交换性阳离子对磷灰石中磷和钙释放的影响     

王光大 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1995,(1)

研究了以Ｌｉ~＋、Ｎａ~＋、Ｋ~＋、ＮＨ~＋_４等一价阳离子取代磷灰石表面交换性二价阳离子对磷灰石中磷和钙释放的影响，并就可能涉及的机理进行了探讨．  相似文献   

电机护环钢在硝酸盐溶液中应力腐蚀开裂的控制过程研究     

靳九成  李建明 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,20(6)

本文在文献［１］基础上，运用金相，电化学方法研究了５０Ｍｎ１８Ｃｒ４电机护环钢依照ＱＨＪ－７９试验标准在硝酸盐介质中应力腐蚀开裂（即ＳＣＣ）的性质，结果指出，此体系中ＳＣＣ的控制过程为阳极溶解。  相似文献   

抗球虫药新剂型的制备与研究     

底佳芳  徐恩娟  聂月美  陈贵才 《饲料工业》2012,33(6):35-37

采用固体分散技术,利用溶剂法,以处方比例马度米星铵:聚维酮(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,PVPk30)分别为1:1、1:2、1:3制备了3个马度米星铵固体分散体,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析鉴定,当马度米星铵与PVP k30的比例为1:3时马度米星铵的药物特征吸热峰消失,说明固体分散体制备成功。对药物进行体外累积溶出度研究,结果马度米星铵固体分散体在60 min内体外累积溶出度可达98.46%,比马度米星铵预混剂的2.57%提高了38倍多。抗球虫效果研究表明,马度米星铵固体分散体的抗球虫指数(ACI)为197.7,明显高于ACI为191.8的马度米星铵预混剂。  相似文献   

添加螯合剂对磷酸二铵溶解、固定及转化的影响     

董泽宽  张水勤  李燕婷  高强  赵秉强  袁亮 《中国农业科学》2022,55(21):4225-4236

【目的】促进磷肥溶解、减少磷素固定是提高磷肥利用率的重要途径。本研究通过向磷酸二铵中添加羟基乙叉二膦酸和葡萄糖酸钠制备磷肥试验产品,研究其溶解和防固定性能及磷素肥际转化特征,为磷肥高效利用提供依据。【方法】选择羟基乙叉二膦酸（HEDP）和葡萄糖酸钠（SG）两种螯合剂,分别按0、0.5%、1%、3%、5%的添加比例与粉状磷酸二铵混匀并挤压造粒,制备出普通磷酸二铵（P）、HEDP_0.5%+P、HEDP_1%+P、HEDP_3%+P、HEDP_5%+P、SG_0.5%+P、SG_1%+P、SG_3%+P和SG_5%+P等9种颗粒磷酸二铵试验产品。分别采用水溶出率法和CaCl₂沉淀法分析比较不同磷酸二铵试验产品的水溶性磷的溶解速率和固定率,并利用土壤培养法研究其肥际移动和转化特征。【结果】（1）添加HEDP和SG的磷酸二铵平均溶解速率较普通磷酸二铵分别提高27.7%和20.0%;HEDP和SG在5%和0.5%添加量时溶解速率最高,分别达5.1%·min^-1和4.8%·min^-1,溶解15 min的溶出率分别为76.6%和72.6%,较普通磷酸二铵提高39.2%和32.6%。（2）添加HEDP和SG,磷酸二铵中水溶性磷固定率分别降低10.3%和6.6%,与普通磷酸二铵相比,HEDP和SG添加量分别为5%和3%时水溶性磷固定率最低,分别为58.1%和61.3%,较普通磷酸二铵降低17.0%和11.8%。（3）HEDP+P和SG+P处理肥际土壤有效磷含量较普通磷酸二铵分别显著提高39.5%和21.2%,以HEDP+P肥际土壤有效磷含量更高。HEDP和SG添加量均在3%时肥际微域有效磷含量最高,分别为2.9和2.5 g·kg^-1,较普通磷酸二铵提高53.3%和31.9%。（4）HEDP+P和SG+P处理肥际微域Ca₂-P含量较普通磷酸二铵分别提高38.2%和43.0%,均在螯合剂添加量为3%时最高;在施肥层上下5 mm肥际微域范围内,HEDP+P和SG+P的处理Ca₈-P含量较P处理分别降低33.6%和14.5%,HEDP和SG添加量分别在0.5%和3%时肥际微域Ca₈-P含量最低,分别为0.9和1.5 g·kg^-1,较P处理分别降低53.4%和25.8%。（5）肥际微域中有效磷和Ca₂-P含量与磷肥的溶解速率显著正相关,与水溶性磷固定率显著负相关（P<0.01）。【结论】添加羟基乙叉二膦酸和葡萄糖酸钠均可促进磷酸二铵溶解,有效减少磷素固定,其中羟基乙叉二膦酸的助溶解及防固定效果更好,且当其添加量为3%时能更显著地提高肥际土壤有效磷含量,并减少Ca₂-P向Ca₈-P的转化。  相似文献   

