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1.
贝类单孢子虫荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据基因库中单孢子虫的基因保守序列,设计了1对特异性引物和1条TaqMan探针,对反应条件和试剂浓度进行优化,建立了检测单孢子虫的荧光定量PCR方法。该方法对单孢子虫的检测敏感性达到40拷贝数,比常规PCR敏感性高100倍;对派琴虫、折光马尔太虫、荧光假单胞菌、副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌、河弧菌和拟态弧菌等病原体的检测结果全为阴性。表明该研究建立的单孢子虫荧光定量PCR具有特异、敏感、快速、定量和重复性好等优点,可用于临床单孢子虫感染的快速检测。 相似文献
2.
M. E. Garci J. E. Trigo S. Pascual A. F. González F. Rocha A. Guerra 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(1):19-24
The presence of the non-indigenous species, the black-pygmy mussel Xenostrobus securis, is reported here for the first time in an intense shellfish farming area off Galicia (NW Spain). Very high concentrations
of this mytilid bivalve have colonized estuarine waters located at the inner part of the Ria de Vigo. The invasive role of
X. securis is discussed in the context of the wide ecological tolerance of the species and the recent finding of settlements of this
species on numerous colonies of the economically-important blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The mode of introduction of the black-pygmy mussel is also discussed in relation to human management activities. 相似文献
3.
Juveniles of eight commercially important species of bivalve molluscs (Spisula solidissima, Argopecten irradians, Crassostrea virginica, Mytilus edulis, Mya arenaria, Ostrea edulis, Mercenaria mercenaria, Placopecten magellanicus) were exposed in the laboratory to the commonly occurring dinoflagellate, Gyrodinium aureolum. Histological analyses of gut tissues indicated that the impact of G. aureolum on the shellfish was species-specific. High rates of mortality were noted in the bay scallop, A. irradians, but not in other molluscan species. There were no pathological differences between control animals and animals fed G. aureolum in S. solidissima, M. arenaria, or M. mercenaria. The most severely affected molluscs were C. virginica and A. irradians. C. virginica did not exhibit differences in digestive gland parameters between control and experimental animals; however, several animals did show significant mantle and gill lesions. Bay scallops exhibited decreased height of absorptive cells and increased lumen diameter after exposure to Gyrodinium suggesting, at least, poor food quality of Gyrodinium. Evidence of toxic effects was not identified in the digestive gland. Several bay scallops also showed variable amounts of inflammation in the kidney associated with protozoal infestations and variable amounts of predominately rod-shaped bacteria within the urinary space. Aquaculturists, especially of scallop species, should monitor for the presence of G. aureolum. Given its large size (25-30 m), G. aureolum could be filtered from incoming water to hatcheries, thus avoiding mass mortalities of spat and juvenile scallops. 相似文献
4.
The only possible way to increase seafood yields from many coastal and continental shelf regions of the world is through aquaculture. The most ecologically efficient forms of aquaculture are those operations culturing plants and lower trophic level animals, such as bivalve molluscs. It is therefore understandable why culturing of these organisms has steadily increased over at least the last two decades. However, the expansion of large-scale aquaculture has costs in terms of loss of water space that could be used for other activities, and carbon flows directed through the bivalves that could have been used to support other marine plants and animals (predation and production foregone). The dominant present users of many, if not most, coastal and continental shelf regions are commercial and, in some cases, recreational and indigenous customary fishers. Therefore, in many cases, it is these stakeholders who will stand to pay much of the direct costs of the expansion of aquaculture. Therefore, it is inevitable that in some cases, there will be conflict between these sectors as water space becomes more in demand and, hence, more valuable. Resource managers are therefore faced with making resource allocation decisions between alternate sectors, and these decisions should be based on robust knowledge of the costs and benefits of each alternative use. In the case of allocation decisions between bivalve aquaculture and wild stock fisheries, there is presently a paucity of knowledge surrounding the interactions between these two activities. The aim of the work presented here was to develop a framework for understanding these interactions and applying the framework in a case study in New Zealand. 相似文献
5.
