总酚质量分数依次降低。因此,采用紫色棚膜覆盖能够提高酿酒葡萄果实品质。  相似文献   

《杂粮作物》性质及学科分类     

《安徽农业科学》2012,40(3)

根据期刊性质和学科分类方法,以文献数量为依据对《杂粮作物》进行分类。结果发现,《杂粮作物》2010年刊登的论文以学术性为主,农作物类文献占当年发表文献总量的79.27%,其余学科文献均较少,不能划入相应学科。因此应将该刊归类为农作物类专业学术期刊。  相似文献   

Efficiency of wheat straw mulching in reducing soil and water losses from three typical soils of the Loess Plateau,China     

《国际水土保持研究(英文)》2019,7(4):335-345

Mulching the soil surface with a layer of plant residue is considered an effective method of conserving water and soil because it increases water infiltration into the soil, reduces surface runoff and the soil erosion, and reduces flow velocity and the sediment carrying capacity of overland flow. However, application of plant residues increases operational costs and so optimal levels of mulch in order to prevent soil and/or water losses should be used according to the soil type and rainfall and slope conditions. In this study, the effect of wheat straw mulch rate on the total runoff and total soil losses from 60-mm simulated rainstorms was assessed for two intensive rainfalls (90 and 180 mm h⁻¹) on three slope gradients typical conditions on the Loess Plateau of China and elsewhere. For short slopes (1 m), the optimal mulch rate to save water for a silt loam and a loam soil was 0.4 kg m⁻². However, for a clay loam soil the mulch rate of 0.4 kg m⁻² would be optimal only under the 90 mm h⁻¹ rainfall; 0.8 kg m⁻² was required for the 180 mm h⁻¹. In order to save soil, a mulch rate of 0.2 kg m⁻² on the silt loam slopes prevented 60%–80% of the soil losses. For the loam soil, mulch at the rate of 0.4 kg m⁻² was essential in most cases in order to reduce soil losses substantially. For the clay loam, 0.4 kg m⁻² may be optimal under the 90 mm h⁻¹ rain, but 0.8 kg m⁻² may be required for the 180 mm h⁻¹ rainstorm. These optimal values would also need to be considered alongside other factors since the mulch may have value if used elsewhere. Hence doubling the optimal mulch rate for the silt loam soil from 0.2 kg m⁻² or the clay loam soil under 90 mm h⁻¹ rainfall from 0.4 kg m⁻² in order to achieve a further 10% reduction in soil loss needs to be assessed in that context. Therefore, Optimal mulch rate can be an effective approach to virtually reduce costs or to maximize the area that can be treated. Meantime, soil conservationist should be aware that levels of mulch for short slopes might not be suitable for long slopes.  相似文献   

高尔夫草坪病虫害研究进展     

许天委  郝慧华  吴小霞  林春光 《热带作物学报》2015,35(9):60-65

为了让避雨设施栽培进一步在杧果生产上应用,以3 a生的‘热农1号’杧果为试材,研究了避雨对杧果两性花率、果实生长发育、产量和采后耐贮性的影响。结果表明：避雨栽培下杧果平均两性花率为35.9%,显著高于对照;花穗寒害率为42.7%,比对照降低24.6%;果实平均增产75.7%,显著高于对照,且果实采后烂果率和病情指数得到有效控制;果实大小和单果质量略有降低,最终座果率、内在品质均与对照无显著差异。避雨设施栽培在南方多雨产区具有一定的应用和推广价值。  相似文献   

Soil and litter fauna of cacao agroforestry systems in Bahia,Brazil     

M. K. da Silva Moço  E. F. da Gama-Rodrigues  A. C. da Gama-Rodrigues  R. C. R. Machado  V. C. Baligar 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,76(1):127-138

Agroforestry systems deposit great amounts of plant residues on soil and this leads to high levels of soil organic matter content and has increased soil biodiversity and improved its conservation. This study compares the distribution of meso and macrofaunal communities in soil and litter under cacao agroforestry systems and in a natural forest in the southern Bahia state of Brazil. Soil and litter samples were obtained in September 2003, February 2004, and August 2004 in five cacao agroforestry systems. The systems evaluated included: cacao renewed under Erythrina sp. (Erythrina poeppigiana) (CRE); cacao renewed under natural forest (Cabruca, CRF); an old cacao system under Erythrina sp. (OCE); an old cacao system under a natural forest system (Cabruca, OCF) and a cacao germplasm collection area (CGC). As a reference soil and litter under a natural forest (NF) was included. Organisms were collected over a 15-day period with a Berlese–Tullgren apparatus. The density and richness of total fauna varied distinctly according to sites, sampling time and material sampled (soil and litter). 16,409 of fauna were recovered from soil and litter samples and the density of total fauna was 2,094 individuals m⁻² in the litter and 641 individuals m⁻² in the soil. The richness was 11.8 in the litter and 7.5 in the soil. The cacao agroforestry systems adopted for growing cacao in the southern Bahia region of Brazil have beneficial effects on the soil and litter faunal communities, and such systems of cacao cultivation could be considered as a conservation system for soil fauna. The development of a litter layer resulted in higher abundance and diversity of soil fauna.  相似文献