Possible influence of termites (Macrotermes bellicosus) on forms and composition of free sesquioxides in tropical soils     

Susumu S. Abe  Toshiyuki Wakatsuki 《Pedobiologia》2010,53(5):301-306

There has been less concern about soil mineralogical alteration than about soil physical, chemical and biological changes induced by termite nest-building activity. Furthermore, much less attention has been paid to free sesquioxides than to phyllosilicate minerals. In the present study, we conducted field morphological observations and selective dissolution analysis to characterize free sesquioxides in termite (Macrotermes bellicosus) mounds as compared with surrounding pedons in different toposequence positions, i.e., seasonally flooded valley bottom, hydromorphic fringe and well-drained upland sites. Distinctive redoximorphic features, such as surface yellowish layers on mound structures from the fringe site, indicate possible alteration of iron sesquioxide forms in the mounds due to the transportation of soil from reductive (aquic subsoil) to oxidative (epigeal mound) environments by the nest-building activity of M. bellicosus. On the other hand, the iron-soluble content in the dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) system (Fe_d) was generally higher in the mound structures than at the adjacent sub-surface (Ap2) horizon at each toposequence position, while there was less difference in the content of acid ammonium oxalate (AAO) extractable iron (Fe_o) as compared to Fe_d. As a consequence, the iron activity index (Fe_d/Fe_o ratio) was found for the most part to be lower in the mound structures than in the neighboring Ap2 horizon. In addition, the content of Fe_d, AAO-soluble Al (Al_o) and DCB-extractable Al (Al_d) was significantly correlated with clay content in these soils. These findings suggest that M. bellicosus preferentially collects clay particles, probably from the clay-rich subsoils, such as the argillic horizon, which has been formed by the co-migration of phyllosilicate minerals and relatively crystalline sesquioxides. The species then likely incorporates them into the mounds, which induces an increase in the Fe_d content relative to that of Fe_o, resulting in a decreased iron activity index in the mound structures.  相似文献   

低分子量有机酸对促进可变电荷土壤中铝溶解的影响   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

LI Jiu-Yu  XU Ren-Kou  JI Guo-Liang 《土壤圈》2005,15(4):484-490

Low-molecular-weight （LMW） organic acids exist widely in soils and play an important role in soil processes such as mineral weathering, nutrient mobilization and A1 detoxification. In this research, a batch experiment was conducted to examine the effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of aluminum in two variably charged soils, an Ultisol and an Oxisol. The results showed that the LMW organic acids enhanced the dissolution of A1 in the two investigated soils in the following order： citric 〉 oxalic 〉 malonic 〉 malic 〉 tartaric 〉 salicylic 〉 lactic 〉 maleic. This was generally in agreement with the magnitude of the stability constants for the Al-organic complexes. The effects of LMW organic acids on Al dissolution were greater in the Ultisol than in the Oxisol as compared to their controls. Also, the accelerating effects of citric and oxalic acids on dissolution of A1 increased with an increase in pH, while the effects of lactic and salicylic acids decreased. Additionally, when the organic acid concentration was less than 0.2 mmol L-I, the dissolution of A1 changed Iittle with increase in acid concentration. However, when the organic acid concentration was greater than 0.2 mmol L^-1,the dissolution of A1 increased with increase in acid concentration. In addition to the acid first dissociation constant and stability constant of Al-organic complexes, the promoting effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of A1 were also related to their sorption-desorption equilibrium in the soils.  相似文献   

