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[目的]了解3种杀菌剂对水生生物的急性和联合毒性.[方法]采用静态换水方法研究了烯唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺锰盐3种杀菌剂对饰纹姬蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性及其联合毒性,并对其进行了安全性评价.[结果]在急性毒性试验中,烯唑醇在24、48和72 h的半致死浓度（LC50）分别为60.80、62.40和41.20 mg/L;苯醚甲环唑的LC50分别为11.50、10.40和9.00 mg/L;咪鲜胺锰盐的LC50分别为49.30、6.40和3.00 mg/L;烯唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺锰盐对饰纹姬蛙蝌蚪的安全浓度（SC）分别为19.90、2.50和0.03 mg/L.在联合毒性试验中,烯唑醇＋苯醚甲环唑的联合毒性和咪鲜胺锰盐＋苯醚甲环唑联合毒性均表现为协同作用,咪鲜胺锰盐＋烯唑醇联合组中除了0.6U ＋0.4U毒性比组均表现为协同作用外,其他3个毒性比组均表现为拮抗作用.[结论]为进一步了解农药对两栖类的毒性影响以及农药在农业中的合理使用提供了参考. 相似文献
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The interactive effects of UV-B and insecticide exposure on tadpole survival, growth and development
Because declines within amphibian populations can seldom be attributed to a single cause, it is important to focus on multiple stressors, both natural and anthropogenic. Variables such as UV-B radiation and chemical contamination can interact with one another in ways that might not be predicted from single-factor studies. We exposed southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) tadpoles to the insecticide carbaryl and varying intensities of UV-B radiation in artificial ponds and examined their effects on survival, size at metamorphosis, and the duration of the larval period. Tadpole survival to metamorphosis was positively influenced by UV-B intensity. Tadpoles in ponds exposed to carbaryl contained over three times more algae and yielded larger metamorphs than control ponds. Although previous laboratory studies have indicated carbaryl becomes more toxic in the presence of UV-B, we did not find such an effect, perhaps because of the protection afforded by dissolved organic carbon within the ponds. Our research emphasizes the importance of conducting field studies to more accurately predict what occurs under a natural setting. 相似文献
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Graeme R Gillespie 《Biological conservation》2002,106(2):141-150
The impact of increased-deposited sediment loads on growth and development of tadpoles of the spotted tree frog, Litoria spenceri, in south-eastern Australia was assessed in conjunction with food type and tadpole density. This investigation was conducted in stream enclosures subjected to varying treatments of tadpole density, substrata and deposited-sediment load. Tadpole growth and development were not significantly affected by food type, but there was a trend toward increased performance on periphyton substrata. Tadpole growth and development were significantly reduced by increases in tadpole density and sediment load. These effects were independent, suggesting that increased sediment load reduced food quality rather than quantity. Activities in catchments that increase sediment loads in streams may adversely affect growth and development of tadpoles of L. spenceri. Increased sediment input into streams may therefore reduce tadpole fitness and recruitment to the terrestrial stage. Disturbance processes that increase stream sediment loads, such as forestry activities and associated road construction, may potentially have contributed to the observed declines of L. spenceri and other lotic anurans in south-eastern Australia. 相似文献
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在水温(17.2±0.8)℃的室内条件下,采用单因子急性中毒试验法,研究体长为(18.7±2.4)mm的长白山林蛙蝌蚪对水环境Ca2+质量浓度的适应性,探讨蝌蚪养殖水体Ca2+的适宜浓度.结果表明,水环境Ca2+对蝌蚪的急性毒性作用呈双向剂量效应.蝌蚪对水环境14.0 mg/L以下和425.7 mg/L以上的Ca2+质量浓度的适应性都较差,48 h死亡率均在50%以上;其低浓度组(0.1-113.5 mg/L)的24 h、48 h半数致死浓度分别为37.6mg/L及43.4 mg/L;高浓度组(425.7-1560.9 mg/L)的24 h、48 h半数致死浓度分别为667.5mg/L及361.3 mg/L.适宜蝌蚪生存的水环境Ca2+质量浓度为96.6-248.7 mg/L;蝌蚪对水环境Ca2+质量浓度的最高耐受限为1 122.6 mg/L,最低耐受限0.9 mg/L.蝌蚪养殖水体的Ca2+质量浓度应控制在100-300 mg/L. 相似文献
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[目的]研究野外黑眶蟾蜍(Bufo melanostictus)蝌蚪的生存状况。[方法]研究分别在碱性水(p H 7.5~8.0)以及酸性水(p H 5.5~6.0)2种模拟环境条件下,通过急性毒性试验方法以不同的浓度梯度Mg~(2+)对黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪进行24和48 h的胁迫试验。[结果]在相同浓度梯度和相同观察时间下,黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪在碱性水中的存活率低于酸性水;不同p H的水环境与Mg~(2+)的协同作用显著影响黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪的48 h存活率(F7,32=3.373,P0.05);黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪在酸性水环境下适宜生存的Mg~(2+)浓度范围为1 418.41~1 590.54 mg/L,半致死浓度(LC_(50))为2 357.32 mg/L,安全浓度为521.51 mg/L;在碱性水环境下适宜生存的Mg~(2+)浓度范围为1 264.91~1 418.41 mg/L,LC_(50)为1 879.81 mg/L,安全浓度为533.99 mg/L。[结论]该研究可为今后黑眶蟾蜍的保护提供理论依据。 相似文献
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