Laboratory selection of resistance by the red flour beetle,tribolium castaneum (Herbst), to an atmosphere of low oxygen concentration     

E. Donahaye 《Phytoparasitica》1990,18(3):189-202

Adult populations of the red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), were exposed for 40 generations to an atmosphere containing 99.5% N₂ and 0.5% O₂ at 95% RH, in order to select a strain resistant to the low oxygen concentration (LOC) atmosphere. Selection pressure was maintained at between 50% and 70% mortality. At the 40th generation comparison of sensitivity between the selected strain and the original non-selected strain indicated a resistance factor at the 50% mortality level (LT50) of x 5.2. However, throughout the selections, log-time against probit-mortality curves remained roughly parallel from generation to generation and the slope remained low. These findings indicate a multiplicity of genetic factors that at a high level of selection contribute together towards an adaptation of the insects to survival in the LOC atmosphere. Removal of selection pressure from a sub-population of the selected strain from the 13th to 21st generation revealed that resistance was partially retained with a decrease in resistance factor of 23%. Although the study revealed that the insects were able to develop a strain resistant to hypoxia, exposures were at 95% RH to minimize the desiccation effect. This does not reflect field situations, where ambient relative humidities are generally below 70%.  相似文献   

基于GC-MS和电子鼻的面粉中粮虫快速检测方法     

韩少云  董晓光  熊黎剑  侯宇鑫  徐杨  汤修映 《农业机械学报》2023,54(S1):358-365

储粮害虫会降低粮食及其产品的重量、品质和营养健康指数,并且我国粮虫检测方式仍然以人工检测为主。为满足储粮害虫快速检测的需求,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）获得了赤拟谷盗（Tribolium castaneum（Herbst））的主要特定挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）,根据这些化合物的性质筛选出多个金属氧化物气敏传感器,并以传感器阵列为核心开发了储粮害虫电子鼻检测装置。该装置采集了赤拟谷盗、被赤拟谷盗侵染的面粉、被长头谷盗（Latheticus oryzae Waterhouse）侵染的面粉3种实验对象的气味信息,提取每条响应曲线的相对变化值和相对积分值作为原始特征矩阵（10×2）,使用主成分分析（PCA）和偏最小二乘回归算法（PLSR）对原始特征矩阵进行分析,并通过建立回归预测模型,实现了对面粉中赤拟谷盗和长头谷盗虫口密度的预测。优化后的传感器数量由10个减少至8个,赤拟谷盗样品的两个主成分累计的贡献率为79.4%。基于PLSR的预测模型对面粉中赤拟谷盗的数量有很好的预测效果（校正集：相关系数r=0.88,均方根误差为8.09;验证集：r=0.89,均方根误差为7.75）;该预测模型对面粉中长头谷盗的数量也有很好的预测效果（校正集：r=0.94,均方根误差为5.85;验证集：r=0.94,均方根误差为6.08）。研究结果表明：该装置能够满足判别储粮中不同虫口密度样本的基本需要,并且具有可靠的稳定性。  相似文献   

Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Pimentel MA  Faroni LR  Tótola MR  Guedes RN 《Pest management science》2007,63(9):876-881

Resistance to fumigants has been frequently reported in insect pests of stored products and is one of the obstacles in controlling these pests. The authors studied phosphine resistance and its physiological basis in adult insects of 12 populations of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae), ten populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Bostrichidae) and eight populations of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Silvanidae) from Brazil, and the possible existence of fitness costs associated with phosphine resistance in the absence of this fumigant. The bioassays for the detection of phosphine resistance followed the FAO standard method. The production of carbon dioxide and the instantaneous rate of population increase (r(i)) of each population of each species were correlated with their resistance ratios at the LC(50). The resistance ratio at LC(50) in T. castaneum ranged from 1.0- to 186.2-fold, in R. dominica from 2.0- to 71.0-fold and in O. surinamensis from 1.9- to 32.2-fold. Ten populations of T. castaneum, nine populations of R. dominica and seven populations of O. surinamensis were resistant to phosphine. In all three species there was significant association (P < 0.05) between respiration rate and phosphine resistance. The populations with lower carbon dioxide production showed a higher resistance ratio, suggesting that the lower respiration rate is the physiological basis of phosphine resistance by reducing the fumigant uptake in the resistant insects. Conversely, populations with higher r(i) showed lower resistance ratios, which could indicate a lower rate of reproduction of the resistant populations compared with susceptible populations. Thus, management strategies based on the interruption of phosphine fumigation may result in reestablishment of susceptibility, and shows good potential for more effective management of phosphine-resistant populations.  相似文献   

高浓度CO2气调防治谷蠹及杂拟谷盗的研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

邓永学  赵志模  李隆术 《粮食储藏》2002,31(1):3-6

将谷蠹Rhyzopertha dominica(Fab.）成虫及杂拟谷盗Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du val卵、幼虫、肾和成虫分别暴露于35％CO2和11％O2，35％CO2和21％O2，75％CO2和11％O2，75％CO2和21％O2四种气调环境中12、24、36、48、60、72、84、96、108、120小时，结果表明谷蠹成虫对四种气调环境都很敏感，其LT50分别为34.6、42.0、18.6、17.8小时。杂拟谷盗成虫较耐35％CO2、11％O2及35％CO2、21％O2气调环境，处理120小时后，成虫死亡率低于12％。卵及幼虫对四种气调环境较为敏感，蛹对35％CO2、11％O2的耐受性比35％CO2、21％O2强，前者LT50为2248.3小时，后者为124.5小时，杂拟谷盗卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫对四种气调环境敏感顺序为：卵＞幼虫＞蛹＞成虫。  相似文献   

