植物化感作用影响因素的再认识   总被引：23，自引：13，他引：23  

黄高宝  柴强  黄鹏 《草业学报》2005,14(2):16-22

土壤养分、酶、微生物、本底特性,根茬还田、水分、植物根系、种植体系和种植模式与化感作用的互作关系,表明这些因子可通过对土壤养分有效性、微生物种群结构、土壤酶活性和化感物质浓度的影响而对化感作用产生直接或间接影响,这些可为通过化感作用途径构建高效农田生态系统提供新的思路.  相似文献   

光质对番茄营养与风味品质的影响     

杨忠武  刘翼  金卓君  徐卫红 《中国农学通报》2020,36(34):134-141

以番茄为试验材料,在田间大棚设施条件下,选用白、蓝、黑、红、绿5种不同颜色的遮阳网,探讨不同光质对番茄营养与风味品质的影响。结果表明,在青熟期,黑色光质促进了总氮、蛋白氮以及非蛋白氮的积累。青熟期到转色期,白色光质的番茄有机酸总量较青熟期增加了4.57倍,蓝色和绿色光质提高了番茄的总糖和还原糖含量。从转色期到成熟期,番茄氨基酸含量大小表现为蓝色>绿色>黑色>红色>白色;黑色光质的番茄有机酸总量较转色期增加了27.8%;红色光质提高了番茄红素含量和Vc含量,降低了硝酸盐含量;白色、红色和绿色光质增加了番茄的总糖和还原糖含量。番茄主要风味物质(>30 μg/kg)为水杨酸甲酯、6-甲基-庚烯-2-酮、柠檬烯、反-2-己烯醛。红光使番茄水杨酸甲酯、6-甲基-庚烯-2-酮和己烯醛含量较白光增加了11.6%、20.2%和17.2%。在大田设施条件下,转色期到成熟期可以采用红色光质提高番茄果实营养品质和风味。  相似文献   

Relevance of Osmotic and Frost Protecting Compounds for the Winter Hardiness of Autumn Sown Sugar Beet          下载免费PDF全文

J. Loel  C. M. Hoffmann 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(4):301-311

The cultivation of autumn sown sugar beet (winter beet) is supposed to result in a marked yield increase compared with spring sown sugar beet. Although the importance of the growth stage reached before winter for the survival of autumn sown sugar beet has already been shown, it is not clear to which extent osmotic and potentially frost protecting compounds may contribute to winter hardiness. The study thus aimed to analyse the acclimatization process of sugar beet to low temperatures and to identify compounds which are important for survival of frost. Field trials with autumn sown sugar beet were conducted at eleven environments in Germany from 2009/10 to 2012/13, which were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with controlled temperature regimes. In the field trials, the survival rates after winter varied from 0 % to 99 %, but only in four environments differences between the five genotypes occurred. During acclimatization, betaine, glutamine, proline and raffinose were markedly accumulated and osmolality was enhanced. In particular betaine, amino acids and osmolality showed a positive correlation to the survival rate and were thus identified as potentially frost protecting substances for sugar beet. In contrast, raffinose and proline seem to act rather as stress indicators as they were negatively related to survival. Possible frost protecting substances were identified which can be used in breeding to improve the winter hardiness of sugar beet.  相似文献   

中草药免疫活性物质对鱼类肠道菌群群落的影响研究进展     

林善婷  郑尧  胡庚东  裘丽萍  邴旭文  陈家长 《安徽农业科学》2017,45(32):94-98

对近年来国内外有关中草药免疫活性物质对鱼类肠道菌群群落结构的影响进行了综述,旨在为开发绿色高效、营养全面的饲料提供科学的理论依据。  相似文献   

Synergistic effects of soil microstructure and bacterial EPS on drying rate in emulated soil micromodels     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been shown to alter soil moisture retention and to improve seedling survival and plant growth at the bulk scale. The mechanisms of EPS-mediated water retention include reversible swelling of the cross-linked polymer matrix and the promotion of an aggregated soil structure. However, the effects of EPS on water retention have never been directly observed at the pore scale. Here, emulated soil micromodels were developed to directly observe the effects of physical, chemical, and biological factors on pore-scale water retention. In this demonstration, a pseudo-2D pore structure was created to represent physical features of a fine sandy loam. Replicate micromodels were initially saturated with suspensions of different soil bacteria, and pore-scale air infiltration was directly imaged over time. External evaporativity was held constant through the use of a custom constant-humidity environmental chamber. Micromodels filled with suspensions of highly mucoid Sinorhizobium meliloti retained moisture about twice as long as physically identical micromodels filled with suspensions of non-mucoid S. meliloti. Relative drying rates in six replicate experiments ranged from 1.1 to 2.5 times slower for mucoid suspensions. Patterns of air infiltration were similar but not identical across replicates. The results suggest that pore fluid EPS and micromodel geometry act together to limit evaporation at pore throats. Advantages of the micromodel approach include direct observation of pore-scale dynamic process, and the ability to systematically replicate complex physical structures. These abilities will enable users to screen benefits from different structures and from microbial compositions, and build predictive understanding of the overall function of microbe-habitat systems.  相似文献   

