动物饲料国际贸易、养殖密度与环境氮磷平衡的关系     

王学鹏 《中国饲料》2021,(2):125-128

粮食和饲料的国际贸易促进了许多国家农业生产系统的专业化和集约化。专业化动物养殖越来越多地依赖进口大豆和玉米,虽然提高了动物生产力,但也促使作物和动物生产系统在空间上的分离。本文综述了几十年来全球范围内大豆和玉米的贸易变化,并将其与养殖密度和整个食品系统中营养平衡的变化联系起来。这一变化与不同的营养管理条例的差异和动物饲养密度的空间变化有关。深入解析这些变化有助于理解动物饲料国际贸易、养殖密度与氮磷平衡之间的复杂关系。  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity          下载免费PDF全文

Peter M. Kiffney  Ben Cram  Paul L. Faulds  Karl Burton  Michele Koehler  Thomas P. Quinn 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(4):1037-1053

To examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance.  相似文献   

关联度分析在农业生态系统技术调控上的应用     

文化  张壬午 《华北农学报》1990,5(3):94-99

农业生态系统是个“灰箱”.我们运用模糊数学的关联度分析,尝试对这类灰色系统的投入进行技术调控,并取得了良好的效果.通过对农田子系统投入的化肥(尤其是N化肥)、粪肥和还田秸秆进行技术调控的实例证明;它可以作为能、物流分析的辅助手段,互相取长补短.通过关联序分析和关联系数分析,来调整系统的投入结构和投入技艺(时、空、量级及方式的选择).本文提出了应用关联度分析的基本程序和要领以及“贡献曲线”、“潜力曲线”等概念.  相似文献   

我国食用菌出口遭遇贸易壁垒的原因、类型及对策   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

门殿英  谭琦  王南 《食用菌学报》2004,11(4):51-56

贸易壁垒正在成为我国农产品出口的瓶颈。本文分析了我国食用菌产品出口遭遇的贸易壁垒类型及其原因，并提出了相关建议。  相似文献   

云南省食用菌产业技术标准体系建设研究     

李洁实  董娇  张微思  朱萍 《中国食用菌》2014,(3):1-2

分析了食用菌标准化现状，归纳目前食用菌标准体系存在的主要问题，提出云南省食用菌标准体系建设的原则与依据，按照产前、产中、产后划分标准类别，构建云南省食用菌产业技术标准体系。  相似文献   

基于PSO-BP神经网络的外贸发展状况的评价     

刘冠宇 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(4):105-110

以我国对外贸易的实际情况为基础，建立了评价外贸发展状况的一套指标体系.使用主成分分析方法对所有评价指标进行预处理之后，借助粒子群优化算法改进了BP神经网络算法，构建了外贸发展状况的评价模型.评价模型在具体应用中，评价结果较为准确，具有一定的科学性和合理性.  相似文献   

野生动物非法交易犯罪案件信息特征分析     

朱明 《野生动物学报》2021,(2):555-560

对野生动物非法交易案件进行信息特征分析,可以把握案件的发生规律,提供决策者参考,以便有针对性预防和打击犯罪,更好地保护野生动物资源。本研究应用大数据分析的方法,对野生动物非法交易犯罪案件的文本数据进行结构化处理,建立了word2vec模型。从犯罪因素的角度统计分析了本类案件的信息特征,包括侵害人的特征、作案行为特征、侵害的动物或动物制品、侵害的时间和案件发生的地点等。在梳理基本特征的基础上应用关联算法构建了关联规则。根据特征分析和关联规则,提出了开展季节性防控、对特定群体和场所进行有针对性预防、对上游下游犯罪进行联动打击、与网管等多部门合作,运用现代科技成果进行打击和防范的对策建议。  相似文献   

Movement patterns of seaward migrating European eel (Anguilla anguilla) at a complex of riverine barriers: implications for conservation          下载免费PDF全文

Adam T. Piper  Jon C. Svendsen  Rosalind M. Wright  Paul S. Kemp 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(1):87-98

River infrastructure such as weirs and hydropower stations commonly present migrating fish with multiple potential passage routes. Knowledge of the cues fish use to navigate such environments is required to protect migrants from hazardous areas and guide them towards safe passage; however, this is currently lacking for many species. Employing high‐resolution positioning telemetry, this study examined movements of downstream migrating adult European eel, Anguilla anguilla, as they encountered a complex of water control structures in one location on the River Stour, southern England. The distribution of eels across five potential routes of passage differed from that predicted based on proportion of discharge alone. Certain routes were consistently avoided, even when the majority of flow passed through them. Passage distribution was partially explained by avoidance in the vicinity of a floating debris boom. Movement paths were nonrandomly distributed across the forebay and eels moved predominantly within a zone 2–4 m from the channel walls. Understanding of avoidance and structure oriented movementation exhibited by eels will help advance effective guidance and downstream passage solutions for adults.  相似文献   

中国奶粉进口贸易发展的新态势、问题与建议     

郑国富 《中国乳业》2021,(9):52-59

2001—2020年中国奶粉进口贸易发展呈现规模持续增扩与地位提升,产品结构趋于优化,进口来源有效拓展,进口均价持续攀升等特征。但也存在着进口增势迅猛,冲击国内产业;来源市场集中,均价不断高涨;假洋奶粉泛滥,扰乱市场秩序;走私花样繁多,海关监管困难等问题。提出新时期应积极扶持国产奶粉生产企业转型升级,提升核心竞争力;拓展来源渠道,分散风险集聚;整顿行业乱象,规范市场秩序;从严海关监管,打击非法走私,实现国内奶粉行业可持续健康发展。  相似文献   

花卉类特色产品网上交易的研究     

徐韬  王震  茹玉  史珍妮  李凡  陈黎明 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(28):17653-17654,17656

网上花卉交易可以为花卉企业节约成本,花卉企业可以通过网络收集、发布信息,而且网络是世界上最大的信息仓库,信息交换的可靠性远远超过常规通信方式发布信息。这种高效率、低成本产业链结点是别的方式不可比拟的。但是网上交易过程中也存在一些问题,如交易信息的不对称、缺少花卉质量的标准化认证、信息披露的不明确、产品损伤、支付纠纷以及售后服务问题等。对此,提出应建立严格的身份认证、资信授予与审查制度,产品质量的标准化评估,网上交易平台的完善,定价、运输的标准化,建立信用评价制度,售后服务的承诺和纠纷处理机制等,以达到在保障消费者权益的基础上,促进花卉类特色产品网上交易的可持续发展。  相似文献