不同浸提条件对包膜控/缓释肥水中溶出率的影响   总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11  

杜建军  王新爱  廖宗文  田吉林  陈静虹 《植物营养与肥料学报》2005,11(1):71-78

以几种不同包膜材料控／缓释肥为供试肥料,研究不同肥(养分)水比、浸提方式(连续浸提和更换浸提液)、温度和pH条件对控／缓释肥水中溶出率的影响。结果表明,浸提液中肥料浓度是影响养分释放的重要因素,加大肥水比、更换浸提液可以显著减小这种影响。升高温度,有机和无机材料包膜控／缓释肥水中溶出率均显著加快。肥料类型、肥水比对浸提液的pH都有显著影响,但在连续浸提和更换浸提液方式下,7d内浸提液的pH有着不同的变化趋势。控／缓释肥在pH.5的磷酸盐缓冲液中的溶出率显著高于在pH.7的磷酸盐缓冲液中的溶出率。因此,对于不同包膜材料控／缓释肥以一定pH值的微酸性缓冲溶液作为浸提剂,定期更换浸提液或采用动态流法,相同的氮(或磷、钾)水比,30℃左右的浸提条件是较为合理的。  相似文献   

柠檬酸对高岭石中铝、硅释放的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

胡华锋  王兴祥  介晓磊  李清曼 《华南农业大学学报》2007,28(2):9-12

采用间歇法(batch method)模拟研究柠檬酸对水淋洗下高岭石铝、硅释放的影响.结果表明:柠檬酸能显著促进高岭石Al和Si的释放,且Al、Si的释放能力随柠檬酸浓度的增加而增强;高岭石溶解同步性与柠檬酸浓度有关,随着柠檬酸浓度的提高,其溶解的同步性增强,且反应前期高岭石都表现为Al的优先释放,而在反应后期Al、Si趋于同步释放.柠檬酸对高岭石的溶解速率一般较无机酸高1个数量级左右,且其溶解速率表现出对柠檬酸浓度的饱合性.  相似文献   

柠檬酸对酸沉降下高岭石的溶解作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡华锋  王兴祥  介晓磊  李清曼 《江西农业大学学报》2007,29(5):846-850

采用间歇法(batch method)模拟研究酸沉降下的高岭石在柠檬酸溶液中的长期溶解效应。研究表明:柠檬酸能显著促进高岭石Al和Si的释放,且Al、Si的释放能力随柠檬酸浓度的增加而增强;高岭石溶解同步性与柠檬酸浓度有关,随着柠檬酸浓度的提高,其溶解的同步性增强,且反应前期高岭石都表现为Al的优先释放,而在反应后期Al、Si趋于同步释放。柠檬酸对高岭石的溶解速率一般较无机酸高1个数量级左右,且其溶解速率表现出对柠檬酸浓度的饱和性。  相似文献   

有机磁化复合肥中氮的溶出特性研究     

方卢秋  李晓燕  郝步珍 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,18(4):404-407

 有机磁化复合肥是利用城市生活垃圾和粉煤灰,根据土壤养分特性及植物营养规律,配以所需的无机营养肥料,经工艺生产及磁化处理而成。笔者研究了柠檬酸用量、温度、振荡时间、静置时间对有机磁化复合肥中氮溶出特性的影响。结果表明:有机磁化复合肥显酸性;柠檬酸引起的溶液pH值变化对氮的溶出影响不大;氮的溶出主要受温度和静置时间的影响,随温度和静置时间的增加而增加,氮的溶出具有缓释性;柠檬酸和振荡对氮的溶出组分中的铵态氮有较大的影响,说明有机磁化复合肥具有一定速效性。  相似文献