外源海藻糖对NaHCO3胁迫下甘草幼苗生长调节及总黄酮含量的影响     

柳福智  张迎芳  陈垣 《草业学报》2021,30(7):148-156

本研究以甘草无菌苗为试验材料,采用植物组织培养的方法,分析50 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃ 胁迫下外源海藻糖对甘草幼苗生长量、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化保护酶活性和总黄酮含量的影响。结果表明： 50 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃ 胁迫显著降低了甘草幼苗的生长量、叶绿体色素含量、K⁺ 浓度、抗氧化保护酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性和总黄酮含量,显著提高了丙二醛、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量以及Na⁺浓度;施加15 mmol·L^-1 海藻糖可显著提高甘草幼苗的生长量,提高叶绿素含量、K⁺ 浓度和总黄酮含量,降低丙二酸含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量和Na⁺ 浓度,并且提高抗氧化保护酶活性。因此,NaHCO₃胁迫下施加外源海藻糖对甘草幼苗生长具有良好的调节作用,可以增强甘草的抗碱能力,促进甘草幼苗生长。本研究为外源海藻糖提高甘草耐碱性和揭示其调控机制提供理论依据。  相似文献   

PEG干旱胁迫对3种葱属植物种子萌发期渗透调节物质及酶活性的影响     

秦立刚  李雪  李韦瑶  胡尧  李俊  崔国文 《草地学报》2021,29(1):72-79

为探明东北地区常见野生葱属植物耐旱能力,筛选野生葱属植物耐旱种质资源,本研究以野韭（Allium ramosum L.）、山韭（Allium senescens L.）和蒙古韭（Allium mongolicum Regel）3种葱属植物为材料,采用不同浓度的PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,分析其种子萌发期渗透调节物质及酶活性的影响,并结合主成分分析和隶属函数分析比较抗旱性。结果表明：干旱胁迫下,3种葱属植物种子萌发期相对电导率显著升高（P<0.05）,丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。3种植物相比,山韭相对电导率最低,渗透调节物质积累量最高,酶活性变化明显。主成分分析表明,4种酶活性之间显示出强相关性。隶属函数分析得出3种植物种子的抗旱性由高到低依次为：山韭 > 野韭 > 蒙古韭。  相似文献   

不同枣粉水平对陕北白绒山羊肉呈味物质的影响     

冯平  孙旺斌  张骞  薛瑞林  付琪 《动物营养学报》2021,33(1)

本试验旨在研究不同枣粉水平对陕北白绒山羊肉呈味物质的影响。选取40只6月龄、初始体重为(20.15±1.63)kg的健康陕北白绒山羊,随机分为5组(每组8个重复,每个重复1只羊),分别饲喂含0(对照组)、10%(试验Ⅰ组)、15%(试验Ⅱ组)、20%(试验Ⅲ组)、25%(试验Ⅳ组)枣粉的试验饲粮。预试期10 d,正试期70 d。结果显示:1)试验Ⅲ组的鲜味值显著高于对照组及试验Ⅱ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05),咸味值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)试验Ⅲ组的天冬氨酸(Asp)和丙氨酸(Ala)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),谷氨酸(Glu)含量显著高于对照组及试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。3)随着枣粉水平的提高,肌苷酸(IMP)、肌苷(INO)和次黄嘌呤(HYP)含量逐渐增加,一磷酸腺苷(AMP)含量先增加后降低,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的IMP含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的INO、HYP和AMP含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此得出,枣粉能促进氨基酸和呈味核苷酸在陕北白绒山羊肉中的积累,饲粮中枣粉水平为20%时,羊肉中呈鲜味的游离氨基酸和核苷酸含量较高,滋味最好。  相似文献   

高羊茅腐解物的自毒作用初探     

王晓英 《河南农业科学》2015,(5)

为探明高羊茅草坪逐年退化现象是否与化感作用有关，在室内用生物测定方法测定了高羊茅腐解物对高羊茅自身的化感作用，并探讨了相关的作用机制。结果表明，高羊茅腐解液能抑制高羊茅种子的萌发和幼苗生长，且腐解液质量浓度越大，抑制作用越明显。在腐解液质量浓度为0.06 g/mL时，其对高羊茅种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、苗高、单株鲜质量的抑制率分别达58.64%、81.68%、73.34%、81.63%、37.86%、41.13%、30.43%。随着高羊茅腐解液质量浓度的增加，其幼苗SOD活性先升后降；POD活性与空白对照差异不显著；CAT活性先升后降，在高质量浓度时，与空白对照的差异达到显著水平；膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量持续升高；可溶性蛋白含量下降。可见，高羊茅残体腐解是其草坪逐年退化的原因之一。  相似文献   

Effects of acid extracts of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and carrot (Daucus carota L.)wastes from the food industry on the growth of some crops and weeds     

TOSHISADA SUZUKI  IZUMI USUI  KAORI TOMITA-YOKOTANI  SHINYA KONO  HIROKAZU TSUBURA  YOICHI MIKI  KOJI HASEGAWA 《Weed Biology and Management》2001,1(4):226-230

The effects of acid extracts of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and carrot ( Daucus carota L.) juice wastes from the food industry on the growth of five species of crops and four weeds were examined. The acid extract of the tomato juice waste promoted the shoot and root growth of tomato, Chinese cabbage, corn, and radish, but not the growth of oat seedlings. The extract did not promote the shoot growth of weeds tested, and it inhibited the root growth of the weeds that included barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa oryzicola Ohwi), southern crabgrass ( Digitaria ciliaris Koel.) and Japanese barnyard millet ( Echinochloa utilis Ohwi). The carrot juice waste was also examined as another waste from the food industry. The effect of the acid extract of carrot juice waste showed significant promoting effects on the root growth of Chinese cabbage; however, the effects on other plants were lower than that of tomato juice waste. It also did not inhibit the growth of weeds. These results suggested that the acid extract from tomato juice waste is useful as plant-growth substances because they have a promoting effect on the shoot and root growth of crops, and an inhibitory effect on the root growth of some weeds.  相似文献