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1.
Effect of cyclodextrin diallyl maleate on methane production, ruminal fermentation and microbes in vitro and in vivo 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zeenat Ara LILA Nazimuddin MOHAMMED Noriko TATSUOKA Shuhei KANDA Yuzo KUROKAWA Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(1):15-22
Effects of β‐cyclodextrin diallyl maleate (CD‐M) on methane production, ruminal fermentation and digestibility were studied both in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro study, diluted ruminal fluid (30 mL) was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 and 24 h with or without CD‐M using hay plus concentrate (1.5:1) as a substrate. The CD‐M was added at different concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g/L). The pH of the medium and numbers of protozoa were not affected by the addition of CD‐M. Total volatile fatty acids were increased and ammonia‐N was decreased, molar proportion of acetate was decreased and propionate was increased (P < 0.05) by CD‐M. Methane was inhibited (P < 0.05) by 14–76%. The effect of CD‐M on methane production and ruminal fermentation was further investigated in vivo using four Holstein steers in a cross‐over design. The steers were fed Sudangrass hay and concentrate mixture (1.5:1) with or without CD‐M (2% of feed dry matter) as a supplement. Ruminal proportion of acetate tended to decrease and that of propionate was increased (P < 0.05) 2 h after CD‐M dosing. Total viable counts, cellulolytic, sulfate reducing, acetogenic bacteria and protozoa were unaffected while methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05) by CD‐M. The plasma concentration of glucose was increased, whereas that of urea‐N was decreased (P < 0.05). Methane was inhibited (P < 0.05) from 36.4 to 30.1 L/kg dry matter intake by the addition of CD‐M. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber were not affected while that of crude protein was increased (P < 0.05) in the medicated steers. These data suggested that dietary supplementation of CD‐M decreased methane production and improved nutrient use. 相似文献
2.
Nazimuddin MOHAMMED Zeenat Ara LILA Noriko TATSUOKA Koji HARA Katsuhiko MIKUNI Kozo HARA Shuhei KANDA Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(2):131-137
The effects when adding cyclodextrin‐iodopropane complex (CD‐IP) to a diet, on ruminal fermentation and microbes, digestibility, blood metabolites and methane production, were evaluated using four Holstein steers in a cross‐over design. The steers were fed Sudangrass hay plus concentrate mixture at a ratio 1.5:1, and CD‐IP (1% of dry matter) was given twice daily by mixing with concentrate mixture. Rumen and blood samples were collected at 0, 2, and 5 h after morning dosing. Ruminal pH and numbers of protozoa were unaffected by CD‐IP treatment. Ruminal molar proportion of acetate was decreased (P < 0.05), and propionate was increased (P < 0.01) at 2 h after CD‐IP dosing. Proportion of butyrate was increased (P < 0.05) and ammonia‐N was decreased (P < 0.05) at 2 and 5 h after CD‐IP dosing. Adding CD‐IP had no effect on the feed intake and digestion of nutrients. Plasma glucose was increased and urea‐N was decreased (P < 0.05) at 2 and 5 h after CD‐IP dosing. Methane production was decreased (P < 0.05) by approximately 18% in the treatment steers. Numbers of methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05), while total viable counts, cellulolytic, sulfate reducing and acetogenic bacteria were unaffected. The present results are the first to show that CD‐IP can partially inhibit in vivo ruminal methanogenesis without adverse effects on digestion of nutrients. 相似文献
3.
为了研究Fenton试剂对液相中茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘的降解效果,采用实验室内试验方法,考察并确定了H2O2浓度、FeSO4浓度、反应时间、pH值以及低浓度环糊精等因素对降解的影响。结果表明,使用Fenton试剂可以有效降解液相中的茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘。在降解过程中,对初始浓度为2.5mg·L-1的茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘,当H2O2浓度为20.0mmol·L-1,FeSO4浓度为3.0mmol·L-1时降解较为有效,去除率可达到62.88%,浓度过高或者过低都不利于反应的发生。Fenton氧化降解茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘的反应在60min内可以完成,并且pH值控制在3时更加有利于降解。反应体系中加入低浓度环糊精可以增加茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘在水相中的溶解度,当加入HPCD的浓度为3mg·L-1时,Fenton试剂对茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘的氧化去除率可由62.88%提高至71.24%。 相似文献
4.
