Effects of natural pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroids on the tiger mosquito,Aedes albopictus (skuse) and non-target flower-visiting insects in urban green areas of Padua,Italy     

Daria Corcos  Luca Mazzon  Pierfilippo Cerretti  Maurizio Mei  Edoardo Giussani  Andrea Drago 《国际虫害防治杂志》2020,66(3):215-221

Abstract

The tiger mosquito is a key vector of several human diseases and is considered a public health concern worldwide. The implementation of strategies aimed at maximizing mosquito control without affecting non-target insect groups is of major importance. In a field trial, we tested the efficiency of a natural pyrethrum-based vs. a synthetic pyrethroid-based insecticide in reducing tiger mosquito population and how they affect the diversity of non-target flower-visiting insects in green urban areas. Only the pyrethroid insecticide was effective in reducing mosquito abundance, although its effects disappeared nine days after application. The two adulticides did not significantly affect the diversity of flower-visiting insects, probably because of their large body size and the difference in flying and foraging activity. To effectively control mosquito populations while preventing intoxication of non-target flower-visiting insects, adulticide applications should be applied early in the morning and only on bushes and trees. Results from our small-scale applications cannot be extrapolate when larger areas are treated.  相似文献   

Dynamics ofRhizoctonia solani (black scurf) in successive potato crops     

G. Jager  H. Velvis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(4):467-478

The position of plants withRhizoctonia solani sclerotia (black scurf) on progeny tubers was mapped for an experimental field at Haren where potatoes were grown continuously and in rotation with other crops for five successive years, and for another field at Borgercompagnie with a 12 frequency of potatoes during three potato crops. Initially, the distribution of plants with black scurf on both fields was rather dense and homogeneous. In the following years the distribution became heterogeneous and patchy. The local decline ofR. solani AG 3 (the common potato pathogen) in Haren was apparently caused by an unknown factor selectively suppressingR. solani AG 3, while simultaneouslyR. solani AG 5 increased in mass. This AG 5 type proved to be an inferior competitor of AG 3 on the potato plant in a laboratory experiment. The specificR. solani antagonistVerticillium biguttatum did not play a role. A similar factor could have reduced the formation of black scurf in the experimental field at Borgercompagnie, whereV. biguttatum was also too infrequent to account for the decline.R. solani AG 5 was not present here and could not indicate the presence of a selective factor against AG 3.  相似文献   

玫瑰、月季、蔷薇等蔷薇属植物RAPD分析   总被引：23，自引：2，他引：23  

陈向明  郑国生  孟丽 《园艺学报》2002,29(1):78-80

 对蔷薇属的玫瑰、月季、蔷薇3 个种的15 个品种进行RAPD 分析, 16 个引物对受试品种PCR扩增共获得202 条谱带, 其中123 条(60. 9 %) 表现多态性。利用UPGAMA 法构建分子系统进化树, 以相似性系数0. 5 为阈值, 玫瑰与月季为一个聚类组, 蔷薇为另一个聚类组; 以相似性系数0. 6 为阈值, 4个蔷薇品种分为4 个不同的聚类组, 5 个月季品种为一个聚类组, 5 个玫瑰品种为一个聚类组, 平阴紫枝玫瑰单独为一个聚类组, 表明玫瑰与月季的亲缘关系较近, 两者与蔷薇的亲缘关系较远。  相似文献   

十五种柑桔种质资源的RAPD分析   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

范眸天  高俊  吴兴恩  李文祥  龙雯虹  许明辉 《中国南方果树》2002,31(6):3-6

对柑桔15个材料（其中包含14个种，1个为品种）进行了RAPD分析，从结果看，各材料之间具有不同的遗传距离，供试材料聚为8个类群，分别为柠檬，柠檬群；香橼，小香橼群；柚，红心柚群；宜昌橙，香圆群；香橙，大翼橙群；红桔，温州蜜柑群；枳登，富民枳群；枳群。采用RAPD技术可作为品种鉴别，亲缘关系和分类的手段。对所得结果进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Single step genomic evaluation for female fertility in Nordic Red dairy cattle          下载免费PDF全文

