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镰刀菌毒素对动物毒性作用的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
镰刀菌是污染粮食和饲料的主要真菌菌属之一,可产生多种高毒性、低分子量的代谢产物,如玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素等,这些毒素严重威胁动物和人类的健康。摄入镰刀菌毒素可对动物造成多种毒性作用,包括生殖毒性、免疫毒性、肠道毒性、肝肾毒性、细胞毒性及致癌性等。不同类型镰刀菌毒素引起的毒性作用不尽一致,且不同毒素间存在互作效应。为此,本文对单一或混合镰刀菌毒素毒性的研究进展进行了总结和归纳,为镰刀菌毒素的深入研究提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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为了筛选出防治葡萄茶黄蓟马效果较好的药剂,减少农药的使用量,本研究采用药膜浸叶法测定了17种药剂对茶黄蓟马成虫的室内毒力。结果表明氟虫腈、虫螨腈、高氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉、功夫等药剂对茶黄蓟马表现出较高的毒力,建议在田间防治中优先考虑使用这些药剂;毒死蜱、丁醚脲、阿维菌素、丁硫克百威和丙溴磷的毒力效果相对较低,建议在生产中尽量少用。本研究对茶黄蓟马的室内毒力测定结果可为今后化学防治该害虫提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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郝赤 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1996,16(3):239-242
在室内人工饲养菜蛾氯氰菊酯敏感品系与抗性品系.通过人为施用氟氰菊酯,使抗性品系得以保持.通过试验分别获得氯氰菊酯在两品系幼虫的LC_(50)L—刀豆氨酸,产生子刀豆种子的非蛋白毒性氨酸对两品系皆表现药效.通过饲喂法测得L—刀豆氨酸在敏感与抗性品系幼虫的LC_(50).分别为18.11μg/cm~2与20.99μg/cm~2.试验结果表明两品系对L—刀豆氨酸具有近乎相同的敏感程度.此项研究为克服菜蛾业已形成的对拟除虫菊酯类的抗性和利用遗传工程使寄产本身产生刀豆氨酸以抵御害虫侵袭奠定了理论基础. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11):1253-1267
Abstract Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) is increasingly becoming an important tree crop in many parts of the world. However, knowledge about the plant's nutritional behavior, especially under adverse soil conditions, has been deficient. To address this deficiency, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Al, Mn and Ca (soil acidity and liming) on macadamia seedlings. Three soils having different mineralogy and fertility were used; soil pH was adjusted based on lime requirement curves so that several pH levels ranging from 4.5 to 7.5 were obtained for each soil. Chemical composition of the soil solution and of recently fully mature leaves was monitored periodically to assess the growth response. Results suggested that Al was detrimental to physiological processes of macadamia seedlings when leaf Al was greater than 275 mg kg and soil‐solution Al exceeded 1.2 mg L‐1. Furthermore, Al seemed to have reduced Mn uptake by the plant, although macadamia could accumulate as much as 1200 mg Mn kg‐1 in leaves without apparent toxic symptoms. The internal Ca requirement of the plant was not clearly defined; however, maximum growth could be expected when soil solutions contained 160 mg Ca L‐1 , which corresponded to 0.9 cmol(+)kg‐1 of exchangeable Ca (or 10% of CEC) in a highly weathered Oxisol. 相似文献
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几种常用杀虫剂对桃蚜的毒力测定 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
用FAO推荐的微量点滴法对山西省太谷县地区的桃蚜对不同药剂的敏感性变化进行了测定,结果发现,在2004年5月到6月期间,桃蚜对不同药剂的敏感性不同。试验所用的8种杀虫剂对桃蚜毒力测定结果为:阿维菌素>吡虫啉>灭多威>溴氰菊酯>氧化乐果>氰戊菊酯>辛硫磷>马拉松。即阿维菌素LD50为0.00255μg/头,吡虫啉LD50为0.00657μg/头,灭多威LD50为0.00790μg/头,溴氰菊酯LD50为0.02380μg/头,氧化乐果LD50为0.02979μg/头,氰戊菊酯LD50为0.11596μg/头,辛硫磷LD50为0.12031μg/头,马拉松LD50为0.65467μg/头。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3):213-227
Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds were grown on soils known to produce Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca, and Cu deficiency and Al and Mn toxicity. The inbreds were assessed for their differential responses to the elemental problem induced by each soil. Marked differences in susceptibility and/or tolerance to limited or excess amounts of mineral nutrients were noted among the inbreds. Information on differential responses of plants to the various mineral elements should be beneficial for overcoming particular element problems and for developing plants which utilize mineral elements more efficiently. 相似文献
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