Schwermetall‐ und schadstoffbelastung im unteren odertal und konsequenzen für die grünlandnutzung     

Gisbert Schalitz 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1-2):93-101

Anthropogen verursachte Stofffrachten haben seit Beginn der Industrialisierung zur Sedimentation und Anreicherung von Schwermetallen und Schadstoffen in der weitgehend naturbelassenen Flussaue der unteren Oder geführt. Für die Grünlandnutzung in diesem Bereich des heutigen Deutsch‐Polnischen Nationalpark ergeben sich folgerichtig Einschränkungen in Form des Verbots der Milchproduktion. Boden‐, Sediment‐ und Pflanzengehalte sind seit 1990 raumbezogen analysiert worden. Hohe Gehalte im Boden haben nicht zwangsläufig hohe Pflanzengehalte bewirkt, wohl aber war sichtbar, dass die Gehalte in Senkenarealen meist höher als auf den übrigen Flächen lagen. Überhöhte Gehalte in den Pflanzen im Sinne der deutschen Futtermittelverordnung traten vor allem bei Cadmium und Mangan auf. Extensive Weidehaltung mit Mutterkühen, Mast‐ und Jungrindern ist unter Ausgrenzung von Problembereichen möglich.  相似文献   

The potential contribution of separation technologies to the management of livestock manure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C.H. Burton   《Livestock Science》2007,112(3):208-216

Separation processes have a distinct role in the management of livestock slurries, but it is important to recognise their limitations. Such technology can direct certain manure components into a small volume of a concentrated stream which is useful for the production of organic products in subsequent processes. Equipment generally falls into systems based either on mechanical screening (which can produce a fibrous and seemingly dry product), filtration processes (producing a cake), or sedimentation leading to a sludge product. Although physical separation can remove up to 80% of the total solids content from livestock manures, this will only include a relatively small part of the soluble nutrient and of the reactive organic matter; this is particularly so where separation is based on screens. The complete removal of all suspended matter (total clarification) of an effluent is theoretically possible by settling — a decanter centrifuge will accelerate the process. This can remove most of the phosphorous, especially if coupled with chemical pre-treatment to raise the pH. However, the clarified stream still retains a significant polluting potential in terms of the residual nitrogen content (as ammonia) and potassium. Only membrane separation can greatly reduce the potassium concentration, but such technology is rarely suitable for the farm situation.  相似文献   

黄淮麦区小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基及亚基组成与品质性状关系的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

高翔  董健  张改生  雷玲  仝胜利 《中国农学通报》2005,21(5):121-123,163

对黄淮麦区的77个不同小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基及亚基组成与蛋白质含量和沉降值之间的关系进行了研究,结果表明:Glu-1三位点的亚基等位变异共有13种,A1位点亚基1出现频率最高,为71.05%,亚基2*最低,仅为3.94%;B1位点亚基7 9和7 8相对频率最高,分别为43.42%和31.58%,亚基17 18出现频率最低,为1.32%;D1位点亚基2 12出现频率最高,为52.63%,亚基4 12最低,为3.16%。值得注意的是,优质亚基14 15和5 10,在B1和D1位点分别出现了较高的频率,为10.53%和31.21%。三位点亚基对蛋白质含量的效应分别表示为:1≥2*>Null,14 15≥17 18≥7 8>7>7 9>20≥6 8,5 10>2 12≥4 12。对沉降值的效应分别表示为:2*≥1>Null,14 15≥7 8>7≥17 18>7 9≥20>6 8,5 10>2 12≥4 12。在蛋白质含量水平上,亚基组成1、14 15、2 12,1、7 8、5 10,1、7、5 10和1、7 9、5 10相对较高;在沉降值水平上,亚基组成1、7 8、5 10和1、14 15、2 12相对较高。因此,研究认为三位点分别为1或2*、7 8或14 15、5 10是品质优良的最佳亚基组合。  相似文献   

Use of fallout Cs in investigations of overbank sediment deposition on river floodplains     

D.E. Walling  Q. He 《CATENA》1997,29(3-4)

River floodplains have been recognised as important sinks for storing suspended sediment and associated contaminants mobilised from the upstream catchment. However, information on contemporary rates of overbank sedimentation is difficult to obtain using conventional methods. Measurements of the ¹³⁷Cs content of floodplain sediments provide an alternative approach to obtaining; estimates of medium-term rates (ca. 40 years) of overbank sediment deposition. The ¹³⁷Cs approach requires only a single site visit and minimum sample preparation. Furthermore, it is capable of providing information on spatial patterns of sediment deposition on floodplains, which is needed to improve our understanding of the processes involved in overbank flow and sediment deposition. This paper reviews the basis for using ¹³⁷Cs measurements in floodplain sedimentation studies and presents improved procedures for interpreting ¹³⁷Cs profiles in floodplain sediments and for obtaining estimates of sedimentation rates from single measurements of the total. ¹³⁷Cs inventories of bulk sediment cores. The results obtained from a case study undertaken on the floodplain of the River Stour, Dorset, UK, are presented.  相似文献   

Composition and Content of High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits and Their Effects on Wheat Quality     

SONG Jian-min  LIU Ai-feng  Wu Xiang-yun  LIU Jian-jun  ZHAO Zhen-dong  LIU Guang-tian 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2002,1(10):1094-1099

