云南甘蔗害虫天敌及其自然控制作用   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

李文凤  黄应昆 《昆虫天敌》2004,26(4):156-162

本文简述了云南蔗区甘蔗主要害虫天敌资源及其对害虫的自然控制作用。在云南蔗田内 ,控制甘蔗害虫发生的生物因子主要的可分为捕食性和寄生性两大类。合理保护利用天敌 ,充分发挥天敌对害虫的自然调控作用 ,这对保护生态环境 ,维护蔗田生态平衡 ,提高害虫综合治理水平 ,促进蔗糖业可持续发展均具有重要意义。  相似文献   

提高认识,转变观念,加快推进甘蔗生产机械化     

林红辉  陈超平  赖荣光  周佐光 《热带农业工程》2011,(4):20-22

简述了湛江垦区甘蔗的生产现状、生产中存在的主要问题及垦区甘蔗生产机械化开展情况。提出只有提高认识,转变观念,就能大力发展甘蔗生产机械化。  相似文献   

A global sensitivity analysis of cultivar trait parameters in a sugarcane growth model for contrasting production environments in Queensland,Australia     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2017

New sugarcane cultivars are continuously developed to improve sugar industry productivity. Despite this sugarcane crop models such as the ‘Sugar’ module in the Agricultural Productions System sIMulator (APSIM-Sugar) have not been updated to reflect the most recent cultivars. The implications of misrepresenting cultivar parameters in APSIM-Sugar is difficult to judge as little research has been published on the likely values of these parameters and how uncertainty in parameter values may affect model outputs. A global sensitivity analysis can be used to better understand how cultivar parameters influence simulated yields. A Gaussian emulator was used to perform a global sensitivity analysis on simulated biomass and sucrose yield at harvest for two contrasting sugarcane-growing regions in Queensland, Australia. Biomass and sucrose yields were simulated for 42 years to identify inter-annual variability in output sensitivities to 10 parameters that represent physiological traits and can be used to simulated differences between sugarcane cultivars. Parameter main effect (S_i) and total effect (ST_i) sensitivity indices and emulator accuracy were calculated for all year-region-output combinations. When both regions were considered together parameters representing radiation use efficiency (rue), number of green leaves (green_leaf_no) and a conductance surrogate parameter (k_L) were the most influential parameters for simulated biomass in APSIM-Sugar. Simulated sucrose yield was most sensitive to rue, sucrose_fraction (representing the fraction of biomass partitioned as sucrose in the stem) and green_leaf_no. However, climate and soil differences between regions changed the level of influence cultivar parameters had on simulation outputs. Specifically, model outputs were more sensitive to changes in the transp_eff_cf and k_L parameters in the Burdekin region due to lower rainfall and poor simulated soil conditions. Collecting data on influential traits that are relatively simple to measure (e.g. number of green leaves) during cultivar development would greatly contribute to the simulation of new cultivars in crop models. Influential parameters that are difficult to measure directly such as transp_eff_cf and sucrose_fraction are ideal candidates for statistical calibration. Calibrating crop models either through direct observation or statistical calibration would allow crop modellers to better test how new cultivars will perform in a range of production environments.  相似文献   

不同方法处理甘蔗叶梢饲喂山羊的试验研究     

唐林  龚铭  刘镜 《贵州畜牧兽医》2016,(3):14-17

为了探讨不同处理方法对甘蔗叶稍营养价值的影响及饲喂山羊的效果,为科学利用甘蔗叶梢养羊技术提供科学依据。分别采用青贮、氨化、微贮的方法处理甘蔗叶梢,并进行山羊的饲养试验。结果表明,青贮、氨化、微贮甘蔗叶梢均达到优级标准;与新鲜甘蔗叶梢相比,氨化和微贮均提高了甘蔗叶梢的粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)的含量;在精料相同的条件下,氨化、微贮均可极显著(P0.01)提高山羊对甘蔗叶梢的采食量、平均日增重和养羊的经济效益。  相似文献   

甘蔗茎秆切割力的计算   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7  

刘庆庭  区颖刚  卿上乐  王万章 《农业机械学报》2006,37(9):89-92

利用弹性理论,采用双梁模型对甘蔗茎秆材料的切割进行了理论建模,并得出了蔗材切割力的理论计算公式。以单向复合材料为甘蔗茎秆的材料模型,分析了影响切割力的因素,建立了甘蔗材料单位切割力的经验公式。通过对甘蔗切割力试验数据的分析,得出本文试验条件下的甘蔗茎秆切割力经验公式,并通过试验对该经验公式进行了验证。  相似文献   

