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草莓灰霉病菌的培养、毒素提取及生物测定 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
草莓灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea Persoon)在25℃、pH3~4的Peberdy培养基中生长良好,并可产生引起草莓愈伤组织细胞死亡的毒素。产生毒素的高峰期为静置培养20天。灰霉菌发酵液中的毒素可用氯仿进行提取,经提取后的毒素液在269nm处有吸收峰。本研究建立了利用草莓愈伤组织细胞的荧光活性测定毒力的方法。 相似文献
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通过比较熊蜂和蜜蜂对大棚栽培草莓的授粉效果试验得出,与蜜蜂相比,熊蜂的出巢时间早,工作时间长,趋光性差,撞棚膜现象发生少,且饲喂简单,饲料投入量少。采用熊蜂授粉的草莓平均产量可达16708.5kg/hm2,比采用蜜蜂授粉的棚增产35.0%;熊蜂授粉草莓单果质量为8.28g,比采用蜜蜂授粉的增加58.6%,差异显著;熊蜂授粉的草莓糖度为11.68%,蜜蜂授粉的草莓糖度为11.29%,差异不显著;熊蜂授粉的草莓畸形果率平均比蜜蜂授粉的低67.9%,差异显著。试验结果进一步说明了熊蜂比蜜蜂更适合用来进行设施草莓授粉。 相似文献
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The effects of butyric acid were evaluated on fungal and nematode endo-parasites of strawberries under controlled laboratory conditions. Verticillium dahliae, Rhizoctonia fragariae, R. solani, Phytophthora fragariae, and a Pythium sp. were killed after a 2-d incubation in butryic acid-treated sand (0.88 and 8.8 mg g−1). No fungal growth occurred in the presence of vapors from 0.1 and 1 M butyric acid solutions. Gall formation on tomato roots by Meloidogyne hapla, and M. incognita was reduced by 73-100% relative to controls when egg masses were incubated in butyric acid solution (0.1, 1 M) or treated sand (0.88 and 8.8 mg g−1). Drenching strawberry plants infested with Pratylenchus penetrans with butyric acid (0.1 and 1 M) reduced nematode densities by 98-100%. These results suggest that butyric acid warrants further evaluation as an alternative to synthetic soil fumigants for control of nematodes and fungal pathogens in strawberry. 相似文献
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The activity of overwintered strawberry blossom weevils, Anthonomus rubi Herbst, measured as cut buds and adult weevils, was recorded weekly in sprayed and unsprayed quadrats in young and old strawberry plantings. The study was done in nine ‘Korona’ fields in a district with high A. rubi density, in the southeast of Norway, in 2000. During the period of study, the cumulative number of cut buds and adult weevils found by tapping whole plants above a bowl were highly correlated. An increase in sampled weevils was followed by an increase in cut buds 1–2 weeks later. Thus, sampling adults has potential for predicting the bud damage. In five of the six fields where yield was measured, a negative relationship between cut buds and the saleable yield was found. The effect of spraying was relatively low: A. rubi activity was reduced by 21% and the saleable yield increased by 16%. We conclude that present spraying practices are not very efficient in preventing A. rubi damage in the area studied. 相似文献
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Jane L. Guentzel Michael A. Callan Kang Liang Lam Stuart A. Emmons Valgene L. Dunham 《Crop Protection》2011,30(10):1274-1279
Near neutral (pH = 6.3-6.5) electrolyzed oxidizing water (EO water) has been demonstrated to inactivate fungi in pure culture and to mitigate infection on fruit surfaces. One possible alternative or supplement to traditional pre-harvest crop management practices that currently rely on the use of large quantities of fungicides is near neutral EO water. In the present work, treatment of Botrytis cinerea or Monilinia fructicola with near neutral EO water (50 or 100 ppm total residual chlorine (TRC)) in pure culture resulted in a 106 reduction and 100% inactivation as evidenced by negative broth enrichment. When applied in concert with 50 or 100 ppm EO water, treatments of Captan 50WP (captan), Rovral (iprodione), Iprodione 4LAG (iprodione), or Switch 62.5 WDG (cyprodinil and fludioxonil) effectively inhibited fungal growth of B. cinerea as evidenced by a 106 reduction on the direct plate and negative broth enrichment. Treatments of Captan 50WG (captan), Rovral (iprodione), Iprodione 4LAG (iprodione), Switch 62.5 WDG (cyprodinil and fludioxonil), Captan 80 WDG (captan), or Captevate (captan and fenhexamide) when applied in concert with 50 or 100 ppm EO resulted in a 106 reduction of M. Fructicola and 100% inactivation as evidenced by negative broth enrichment. Strawberry plants sprayed with EO water (pH = 6.3-6.5) at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm TRC once per week, did not result in significant (P > 0.05) phytotoxicity relative to a water (0 ppm TRC) treatment. In this study, the application of 100 ppm EO water (pH = 6.3-6.5) twice per week to strawberry plants infected with B. cinerea was more effective (P ≤ 0.05) than a once per week Captan application and as effective as a once per week captan/once per week EO treatment. The once per week captan/once per week EO treatment was significantly more effective (P ≤ 0.05) than the captan once per week treatment. Dip treatments of strawberries in near neutral EO solutions (50 and 100 ppm TRC; pH = 6.3-6.5) did not leave a chlorine residue on the fruit relative to a water dip. The results from this study suggest that near neutral EO solutions could be used to manage infection of B. cinerea on strawberry plants in the field and also as a disinfection solution for harvesting equipment, greenhouses, packing houses and in commercial facilities to prevent or manage infections of B. cinerea and M. fructicola. 相似文献
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Growth and ripening season effects on antioxidant capacity of strawberry cultivar Selva 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There is wide awareness on the importance of antioxidants in cell protection against free radicals constantly produced by the cell metabolism. In this work, carried out with strawberry cultivar “Selva”, the antioxidant capacity and content of the main accepted antioxidants – ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, total phenols and anthocyanins – were determined along 10 growth stages of the fruit. Strawberries were harvested in winter and summer. Minimum/maximum temperatures in the two seasons were 6.3 °C/14.9 °C and 14.5 °C/27.8 °C, respectively. Antioxidant capacity in the small green stage was 27 mmol DPPH/100 g fresh tissue, keeping noticeably high values in the large-green one. Towards the white stage, antioxidant capacity reduced, to remain mostly constant. The antioxidant capacity was higher in those stages where cell division was more important and this parameter correlated mostly with the contents of total phenols and ascorbic acid. 相似文献
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【目的】为草莓连作障碍的综合防治提供理论及实践参考。【方法】以日本草莓品种“红颜”（Fragaria × ananassa Duch cv. Benihoppe）为试材，通过添加不同量的食用菌栽培废料并用氯化苦来处理土壤，以未处理的6 a大棚连作土壤为对照，研究其对土壤理化性质及草莓叶片叶绿素含量、叶片含N量、果实甜度、株产量及大果率等指标的影响，来评价其对连作障碍的防治效果。【结果】大棚连作土壤中添加食用菌栽培废料，通过氯化苦熏蒸消毒后，土壤有机质含量随食用菌栽培废料添加量的增加而显著增加，其他土壤养分含量则显著降低，pH值显著升高；草莓叶片叶绿素含量、叶片含N量、果实甜度、株产量及大果率等指标均显著提高。【结论】大棚草莓连作土壤中添加食用菌栽培废料并用氯化苦进行熏蒸消毒，可改善土壤生态环境，显著改善草莓的形态及生理指标、改善果实品质、提高产量。 相似文献
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