三种有机磷杀虫剂混配对赤拟谷盗的增效作用     

李晓红  侯毅  冀雁蔚  王志超  郝赤 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,27(3):285-287

在室内采用药膜法测定了辛硫磷、对硫磷和杀螟硫磷两两混配对赤拟谷盗成虫的毒力,据其LC50值及CTC值比较不同配比的增效作用。结果表明触杀效果较好的组合是杀螟硫磷与辛硫磷以4∶1混配,共毒系数为285.30;杀螟硫磷与对硫磷以8∶1混配,共毒系数是281.88,增效作用明显。  相似文献   

一种防治贮粮甲虫的新型种子处理剂-ADAGE     

岳碧松  邹方东  徐柳 《西南农业学报》2002,15(1):46-49

Adage是美国Syngenta公司近年开发成功的一种新型杀虫剂。实验表明，用0.5ppm-4ppm的剂量处理玉米种子，对赤拟谷盗、玉米象和锯谷盗的防治效果因虫种、剂量、处理时间和处理温度而有差异。当处理浓度为4ppm、处理时间为1-6d时，玉米象成虫在22℃、27℃和32℃时的死亡率分别为79．3％－89．3％、91．2％－99．2％和97．5％－100％。而对于赤拟谷盗，处理时间比处理温度更重要，当处理浓度为4ppm、温度为27℃、处理时间为1、2、3、6d时，赤拟谷盗成虫死亡率分别为23.4%、40.1%、60.8%和100％。同样，Adage对锯谷盗的防治效果也明显受到处理时间的影响。当处理浓度为4ppm、温度为32℃、处理时间为1、2、3、6d时，锯谷盗成虫死亡率分别为66．0％、88．5％、96．7％和100％。  相似文献   

利用昆虫病原真菌防治贮粮害虫展望     

杰夫·  劳尔德 《安徽农业大学学报》2007,34(2):167-173

Only two fungus species,Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae,have been given serious attention as possible microbial controls for stored-product pests.Their host ranges are broad, but their potency for the various target insects varies greatly,and some of the most important pests such as the red flour beetle are very tolerant of fungi.Accordingly, strategies are needed to improve the fungal performance.One such strategy is combination with other environmentally benign treatments such as controlled desiccant dusts and controlled atmospheres. Ironically the relatively dryness of stored-product environments favors fungal efficacy.Desiccation stress renders some insects more vulnerable to fungi.The longevity of fungus spores is also best under dry conditions.The prospects of fungi for control of stored-product pests can be improved by taking advantage of these phenomena and judicious selection of use venues and application strategies.  相似文献   

CO2气调对两种储粮害虫致死率的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邓永学  李隆术 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,14(1):1-4

谷蠹(Rhyzopertha dominica)成虫和杂拟谷盗(Tribolium con fusum)卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫对35%CO_2、11%O_2,35%CO_2、21%O_2,75%CO_2、11%O_2及75%CO_2、21%O_2 4种气调环境都很敏感,但35%CO_2对杂拟谷盗成虫致死率不高。杂拟谷盗卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫对高CO_2(75%)气调环境的敏感顺序为:卵>幼虫>蛹>成虫。  相似文献   

几种中药材对抗同贮对赤拟谷盗的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

韩群鑫  陈杰林  曾春祥  廖远光  辜燕冕 《仲恺农业技术学院学报》2001,14(2):32-36

对丁香、吴茱萸、花椒单独和分别与千年健混和（1：1）对赤拟谷盗成虫的死亡率及混和物对虫体内可溶性蛋白质的影响进行了研究。结果表明：①丁香、吴茱萸单独防虫的效果优于与千年健的混和物，并且丁香的防虫效果更好，在第5d，成虫死亡率为100％，而花椒与千年健的混合物对赤拟谷盗的防虫效果高于花椒单独使用。②拟谷盗成虫在混和物中死亡率由高到低为：丁香与千年健的混和物＞花椒与千年健的混合物＞吴茱萸与千年健的混合物＞千年健。虫体内的可溶性蛋白质含量由高到低为：吴茱萸与千年健的混和物＞花椒与千年健的混和物＞丁香与千年健的混和物＞千年健，说明赤拟谷盗成虫体内的可溶性蛋白质含量与其死亡率之间不存在的相关关系。在中药材的养护中，可考虑采用花椒与千年健共贮、丁香、吴茱萸来防治赤拟谷盗。  相似文献   

个体、家系和指数选择方法实验对比     

常春  宁国杰  张劳 《中国农业大学学报》1993,(3):97-100

用三种不同选择方法,对赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum)21日龄蛹重向上和向下两个方向进行5个世代的选择,以比较选择方法的效果。三种方法是:个体选择法(ID),家系选择法(F)和指数选择法(IX)。试验设两个重复,每个重复含有一个相同条件下的随机交配对照组(C)。对蛹重5代选择的结果为:无论上选还是下选,各方法与对照组间差异均极显著(P<0.01),且选择反应呈不对称状。在上选组中,雌、雄、及雌雄合并时所得反应排序都是IX>ID>F。在雌雄合并中,各方法间差异极显著;雌性中 ID 和 F 之间差异显著(P<0.05),其他各方法间差异极显著;雄性中 ID 和 IX 之间差异不显著,ID 与 F 间差异显著,IX 和 F 之间差异极显著。在下选组中,排序均为 IX相似文献