Sedimentation values, flour glutenin macropolymer (GMP) contents, composition and contents of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits (GS) of 233 flour samples were determined. Our data indicated that subunit 1 occurred more frequently at Glu-A1, subunit pair 7 + 8 at Glu- B1 and 2 + 12 at Glu-D1. The significant relationships between Glu-1 quality score and total HMW glutenin content, sedimentation value and GMP content suggested that the composition of HMW-GS affects wheat quality strongly. Moreover,the total content of HMW-GS was correlated with certain quality parameters more significantly. Relationship between subunit 5 + 10 content and breadmaking quality was better than others, but 2 + 12, 7 + 8, 7 + 9 and 4 + 12 also correlated with certain quality parameters significantly. The contents of total HMW-glutenin, x-type subunits and y-type subunits related with sedimentation value, flour GMP content, and Glu-1 quality score more strongly than that of individual subunit or subunit pair. The flour GMP content, with excellent correlation to sedimentation value, total contents of HMW glutenin, x- and y-type subunits and many other quality parameters, could be an ideal indicator of breadmaking quality at earlier generations for breeding purpose for its simple procedure and small scale.  相似文献   

锌添加水平对断奶仔猪不同组织中锌沉积的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冷静  朱仁俊  马黎 《河南农业科学》2003,(11):48-50

试验选用 40头 2 8日龄断奶仔猪 ,随机分为 5组 ,分别饲喂添加不同锌水平的日粮 ( 80 ,2 4 0 ,1 0 0 0 ,30 0 0 ,5 0 0 0mg/kg) ,研究日粮添加不同水平锌对断奶仔猪机体组织锌沉积的影响。结果表明 :高锌添加使肝脏、肾脏、趾骨、血清、毛发及粪锌含量极显著上升 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而背最长肌、扁桃体和胸腺锌含量则只有在添加 5 0 0 0mg/kg日粮锌时含量显著上升 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,脾脏锌含量则随着高锌的添加变化差异不显著P >0 .0 5 ) ;低锌添加 ( 80mg/kg和 2 4 0mg/kg)对机体各组织及粪锌含量无显著影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。  相似文献   

小麦面筋物理品质性状的双列分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李宗智  王增裕 《河北农业大学学报》1990,(1)

对沉淀值,比沉淀值两个面筋物理品质性状利用Hayman方法进行的分析表明,两性状低值表现部分显性,高值与隐性效应相联系。加性方差和显性方差分量均达显著,基因的加性效应比显性效应更重要。  相似文献   

典型因素对泥沙特性影响的试验研究     

张宇卓  张根广  安维宇  付志  史志鹏 《安徽农业科学》2015,(19):212-213

泥沙颗粒在不同的浓度、颗粒大小以及絮凝剂的影响下,其絮凝结构以及沉降速度存在一定的差异,这些差异性对于研究泥沙特性来说具有重要的意义.为了直观演示其差异性,自行设计了试验,采用控制变量的方法,分为5组对比试验.结果表明,上述3种因素对其絮凝结构以及沉降速度有显著影响.  相似文献   

双酶法分解怀山药的工艺研究     

刘瑞山  梁治军  常路路  王新房  齐强强 《安徽农业科学》2013,(14):6462-6465

[目的]研究高温α-淀粉酶和糖化酶对怀山药的分解效果。[方法]利用高温α-淀粉酶和糖化酶对怀山药分步进行水解糖化以减小分散颗粒直径和沉淀率,在控制一定温度和时间的条件下,采用正交设计和因素分析来确定最适酶解条件,从而提高山药汁的可溶性固形物百分含量,降低其沉淀率和色泽。[结果]试验表明,双酶法分解怀山药的最适酶解条件为:高温α-淀粉酶添加量0.4%(20 000U),山药浓度10%,酶解温度85℃,时间2 h条件下酶解效果最佳;糖化酶添加量0.4%(10 000 U),糖化温度55℃,时间3 h,pH 5.0。[结论]研究可为怀山药的深度开发提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

Influence of allelic prolamin variation and localities on durum wheat quality     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2015

Thirty-seven varieties of a Mediterranean durum wheat collection grown in Tunisia and Spain were analysed for their allelic composition in prolamins, as well as their protein concentration, sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation (SDSS) test and mixograph parameters. Genotype was a greater source of variation in all measurements than locality. Uncommon high and low molecular glutenin subunits (HMW-GS and LMW-GS) were found (V and 2•• subunits at Glu-A1, 13 + 16 at Glu-B1, 5* subunit and ax allele at Glu-A3). The rare combinations 2 + 4+14 + 18 and 8 + 9+13 + 16+18 subunits at the Glu-B3 locus were found. Glu-A3ax had a positive influence on SDSS and mixograph parameters. Of all the prolamins, those that have the B-LMW-GS composition aaa (for Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci, respectively), when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1d gave the best semolina quality. By contrast, semolina quality is poor when this same composition is associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1e and even poorer when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1f. In addition, the cultivars with B-LMW-GS allelic composition aab (for Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci, respectively), when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1d, gave high quality, whereas when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1e or with Glu-A1o and Glu-B1f, the quality was very poor.  相似文献