对两个玉米雄性不育系的细胞质分类研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李建生  徐尚忠 《作物学报》1993,19(2):156-164

本文从普通遗传学、植物病理学和分子生物学的水平对玉米雄花不育系—元徐cms—小黄和恩二激cms—大黄进行了综合性的分类研究。大田的育性反应表明，这两个不育系的育性恢复受一对显性基因控制。对花粉染色的观察发现F1可育花粉与败育花粉基本上呈1：1分离。用小斑病T小种接种，这两个不育系不表现专化感染。通过mtDNA的分析  相似文献   

避免曲轴提前报废修复技巧研究     

马文烈  刘仁鑫  郑建鸿  李晓珍 《拖拉机与农用运输车》2006,33(5):88-89

通过对各种机型曲轴的磨损分析,确定曲轴磨损至极限尺寸时的相应对策及磨修技巧。  相似文献   

自压喷灌技术在高寒干旱区草地植被恢复的应用浅析     

多吉顿珠  巴桑赤烈  刘玉 《水土保持研究》2016,(2):55-59

针对高海拔、寒冷和干旱等恶劣气候环境地区草地植被恢复的瓶颈问题,结合可持续发展战略内涵,该研究系统地介绍了高寒干旱区草地自压喷灌技术,采用创新设计,设置围栏、围栏+喷灌、未围栏3个处理的初级生产效益对比分析试验。结果显示,围栏封育+自压喷灌样地植物平均高度比未围栏样地增加了155.77%,比仅围栏样地增加了76.71%;群落盖度比未围栏样地增加了152.69%,比仅围栏样地增加了35.96%;群落生产力比未围栏样地增加了110.00%,比仅围栏样地增加了24.10%。结果表明,自压喷灌技术在水源和地形条件具备的高寒干旱草地恢复中具备一定的示范和推广潜力,为西藏地区因地制宜,科学合理地利用水资源,为该区草地生态畜牧业的可持续发展提供了一条新思路。  相似文献   

坝上草原退耕地植被不同恢复处理土壤种子库研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

刘建立  王彦辉  程丽莉  马长明  袁玉欣 《中国生态农业学报》2009,17(2):250-255

采用野外调查取样和室内实验相结合的方法,研究坝上草原退耕地土壤种子库的物种组成、密度和物种多样性等特征.结果表明:自然恢复、浅耕处理和深耕处理3种不同恢复措施下,土壤种子库物种丰富度(种)大小为浅耕处理(18)>自然恢复(15)>深耕处理(14);自然恢复处理、浅耕处理和深耕处理土壤种子库密度分别为23 949粒·m-2、15746粒·m-2和10600粒·m-2,浅耕处理和深耕处理分别比自然恢复处理减少34.3%和55.7%;不同恢复方式下土壤种子库与地上植被的物种密度的对应关系可用三次曲线来表示.土壤种子库间有较高的相似系数,但随着干扰程度的增加而减少.  相似文献   

Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of soil properties in sand dunes under grazing and restoration in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xiaoan Zuo  Halin Zhao  Xueyong Zhao  Tonghui Zhang  Yirui Guo  Shaokun Wang  Sam Drake 《Soil & Tillage Research》2008,99(2):202-212

Applying a combination of classical and geostatistical methods, we identified soil properties and their spatial variation in a 5-year grazed sand dune (GSD5) and a 20-year recovered sand dune (RSD20) in Horqin Sandy Land, northern China. The paper assesses the effect of grazing, topography and vegetation restoration on spatial heterogeneity of soil properties. The results showed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, very fine sand (0.1–0.05 mm) content and their coefficients of variation were lower in GSD5 than in RSD20, while soil water contents (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depths) were higher in GSD5 than in RSD20. Geostatistical analysis revealed that the spatial structured variance accounted for the largest proportion of total sample variance in soil properties at the measured scale under grazing and restoration. The spatial autocorrelation ranges were 66.30 m for soil organic carbon and 50.80 m for total nitrogen in GSD5 less than those in RSD20 (70.00 m and 76.10 m, respectively), while the spatial autocorrelation ranges of soil particle size fractions and soil water contents in RSD20 were less than those in GSD5. Kriging-interpolated maps also showed that the heterogeneity of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and their degree of patch fragmentation were higher in GSD5 than in RSD20. These results suggested that continuous grazing resulted in an increase in spatial variability of soil nutrient and a decrease in spatial variability of soil particle size fractions and soil water content. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen of sand dunes are associated closely with soil particle size fractions, relative height of sampling site and vegetation cover. Spatial patterns of soil properties are most strongly related to grazing, topography and plant-induced heterogeneity in sand dune ecosystems prone to wind erosion.  相似文献   

Historical influences dominate the composition of regenerating plant communities in abandoned citrus groves in north-central Florida     

Graeme S. Cumming  Ann George 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(7):957-970