甘蔗收割机单圆盘根切器虚拟样机研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

刘庆庭  区颖刚  卿上乐  王万章 《农业机械学报》2007,38(8):78-81

为了研究收割机单圆盘根切器运动、几何参数对甘蔗切割质量、收获损失的影响,使用ObjectARX在AutoCAD平台上建立根切器虚拟样机,对其工作过程进行了研究。研究表明:切割过程中存在多刀切割和重复切割甘蔗现象,该现象通过高速摄影试验得到了验证。给出了甘蔗受到多刀切割和重复切割刀数的计算公式,出现多于两刀切割的现象主要是由于刀盘转速、收获机前进速度和刀片数之间的匹配问题,是可以避免的。刀片安装角度影响刀片切入甘蔗所经历的路程,并且相当于改变了实际切入甘蔗的刀片厚度。甘蔗和根切器的相对位置影响根茬与刀片之间的作用力。  相似文献   

PCR detection of ratoon stunting disease pathogen and natural resistance analysis in sugarcane core germplasms     

《Crop Protection》2013

Exploring and utilizing resistant germplasm resources plays a pivotal role in breeding for disease resistance, while screening resistant germplasm is important for selecting and breeding varieties resistant to disease. In the present study, we used PCR to detect the ratoon stunting disease (RSD) bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Lxx) in 137 sugarcane core germplasms from the National Nursery of Sugarcane Germplasm Resources (NNSGR, Kaiyuan, China) in 2009, 2010 and 2011. A total of 21 germplasms that tested negative for Lxx in 2009 and 2010 were selected for further Lxx detection after being subjected to artificial inoculation in 2011 and 2012. The 21 core germplasms that were negative for Lxx after natural infection and artificial inoculation can provide elite resistance source materials and reference frames for the effective breeding of RSD-resistant sugarcane varieties. Under natural conditions, 116 (84.67%) and 21 (15.33%) out of 137 germplasms were positive and negative for Lxx, respectively, as determined by PCR detection, which suggests that a relatively high ratio of sugarcane core germplasms was sensitive to RSD, while few were resistant to RSD. The sequencing and analysis of 30 randomly selected PCR products showed that all 30 sequences were identical or highly homologous to the corresponding Lxx genome region published in GenBank (99.54–100% similarity). Lxx can be detected effectively and precisely by PCR. We therefore recommend PCR as a rapid, low cost and simple procedure to score sugarcane core germplasms for RSD resistance.  相似文献   

我国甘蔗机械化成本分析及机收效益评价模型的建立   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张华  罗俊  廖平伟  郭伟 《热带作物学报》2010,31(10):1669-1673

对耕整地、种植、中耕培土及收获环节的机械化生产方式与常规生产方式的成本进行比较分析。结果显示,人工支出在常规生产方式的成本构成中所占比重最大,以机械替代人、畜力节约生产成本14.19%,其中以种植机械化的节约幅度最大,收获在机械化各环节成本构成中所占比重最大,凸显其重要性。并研究建立了"公顷纯收入"的多元线性回归模型,各自变量的贡献由大到小依次为:甘蔗单产、甘蔗收购价、肥料成本、委托机收费用。  相似文献   

甘蔗锈病研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘晓妹  刘文波  施焕焕  王新龙 《中国植保导刊》2007,27(12):12-15

甘蔗锈病是甘蔗上的重要病害之一,近年来在我国的为害有逐年扩大和加重的趋势。为此,综述了甘蔗锈病的分布与为害、症状类型与特点、病原种类与特征及其系统发育学、病害发生规律、预测预报及综合防治方面的最新研究进展,并提出了今后研究的方向。  相似文献   

蔗区降雨分布与甘蔗需水及加肥灌溉效应   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

谭宏伟  周柳强  谢如林  黄美福 《农业科学与技术》2009,10(4):175-177,182

1材料与方法 1．1试验概况选择有代表性的甘蔗种植区广西壮族自治区来宾市进行田间试验，供试甘蔗品种为“台糖22”，种植密度45000芽段／hm^2。各生长阶段降雨观测在田间试验旁进行，试验地养分测定按常规方法。  相似文献