排序方式： 共有29条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Andrés de la Cruz Fernando Ramos Gabriel Navarro Andrés Cózar Juan Bécares Gonzalo Muñoz Arroyo 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(7):1700-1714
- Spatial modelling is an important research tool to improve our knowledge about the distribution of wildlife in the ocean. Using different modelling techniques (MaxEnt and a generalized linear mixed model), a predictive habitat suitability model was developed for one of the most threatened seabirds in the world: the Balearic shearwater, Puffinus mauretanicus.
- Models were developed using a 10-year dataset from the Gulf of Cádiz (on the south-western Iberian Peninsula), a key foraging area for Balearic shearwaters during migration and the non-breeding season.
- Predictive habitat maps strongly matched the observed distribution patterns, pointing to bathymetric features as the main modelling drivers. The species was concentrated on shallow areas (up to approximately 100 m in depth) of the continental shelf, very close to the mouth of the Guadalquivir River. In contrast with previous studies, Balearic shearwater distribution in the highly dynamic Gulf of Cádiz was not correlated with areas of high chlorophyll a concentration.
- This lack of spatial correlation probably arises from the delay between the phytoplankton bloom and the response of the zooplankton and small fish that are preyed upon by Balearic shearwaters, which may result in important displacements of this trophic chain across the Gulf of Cádiz.
- The analysis presented contributes to a better understanding of the spatial distribution and ecology of the critically endangered top predator in the Gulf of Cádiz and offers important information to improve management plans.
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为明确田间水稻白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera(Horváth)和褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(St?l)的主要寄生性天敌索线虫科线虫的寄生动态及防控效果,于2013—2015年在湖南省长沙市宁乡市通过田间调查和线虫罩笼法研究了索线虫科线虫对白背飞虱和褐飞虱的寄生动态以及优势种长沙多索线虫Agamermis changshaensis Bao,Luo et Luo对褐飞虱的防控效果。结果表明,在长沙市,索线虫科线虫寄生白背飞虱始见期为6月底至7月初,1个月后出现高峰期,基本与白背飞虱发生高峰期同步;对褐飞虱寄生高峰期早稻多发生在7月中下旬,而晚稻在8月底至9月中旬。索线虫科线虫对白背飞虱雌虫、高龄若虫和雄虫最高寄生率分别为16.95%、14.81%和7.69%;而对褐飞虱雌虫、高龄若虫和雄虫最高寄生率分别为43.33%、20.93%和11.63%。2014年和2015年罩笼盆栽试验结果表明,处理后45 d长沙多索线虫对褐飞虱的防控效果分别为36.11%和33.19%。研究结果表明长沙多索线虫可以作为水稻稻飞虱绿色防控的一种重要辅助性措施。 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(4):45-54
Sea bass, Lates calcarifer, fingerlings were acclimated to 0. 15, and 32 ppt, and the toxic effects of nitrite exposure were assessed. The 96-hour median lethal concentrations (96-hour LC50 for nitrite were estimated to be 14.5 mg/L at 0 ppt, 105 mg/L at 15 ppt and 93 mg/L at 32 ppt salinity. Chronic exposure to a nitrite concentration equivalent to 10% of the respective 96 hour LC50 resulted in marked growth reduction: growth being reduced in the order of 0 ppt > 32 ppt > 15 ppt. In nitrite-free water, growth rate for fish raised at a salinity of 15 ppt was higher compared to fish raised at salinities of 0 ppt and 32 ppt, a phenomenon which probably reflected the advantage of a reduction in osmoregulatory work in an iso-osmotic environment. 相似文献
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噻虫嗪对白背飞虱试验种群繁殖力的亚致死效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究噻虫嗪对白背飞虱的亚致死效应,采用稻茎浸渍法以噻虫嗪亚致死浓度LC_(10)和LC_(25)胁迫白背飞虱3龄若虫,测定了F_0代和F_1代若虫的存活率、雌成虫寿命和产卵量,并组建了F_1代种群相对适合度生命表。结果表明,经噻虫嗪亚致死浓度胁迫后,F_0代白背飞虱若虫的发育历期延长,存活率降低,并且LC_(10)处理组的F_0代雌成虫寿命比对照组显著延长,而成虫产卵量无显著变化;F_1代的若虫发育历期比对照组显著延长,且产卵量有所减少,LC_(10)处理组雌成虫产卵量比对照组减少了22.24,LC_(25)处理组比对照组减少了69.96,且差异显著;LC_(10)和LC_(25)亚致死浓度处理后F_1代的种群增长趋势指数均下降,种群相对适合度分别下降了0.12和0.36。研究表明,噻虫嗪亚致死浓度胁迫均可抑制白背飞虱的种群增长。 相似文献
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Diego Corrêa Alves Lilian Paula Vasconcelos Robson Marcelo Rossi Sidnei E. Lima-Junior Yzel R. Súarez 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(4):574-587