The question of what determines plant community composition is fundamental to the study of plant community ecology. We examined the relative roles of historical land use, landscape context, and the biophysical environment as determinants of plant community composition in regenerating citrus groves in north-central Florida. Results were interpreted in light of plant functional traits. Herbaceous and woody plants responded differently to broad-scale variables; herbs correlated most strongly with surrounding land cover at a scale of 8 km, while the only significant determinant of woody species distributions was local land use history. There were significant correlations between herbaceous species and spatial context, habitat isolation, environmental variables, and historical variables. Partial Mantel tests indicated that each variable provided a unique contribution in explaining some of the variation in the herbaceous dataset. The correlation between woody plants and local historical variables remained significant even with other effects corrected for. In the herbaceous community, species composition was linked to functional traits much as expected from classical theory. While spatial influences in our study system are important for both woody and herbaceous plants, the primary determinant of plant community composition in regenerating citrus groves is historical land use. Our results suggest that the fine-scale mechanisms of local competition, tolerance and facilitation invoked by many classical studies may ultimately be less important than land use history in understanding current plant community composition in regenerating agricultural areas.  相似文献   

Do frugivorous birds assist rainforest succession in weed dominated oldfield regrowth of subtropical Australia?     

Wendy Neilan  Stephen McKenna 《Biological conservation》2006,129(3):393-407

Exotic plants often form the first woody vegetation that grows on abandoned farmland. If this vegetation attracts vertebrate frugivores which disperse the seeds of native plants, then native plants may recruit to such oldfield sites. However, there is debate about the extent to which exotic vegetation assists or suppresses the regeneration of native plants, and about its effects on faunal biodiversity. These issues were investigated in subtropical eastern Australia, where rainforests were cleared for agriculture in the 19th century, and where regrowth dominated by camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora, an exotic, fleshy-fruited tree) has become common on former agricultural land. The study assessed the assemblages of frugivorous birds, and the recruitment of rainforest plants, at 24 patches of camphor laurel regrowth. The patches were used by nearly all frugivorous birds associated with subtropical rainforest. Many of these birds (16 of 34 species) are considered to have a medium to high potential to disperse the seeds of rainforest plants, and eight of these were abundant and widespread in regrowth patches. Of 208 recorded plant species, 181 were native to local rainforest. The ratio of native to exotic species was higher amongst tree recruits than adult trees, both for numbers of species and individuals. Among native tree recruits, 79% of 75 species, and 93% of 1928 individuals, were potentially dispersed by birds. These recruits included many late-successional species, and there were relatively more individuals of late-successional, bird-dispersed native species amongst recruits than adult trees. The species richness, but not the abundance, of both frugivorous birds and of bird-dispersed rainforest trees decreased with distance from major rainforest remnants. Camphor laurel regrowth provides habitat for rainforest birds and creates conditions suitable for the regeneration of native rainforest plants on abandoned farmland. Careful management of regrowth dominated by fleshy-fruited exotic invasive trees can provide an opportunity for broadscale reforestation in extensively-cleared landscapes.  相似文献   

退化喀斯特森林自然恢复评价研究   总被引：52，自引：0，他引：52  

喻理飞  朱守谦  叶镜中  魏鲁明  陈正仁 《林业科学》2000,36(6):12-19

在研究贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区退化喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中群落组成、结构、功能的基础上,提出了退化群落恢复潜力度、恢复度和恢复速度３个评价指标和计算方法,分析了退化群落在自然恢复过程中群落高度、盖度、实生株／总株数、组成结构、显著度、生物量等特征指标的恢复潜力度、恢复度和恢复速度的变化,并进行综合评价。结果表明：低一级演替阶段群落向相邻更高一级演替阶段群落恢复的潜力度最高,群落自然恢复是由低级阶段  相似文献   

围栏封育在藏北高寒退化草地恢复中的效果研究     

孙磊  王向涛  魏学红 《安徽农业科学》2012,40(24):12072-12074

通过对西藏安多典型退化草地围栏,研究围栏对植被特征、地下生物量、地下种子库以及多样性等方面的影响。结果表明:经过围栏封育后草地植物高度、盖度、产量均有不同程度的提高。植物多样性有所增加,植被优势种差异较为显著。植物群落地下生物量变化幅度较大,经过围栏草地0～10 cm地下生物量增加明显。土壤种子库测定表明,围栏实验地种子总数明显高于围栏外,且增加的种子数主要分布在0～5 cm的土层中。  相似文献   

我国草原生态系统退化与恢复研究的进展与启示   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张振锋  游广永  张瑞芳  代磊强  赵元杰 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(20):9581-9583

草原生态系统是主要的陆地生态系统之一。近几十年来,草原地区生态系统退化现象越来越严重,草原生态系统的演替、退化、诊断、多样性保护等已成为热点研究领域。  相似文献