莠去津的环糊精包合物对稗草幼苗除草效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以稗草为指示材料,用水培法研究了三嗪类除草剂莠去津的环糊精包合物对稗草幼苗除草活性的影响.试验结果表明:用不同浓度的β-环糊精(β-CD)包合物浸种处理后,能抑制稗草根系发育,达到提高除草效果和缓释的作用.当莠去津与β-CD包合物浓度均为6.5 mg·mL-1时,抑制效果达到最好,对稗草主根长、根鲜重、芽长和芽鲜重的抑... 相似文献
5.
系列洋葱深加工研究及其产业化前景探析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
为了通过洋葱的深加工来充分利用洋葱的生理生化功效,造福于消费者,提高洋葱的附加值,扩大洋葱的产销量,作为系列洋葱深加工,研究开发了洋葱功能性饮料和洋葱醋。对洋葱饮料的功能进行验证,添加1%稳定剂环状糊精,可防止洋葱饮料在储藏和流通中产生沉淀,并有利于保持洋葱的原味。采用硫氰酸盐方法测定其抗氧化作用,表明在40℃培养12d时抗氧化效果顺序为:BHT,BHA,蒜提取浓缩物,洋葱提取浓缩物,但其数据相差较小,表明洋葱提取物具有很强的抗氧化作用。对白鼠的抗疲劳实验结果表明,洋葱提取浓缩物添加量较少时效果不明显,但添加量达到2%(每500g添加10g)时则抗疲劳效果分别提高了57%;利用洋葱饮料代替饮用水喂养白鼠时,其抗疲劳效果最明显,提高了72%。以洋葱汁为原料进行醋酸发酵,较为理想的条件为:温度30℃,初始酸度3.0%,乙醇体积分数为4.0%,营养物添加酵母提取物,MgSO4,K3PO4各0.3%,发酵时间15d。洋葱的总酸度可达6.2%以上,并以此为基础可开发满足不同层次、不同需要的洋葱醋产品。 相似文献
6.
Noriko AJISAKA Nazimuddin MOHAMMED Koji HARA Katsuhiko MIKUNI Kozo HARA Hitoshi HASHIMOTO Takako KUMATA Shuhei KANDA Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):479-484
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate effects of medium‐chain fatty acid‐cyclodextrin (CD) complexes on ruminal methane and volatile fatty acid production, and protozoal activity in vitro. Medium‐chain fatty acid‐CDs used in this study were caprylic acid (C8)‐αCD or ‐βCD, capric acid (C10)‐αCD or ‐βCD, and lauric acid (C12)‐αCD or ‐βCD. A 60‐mL of diluted rumen fluid was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 h with the addition of the complex (10–40 mg as fatty acid). Each of the fatty acid‐CDs reduced the number of protozoa, with the order C10 > C12 > C8, and βCD complexes were more effective than αCD complexes. Molar proportions of acetic acid remained unchanged with the addition of fatty acid‐CD, while that of propionic acid increased, being significant for C8‐αCD and βCD, and C10‐αCD and βCD (P < 0.05). Hydrogen production decreased by about 70% of control with the addition of 40 mg of C8 and C10‐CD, on the other hand, it tended to increase with the addition of C12‐CD in both αCD and βCD. Methane production decreased by about 20% with the addition of 40 mg of complexes, except for C10‐βCD, which significantly reduced methane production by about 60%. In conclusion, the addition of C8 or C10‐CD to ruminant diets may be effective in reducing methane production. 相似文献
7.
