瓢虫防卫生物碱中的氮杂大环内酯          下载免费PDF全文

董燕红  王道全  陈馥衡 《农药学学报》2003,5(2):13-22

化学防卫是昆虫防御外来侵害的方法之一。简要评述了墨西哥豆瓢虫Epilachna varivestis、南瓜瓢虫Epilachna borealis、苜蓿瓢虫Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata 3种瓢虫蛹分泌的化学防御物质——氮杂大环内酯的结构、生物活性以及生物合成的研究进展。  相似文献   

Safety of standardized Macleaya cordata extract in an eighty‐four‐day dietary study in dairy cows          下载免费PDF全文

W. Wang  L. C. Dolan  S. von Alvensleben  M. Morlacchini  G. Fusconi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e61-e68

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of a standardized Macleaya cordata Extract Product (MCEP) containing the quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids, sanguinarine and chelerythrine, when fed to dairy cows. Thirty‐six dairy cows were randomized into three groups with twelve cows/treatment in two replica pens for each treatment group: control (C) without MCEP added to feed, treatment 1 (SANG‐1000) with MCEP added to feed at 1,000 mg/animal/day (1.5 mg/kg bw/day) and treatment 2 (SANG‐10000) with MCEP added to feed at 10,000 mg/animal/day (15.5 mg MCEP/kg bw/day). After two weeks of acclimation, animals were observed for an 84‐day experimental period, with body weight, feed intake and milk production measured daily. Milk composition was analysed every two weeks. Haematological analyses were performed on Day 0 and Day 84, and clinical chemistry analyses were performed on Day 84 of the study. There was no statistically significant difference (p > .10) among the three groups on body condition score, milk production or milk composition over the study period. There were no significant differences in body weight gain or feed consumption among the three groups. Animals in the SANG‐10000 group had significantly higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than the C group (p < .1) and lower mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) than the SANG‐1000 group (p < .1). Concentrations of sanguinarine and chelerythrine in milk samples collected on Day 84 were below the detection limit (LOD) as measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). In conclusion, this study presents compelling data supporting the hypothesis that the test product MCEP, when included in the TMR at up to 10,000 mg/animal/day (15.5 mg MCEP/kg bw/day), is well tolerated by dairy cows.  相似文献   

小美牛肝菌生物碱抑制运动神经系统原理     

张勇 《中国食用菌》2020,(3):41-43

通过大鼠急性毒性试验、大鼠脊髓损伤运动功能试验和大鼠脊髓含水量试验,对小美牛肝菌生物碱抑制运动神经系统的原理进行研究。大鼠急性毒性试验结果表明,小美牛肝菌生物碱含有一定的毒性,对机体组织的运动神经系统有一定的影响;大鼠脊髓损伤运动功能试验结果表明,小美牛肝菌所含的生物碱物质能够促进大鼠脊髓损伤恢复,降低大鼠脊髓神经损伤;大鼠脊髓含水量试验结果表明,小美牛肝菌生物碱具有消炎抗氧化作用,能够降低过氧化物对神经细胞的损害。  相似文献   

Bacillus thuringiensis CHGP12 uses a multifaceted approach for the suppression of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and to enhance the biomass of chickpea plants     

Rida Fatima  Tahir Mahmood  Anam Moosa  Muhammad Naveed Aslam  Muhammad Taimoor Shakeel  Ambreen Maqsood  Muhammad Umar Shafiq  Tanvir Ahmad  Mahmoud Moustafa  Mohammad Al-Shehri 《Pest management science》2023,79(1):336-348

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番茄植株中生物碱类对菜青虫(Pieris rapae L.)活性组分的分离和提纯     

徐美娟  管致和 《中国农业大学学报》1994,(2):153-156

为寻找和开发不污染环境、不伤害天敌而对菜青虫有活性的行为物质,本研究对番茄植株中的生物碱类进行提取、分离和部分纯化,得到了极性和非极性生物碱类以及番茄苷(tomatine)纯品,与标样对照薄层试验吻合。将提取物对5龄菜青虫进行试验表明:生物碱类及其中的番茄苷对菜青虫有明显拒食作用;番茄苷对菜青虫有抑制生长发育的作用。  相似文献   