Kaarina Matilainen  Ismo Strandén  Gert Pedersen Aamand  Esa A. Mäntysaari 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2018,135(5):337-348

Joint Nordic (Denmark, Finland, Sweden) genetic evaluation of female fertility is currently based on the multiple trait multilactation animal model (BLUP). Here, single step genomic model (ssGBLUP) was applied for the Nordic Red dairy cattle fertility evaluation. The 11 traits comprised of nonreturn rate and days from first to last insemination in heifers and first three parities, and days from calving to first insemination in the first three parities. Traits had low heritabilities (0.015–0.04), but moderately high genetic correlations between the parities (0.60–0.88). Phenotypic data included 4,226,715 animals with records and pedigree 5,445,392 animals. Unknown parents were assigned into 332 phantom parent groups (PPG). In mixed model equations animals were associated with PPG effects through the pedigree or both the pedigree and genomic information. Genotype information of 46,914 SNPs was available for 33,969 animals in the pedigree. When PPG used pedigree information only, BLUP converged after 2,420 iterations whereas the ssGBLUP evaluation needed over ten thousand iterations. When the PPG effects were solved accounting both the pedigree and the genomic information, the ssGBLUP model converged after 2,406 iterations. Also, with the latter model breeding values by ssGBLUP and BLUP became more consistent and genetic trends followed each other well. Models were validated using forward prediction of the young bulls. Reliabilities and variance inflation of predicted genomic breeding values (values for parent averages in brackets) for the 11 traits ranged 0.22–0.31 (0.10–0.27) and 0.81–0.95 (0.83–1.06), respectively. The ssGBLUP model gave always higher validation reliabilities than BLUP, but largest increases were for the cow fertility traits.  相似文献   

澳大利亚社区农园的发展及其对我国的启示     

王锐颖 《中国农学通报》2017,33(31):74-80

在一些发达国家,社区农园向人们提供了接触自然、放松身心的场所,已受到越来越多市民的喜欢。而我国社区农园的发展仍处于探索期,借鉴国外社区农园对于我国社区农园的发展有很大的裨益。对澳大利亚社区花园的发展状况进行了详细介绍。以三个分别位于居住区、校园、公园的社区花园为例,根据案例分析社区农园对孤独人群、老年人、儿童、残疾人这些弱势群体带来的益处,阐明其对人们身心健康的改善以及对社会可持续发展的重大意义。文末根据澳大利亚社区农园发展的成功经验和我国城市发展的现状,提出我国建设社区农园需要面临的挑战。  相似文献   

微信公共领域里的失范行为及其法治规范建设     

兰甲云  曾思怡 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(2):154-160

从哈贝马斯公共领域理论出发，提出了微信群与微信公众号已经初步形成了公共领域这一观点，并主要介绍了围绕微信公共领域的社交功能、自媒体传播功能和商业贸易平台功能而产生的失范行为。依法规范微信公共领域，可以从完善依法管理微信公共领域、依法运营微信公共领域、依法使用微信公共领域三个有机联系层面的法治规范展开。  相似文献   

影响猪采食行为的肠道微生物种类鉴别     

姜辉  杨慧  方绍明  高军  陈从英 《畜牧兽医学报》2023,54(1):213-226

动物主要通过采食来获取能量和所需营养物质,探索肠道菌群对猪采食行为的影响并研究其潜在的作用机制,可以为后续通过调控肠道菌群来改善猪采食提供理论基础。以210头商业杜洛克猪为研究对象,使用自动喂料器记录包括平均日采食时间(ADET)、平均日采食次数(ADEV)、平均日采食量(ADFI)等采食行为指标。140日龄时于肛门处收集粪便样品,通过16S rRNA基因V3-V4区测序获得试验猪肠道微生物结构与组成概况,采用Two-part模型以及共丰度组(CAGs)鉴别与猪采食行为相关的肠道微生物种类。结果显示：1)表型间相关性分析结果表明,ADET分别与ADEV(r=0.41,P<0.05)、RFI(r=0.32,P<0.05)呈显著正相关,ADFI分别与RFI(r=0.56,P<0.05)、平均日增重(ADG)(r=0.63,P<0.05)呈显著正相关,另外,RFI与背膘厚呈显著正相关(r=0.16,P<0.05)。2)CAGs分析中,主要包括瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)以及颤螺菌属(Oscillospira...  相似文献   