Bayesian inference was used to estimate the main population parameters (sex ratio, L50, LWR and somatic growth) and to evaluate sexual dimorphism and growth patterns (isometric/allometric and monophasic/biphasic growth) of Astyanax paranae of the Upper Paraná River. This study brings three statistical differentials: (a) the reparametrisation of the logistic model as a function of L50; (b) the reparameterisations of the LWR models based on the exponential of a piecewise linear regression to evaluate the hypotheses of polyphase growth; and (c) the first application of the recently proposed somatic growth models based only on length data to real data, as well as its expansion and generalisation. The models estimated L50 of females at 37.75 mm and sex ratio at 1.4 females per male. LWR models showed that both sexes presented biphasic growth with a lower increase in weight for males in first stanza. In second stanza, both sexes presented a greater increase in weight. Growth models showed that the growth rates were low, equal for both sexes in early life and slightly higher for females after the eighteenth months old. The studied population inhabits streams, therefore being exposed to constraining conditions that can limit the expression of their whole growth potential since they prioritise energy allocation for reproduction and survival, including reducing L50 in order to ensure the maintenance of the population. Finally, the complex biological patterns that arose from the proposed LWR and growth models demonstrated high potential and applicability for population studies. 相似文献
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Gustavo H. Zaia Alves Vivian M. Cionek Gislaine I. Manetta Laryssa H. R. Pazianoto Evanilde Benedito 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(4):602-610
We investigated whether isotopic niche partitioning could mediate the coexistence between native (Hoplias sp. B) and non-native (Hoplias mbigua) trahira in a Neotropical floodplain. We hypothesised that during the dry season both species inhabit isolated sites (i.e. lakes) and thus rely on distinct food resources to sustain their coexistence. We found evidence of trophic segregation among native and non-native freshwater fish in the Upper Paraná River, Brazil. Even though both species rely on the same primary littoral carbon sources and present similar trophic diversity, trophic segregation was attained through larger niche amplitude and smaller isotopic niche width for the non-native fish. Three decades after initial invasion, non-native Hoplias have distinct foraging behaviour and do not compete for trophic resources with native trahira; this is likely due to morpho-anatomical differences. Limited morphological similarity between these congeneric species might be the strongest factor contributing to their coexistence in the Paraná River floodplain during the dry season. 相似文献
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为探究溴氰虫酰胺对白背飞虱的亚致死效应,采用稻茎浸渍法,分别以LC10和LC25浓度的溴氰虫酰胺胁迫白背飞虱3龄若虫,观察受胁迫后试虫发育历期、产卵量和雌虫寿命的变化情况,并组建了其F1代种群的特定时间生命表。结果表明:经LC10和LC25浓度溴氰虫酰胺胁迫后,F0代白背飞虱单雌产卵量与对照相比差异显著,分别减少了40.41%和41.36%;F1代雌虫比例（Fr）及孵化率（Ha）与对照相比差异不显著,但其繁殖力（Fd）比对照组分别降低了14.41%和16.31%,预测的后代数量（N）及种群增长趋势指数（I）也均低于对照组。经溴氰虫酰胺LC10和LC25浓度处理后,白背飞虱的相对适合度分别为0.78和0.64。根据研究结果推测,在田间施用溴氰虫酰胺防治水稻害虫时,不仅对当代白背飞虱有致死效应,对其后代种群的增长也有一定的抑制作用。 相似文献
10.
E. Zaniboni-Filho A. P. O. Nuñer D. A. Reynalte-Tataje R. L. Serafini 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(1):151-155
The present study aimed to determine the influence of water pH on survival of curimbatá, Prochilodus lineatus, larvae. Forty-five 2-l glass aquaria with artificial aeration and no water exchange were stocked at a density of 10 larvae
l−1. The pH values used as treatments were 3.7 ± 0.0, 4.0 ± 0.0, 4.4 ± 0.2, 4.6 ± 0.2, 4.8 ± 0.2, 5.1 ± 0.2, 5.3 ± 0.2, 5.6 ± 0.2,
7.2 ± 0.2, 8.7 ± 0.4, 9.0 ± 0.4, 9.2 ± 0.4, 9.4 ± 0.6, 9.7 ± 0.5 and 10.0 ± 0.5 in a completely random experimental design
with three repetitions. Water pH was maintained by the addition of NaOH or H2SO4 solutions. After 72 h of experiment, no survival was registered at pH below 4.6, 1.5% survival at pH 4.6, and about 50% survival
at pH 9.4 and above. Survival rates between 70 and 80% were registered at pH 4.8–5.6 and at pH 7.2, whereas over 90% survival
was registered at pH between 8.7 and 9.2. 相似文献