以一株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)菌株为材料,发酵生产环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶(CGTase).采用单因素试验考察碳源、氮源、培养温度、初始pH等对酶活力影响,在此基础上设计正交试验优化发酵条件.结果表明,优化的发酵条件为以玉米淀粉作碳源、大豆粉作氮源、pH 6.5、30℃发酵培养36 h,菌株所产CGTase的酶活力可达5 046 U/mL. 相似文献
8.
为评价采用新包被工艺生产的氟苯尼考（受试制剂F）与国外同类产品（R1）、国内同类产品（R2）在猪体内的生物等效性并探索其药代动力学特性,本试验采用随机三制剂、三周期自身交叉试验设计,选取6头健康的阉割小公猪（体重15 kg±2 kg）,分别灌胃给药3种制剂,给药剂量为20 mg/（kg·BW）,采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中氟苯尼考浓度,利用Kinetica 5.0软件分析药代动力学特性,SAS统计软件进行生物等效性评价。结果显示,受试制剂在猪体内的药时曲线符合带时滞的一级吸收一室开放模型,F、R1、R2的峰浓度（Cmax）分别为16.0845、18.3287和21.1678 μg/mL,药物达峰时间（Tmax）分别为5.0、1.9、1.5 h;药-时曲线下面积（0-∞）（AUC0-∞）分别为144.7327、118.2670和123.3715 μg/mL·h;受试制剂相比于两种参比制剂的相对生物利用度分别为122.51%（R1）和117.52%（R2）。结果表明,环糊精包被氟苯尼考有更好的缓释作用,具有更好的生物安全性,药效维持时间长,生物利用度有效提高。 相似文献
9.
几种模拟酶的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
模拟酶是一类利用有机化学方法合成的比天然酶简单的非蛋白分子.对环糊精模拟酶、冠醚化合物的模拟酶、超氧化物歧化酶模拟物等结构特征进行综述,为设计和合成更加简单、稳定的模拟酶提供参考. 相似文献
10.
Viviana Torres Meriem Hamdi Veronica Maillo Rodrigo Urrego Jose Julian Echeverri Albeiro Lpez‐Herrera Alfonso Gutirrez‐Adn Dimitrios Rizos Maria Jesús Snchez‐Calabuig 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(1):55-62
Ascorbic acid (AC) used as antioxidant in embryo culture is very sensitive and degrades unavoidably in aqueous solution. Methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (CD) improved the stability of AC in solution to elevated temperature, light, humidity and oxidation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the complex AC‐CD during in vitro maturation (IVM) or in vitro culture (IVC) on oocyte developmental competence and subsequent embryo development and quality. AC‐CD (100 µM) was added to IVM media, and maturation level and embryo development were examined. Matured oocytes, their cumulus cells and produced blastocysts were snap‐frozen for gene expression analysis by RT‐qPCR. Besides, in vitro‐produced zygotes were cultured with 100 µM of AC‐CD and blastocysts were as well snap‐frozen for gene expression analysis. A group without AC‐CD (control?) and other with CD (control+) were included. No differences were found on maturation, cleavage or blastocyst rates. However, in matured oocytes, AC‐CD downregulated BAX, GPX1 and BMP15. In cumulus cells, AC‐CD downregulated BAX/BCL2 and GSTA4 while upregulated BCL2 and CYP51A1. The expression of SL2A1, FADS1, PNPLA and MTORC1 was downregulated in blastocysts derived from oocytes matured with AC‐CD, while in blastocysts derived from zygote cultured with AC‐CD, CYP51A1 and IGF2R were downregulated and PNPLA2 was upregulated. In conclusion, AC‐CD in both IVM and IVC media may reduce accumulated fat by increasing lipolysis and suppressing lipogenesis in blastocysts derived from both oocytes and zygotes cultured with AC‐CD, suggesting that CD improves the quality of embryos and bioavailability of AC during IVM and IVC. 相似文献