为研究中国贝类产品的国际竞争力,选用生产要素和进出口2个层面的4个指标,即资源禀赋系数、国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势指数和贸易竞争优势指数测算2001—2011年中国贝类产品的国际竞争力。综合分析得出中国贝类产品在生产要素层面具有突出的资源禀赋优势;在进出口层面中,代表市场占有率的国际市场占有率及代表进出口的贸易竞争优势都表现出极强的优势,而反映出口所占比例的显示性竞争优势指数则较弱。根据结果提出合理调整贝类产品贸易出口结构、加强实施品牌战略和设立贝类产品生产安全卫生管理体系3个对策。 相似文献
6.
[目的]建立贝类折光马尔太虫荧光定量PCR检测方法。[方法]根据基因库中折光马尔太虫的基因保守序列,设计合成了一对引物和一条TaqMan探针,建立检测折光马尔太虫的荧光定量PCR方法,将建立的荧光定量PCR检测方法与常规PCR检测对比。[结果]所建立的荧光定量PCR方法灵敏度可达40个拷贝/μl,比常规PCR灵敏度高100倍,对派琴虫、单孢子虫、嗜水气单胞菌、荧光假单胞菌、副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌、河弧菌和拟态弧菌等病原体的检测结果为阴性。[结论]研究建立的折光马尔太虫荧光定量PCR方法具有特异、敏感、快速、定量、重复性好等优点,可用于临床上折光马尔太虫感染的检测。 相似文献
7.
简要介绍了新研制的贝类壳长电视测量仪的工作原理,及利用这一新的测试手段,根据不同实验条件比较实验的结果所建立的一套用来评价有毒物质对贻贝生长影响的测定方法。该方法快速灵敏、简便可行,在今后的生物测试和生物监测中具有广泛的应用价值。 相似文献
8.
青岛市贝类汞污染特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]调查青岛市贝类产品汞含量状况,分析其潜在健康风险。[方法]根据贝类的消费量并兼顾品种多样性的原则,在青岛市海产品批发市场共采集11种75份贝类样品,并分析其汞含量。[结果]青岛市贝类汞含量为0.001 3~1.291 4 mg/kg,平均含量0.071 8mg/kg,在采集的62份样品中有5份超过中国国家标准规定的海产品中总汞0.3 mg/kg(GB2762-1994)的限量值,超标率为8.1%。在经过检测的品种中,文蛤、缢蛏、魁蚶等品种平均含量较高,而杂色蛤仔含量则较低。与其他地区比较,青岛贝类汞含量是东营地区汞含量的37.1%,但比龙口高出1.85倍,也高于浙江及泉州地区贝类汞含量。[结论]我国胶州湾一带的海域已受到了较为严重的汞污染,应该引起有关部门的重视。 相似文献
9.
人源诺如病毒(Human Noroviruses, HuNoVs)是引发食品安全事件的重要病原微生物。贝类为滤食性动物,是HuNoVs污染传播的重要媒介。本研究搜集了我国贝类污染调查的横断面研究文献,综合评价了贝类中HuNoVs的污染现状。通过检索中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed和EMbase数据库,从所获得的600篇关于贝类污染HuNoVs相关文献中筛选纳入37篇。采用Stata 14.0软件进行荟萃分析,结果显示,我国贝类中不同基因型HuNoVs的混合检出率达15%(95%CI:11%～18%)。亚组分析显示,GⅡ基因群检出率(11%)高于GⅠ基因群(4%);地理位置对贝类中病毒污染水平影响显著(P<0.01),华南地区、华北地区、华东地区的检出率分别达到19%、17%和11%,而东北和西北地区则分别为4%和9%;此外,季节差异明显,其中,冬季的病毒检出率最高(25%),而夏季仅为10%,春季、秋季则分别为16%和12%;不同品种贝类的病毒污染同样存在差异,其中,牡蛎(Ostreidae)(16%)、贻贝(Mytilusedulis)(10%)和蛤(... 相似文献
10.
固相吸附毒素示踪监测技术(Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking,SPATT)是一项新的贝类毒素监测技术。该技术模拟滤食性贝类摄食过程,利用内含吸附剂的采样器富集水体中的贝类毒素,结合高效液相色谱-质谱检测技术或酶联免疫检测技术,可以对产毒藻类的暴发以及贝类毒素污染进行示踪研究。SPATT 监测技术与贝类监测法、浮游藻类监测法相比,具有取样操作简单、检测成本低等优点,已成为贝类毒素污染监测技术研究的热点。本综述针对 SPATT 技术的研究进展及应用进行阐述,对技术适用监测的毒素种类、吸附材料的优劣等进行分析。 相似文献