醉马草化学成分预试及毒性部位筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张伟  李冠 《动物医学进展》2006,27(7):97-99

以春秋两季醉马草样品作为试验材料,粉剂样品分别做系统预试验比较所含主要成分种类和数量上的差异,并通过分光光度法测定了2种材料的生物碱和黄酮含量;分别用不同极性溶剂制作的悬浮液,做毒性筛选试验。结果表明,春季材料含的生物碱类成分远远超过秋季材料,而秋季材料所含的黄酮类成分远远超过春季材料;毒理试验表明,毒性成分主要集中在春季材料的950 mL/L乙醇提取部分。  相似文献   

Novel Alkaloids from Marine Actinobacteria: Discovery and Characterization     

Anne-Sofie De Rop  Jeltien Rombaut  Thomas Willems  Marilyn De Graeve  Lynn Vanhaecke  Paco Hulpiau  Sofie L. De Maeseneire  Maarten L. De Mol  Wim K. Soetaert 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

The marine environment is an excellent resource for natural products with therapeutic potential. Its microbial inhabitants, often associated with other marine organisms, are specialized in the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites. Similar to their terrestrial counterparts, marine Actinobacteria are a prevalent source of these natural products. Here, we discuss 77 newly discovered alkaloids produced by such marine Actinobacteria between 2017 and mid-2021, as well as the strategies employed in their elucidation. While 12 different classes of alkaloids were unraveled, indoles, diketopiperazines, glutarimides, indolizidines, and pyrroles were most dominant. Discoveries were mainly based on experimental approaches where microbial extracts were analyzed in relation to novel compounds. Although such experimental procedures have proven useful in the past, the methodologies need adaptations to limit the chance of compound rediscovery. On the other hand, genome mining provides a different angle for natural product discovery. While the technology is still relatively young compared to experimental screening, significant improvement has been made in recent years. Together with synthetic biology tools, both genome mining and extract screening provide excellent opportunities for continued drug discovery from marine Actinobacteria.  相似文献   

Algicidal and cyanocidal effects of selected isoquinoline alkaloids     

Daniel Jančula  Jana Gregorová  Blahoslav Maršálek 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(4):598-601

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Floral induction (FI) in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees. III: Effect of shading the trees on potassium chlorate induced FI and resulting hormonal changes in leaves and shoots     

K. Sringarm  P. Potchanasin  D. Naphrom  K.F. Bangerth 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

Previous experiments demonstrated that treatment of longan trees with potassium chlorate (KClO₃) induces “off season floral induction” (FI) even in the absence of the naturally required cool temperature [Manochai, P., Sruamsiri, P., Wiriya-alongkorn, W., Naphrom, D., Hegele, M., Bangerth, F., 2005. Year around off season flower induction in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees by KClO₃ applications: potentials and problems. Sci. Hortic. 104, 379–390]. Potassium chlorate, however, cannot replace the presence of functional mature leaves and sufficient light intensity. Here we examined in more detail the effect of shade (about 10% of natural sunlight) on KClO₃ affected hormone concentrations/transport of leaves and shoot apical buds (SAB) and their interactions with FI.  相似文献   

内源IAA对杂交稻强、弱势粒灌浆增重的影响   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  

陶龙兴  王熹  黄效林 《中国水稻科学》2003,17(2):149-155

以超级杂交稻协优9308和杂交稻协优9312、Ⅱ优162及其相应恢复系为材料,对灌浆初期籽粒中内源IAA、糖分的变化,以及IAA抑制剂对IAA以及3H 标记葡萄糖吸收分配和籽粒灌浆的影响进行了研究。结果表明在籽粒灌浆初期强势粒的IAA含量以及增重的速度始终高于弱势粒。在开花受精7 d以前,强势粒中果糖、葡萄糖及蔗糖的含量高于弱势粒,之后相反。强、弱势粒间存在的这种灌浆势差异,杂交组合大于其相应的恢复系。IAA合成及运输抑制剂明显降低3H 葡萄糖在籽粒中的分配。外源IAA对幼穗的处理,缩小了强、弱势粒间结实率的差异,使整穗的结实率也有所提高。  相似文献