Finite Groups With 52 p Elements of Maximal Order     

YAN Yan-xiong  CHEN Gui-yun  HE Li-guan 《保鲜与加工》2006,(9):75-80

The authors discuss the finite groups with 52 p elements of maximal order,and get a theorem as follows: SupposeG is a finite group with |M(G)|=52 p elements of maximal order,where p is a prime and p>5,then G is solvable.  相似文献   

刈割干扰对羊草草甸草原植物功能群及多样性的影响     

闫瑞瑞  张宇  辛晓平  卫智军  乌仁其其格  郭美兰 《中国农业科学》2020,53(13):2573-2583

【目的】 刈割是草原主要利用方式之一,植物功能群和群落物种多样性是判别干扰条件下草地生态系统退化的重要生态学指标。研究不同刈割干扰下羊草草甸草原植物功能群和群落物种多样性的变化,了解刈割干扰下草原功能群与多样性变化过程和机制,为退化割草地生态恢复提供理论依据。【方法】 以呼伦贝尔羊草草甸草原时空刈割配置为试验平台,于2014—2018年植物生长最旺盛的季节（即每年8月初）,采用样方法对各个小区进行群落植被调查。分析一年一割（G1）、两年一割（G2）、漏割带10 m（G3）、漏割带5 m（G4）和对照（CK）处理下草甸草原群落功能群和物种多样性变化以及刈割时间和不同刈割处理间的交互作用,探讨植物功能群与群落物种多样性的相关关系。【结果】 研究发现羊草（Leymus chinensis）在不同刈割制度下均为优势物种,但是随着刈割频次的增加呈现出羊草重要值逐渐降低,退化指示物种星毛委陵菜（Potentilla acaulis）、披针叶黄华（Thermopsis lanceolate）等重要值增加的趋势;两年一割处理下羊草、糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）、长柱沙参（Adenophora stenanthina）、柴胡（Bupleurum scorzonerifolium）和草地早熟禾（Poa ratensis）等植物重要值均高于其他处理。一年一割和常年不刈割处理下草地植物禾本科和豆科植物重要值所占比例减少,以退化植物居多的菊科和莎草科植物所占比例增加,在漏割带为10 m处理草地的豆科植物增加;刈割处理5年后,不同刈割制度下植物群落物种多样性指数均有增加,其中漏割带为10 m处理Shannon-Wiener多样性和Simpson优势度指数增加明显。5个刈割处理均匀度指数变化趋势不同,其中G3和G4处理草地的群落均匀度有增加的趋势,分别增加16%和5.8%,G1、G2和CK草地群落均匀度指数下降,其中G1下降最大（下降了1.8%）,其次是CK（下降1.6%）,G2草地下降最少。植物群落物种多样性指数变化分析表明经过5年不同刈割处理,漏割带10 m处理的草地植物群落物种多样性提高。群落物种多样性指数与植物功能群禾本科重要值存在极显著负相关关系,与毛茛科和菊科重要值呈现显著正相关关系。【结论】 长期高频度刈割会导致草原退化,同样对草原长期不利用也会致使草原发生逆行演替;两年一割和漏割带为10 m的连年刈割均可以缓解群落中禾本科等优势植物比例下降,促进毛茛科植物比例增加;经过5年的不同刈割处理,漏割带为10 m的刈割处理植物群落物种多样性有所提高,即对草原进行适度刈割干扰（两年一割和漏割带10 m）有利于草原的可持续发展。  相似文献