反相高效液相色谱法测定黄瓜和梨中阿维菌素B1a残留   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张红艳  王玉红  赵玉珍  王成菊  李学锋  邱立红 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(3):1085-1087

利用反相高效液相色谱法研究建立了蔬菜（黄瓜）与水果（梨）中阿维菌素残留量的测定方法。样品采用甲醇提取，二氯甲烷萃取，经弗罗里硅土柱净化，最后用甲醇定容。色谱柱为C18不锈钢柱（25cm×4.6mm，10μm），流动相甲醇＋水=90＋10（V＋V），流速为1.0mL·min^-1，检测波长为245nm，采用外标峰面积进行定量。结果表明，阿维菌素在0.05～5.00mg·L^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=1.0000），方法的添加回收率范围为82.99%～92.23%，变异系数为2.31%～4.15%，最小检出浓度为0.001mg·kg^-1，能够满足对该农药在黄瓜和梨中残留分析的要求。  相似文献   

阿维菌素对黄鳝及棘头虫的毒性影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨代勤  阮国良  刘家芳  苏应兵 《湖北农业科学》2009,48(8)

采用常温静水试验法和体外杀虫试验法分别进行阿维菌素对黄鳝(Monopterus albus)和黄鳝体内棘头虫的急性毒性试验.结果表明,阿维菌素对黄鳝的24、48 h的丰致死浓度(95%可信区间)分别为0.091 4 mg·L-1(0.079 9-0.104 6 mg·L-1)和0.074 5 mg·L-1(0.0655～0.084 8 mg·L-1),96 h 半致死浓度(95%可信区间)为0.067 8mg·L-1(0.059 8～0.0770mg·L-1),安全浓度(Sc)为0.006 8mg·L-1.阿维菌素对棘头虫24、48 h的半致死浓度(95%可信区间)分别为0.053 9mg·L-1(0.0474～0.061 3mg·L-1)、0.045 2mg·L-1(0.040 7～0.052 6 mg·L-1),96 h半致死浓度(95%可信区间)为0.041 1 mg·L-1(0.036 2～0.046 7 mg·L-1),安全浓度(Sc)为0.004 1 mg·L-1.在养殖黄鳝过程中防治棘头虫时,阿维菌素的使用浓度可以选择在0.053 9～0.067 8mg·L-1范围内.  相似文献   

寄主种类和阿维菌素对小菜蛾产卵选择行为的影响     

闫喜中  孙学俊  邓彩萍  张晓飞  郝赤 《福建农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,(3):241-244

通过田间笼罩试验,研究了小菜蛾对7种十字花科蔬菜的产卵选择性,以及喷施阿维菌素对小菜蛾产卵选择行为的影响．结果发现,其选择顺序为小白菜〉油菜〉芥菜〉萝卜〉菜心〉甘蓝〉花椰菜;喷施阿维菌素之后,小菜蛾对寄主的产卵选择性发生了变化,其在尽可能的躲避杀虫剂后才选择喜好的寄主植物．可见,寄主种类和阿维菌素共同影响小菜蛾的产卵选择行为．  相似文献   

Possible Anxiolytic Effects of Ivermectin in Rats     

Spinosa Hde S  Stilck SR  Bernardi MM 《Veterinary research communications》2002,26(4):309-321

Ivermectin, a mixture of 22,23-dihydroavermectin B_1a (80%) and B_1b (20%), is produced by Streptomyces avermectilis, an actinomycete. It is a macrocyclic lactone disaccharide, a member of the avermectin family, and is used as an antiparasitic drug. Previous studies performed in our laboratory showed that doramectin, another avermectin drug, interferes with GABAergic-related behaviours, leading to anxiety and seizures. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of ivermectin (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) on the central nervous system of rats, using behavioural models related to GABAergic neurotransmission. A known anxiolytic drug, diazepam, was used as a positive control. Open field and elevated plus-maze behaviours, as well as conflict behaviour to a conditioned response, were assessed. The effects of ivermectin and diazepam in reversing the anxiety induced by picrotoxin was studied. The protective effects of ivermectin on pentylenetetrazole- and picrotoxin-induced seizures were also investigated. In the open field, 1.0 mg/kg ivermectin decreased locomotion frequency at 15 and 60 min of observation, rearing behaviour showed a biphasic effect at 15 and 30 min and duration of immobility was increased in all sessions after 1.0 mg/kg ivermectin. These data suggest anxiolytic or sedative effects. Ivermectin and diazepam both had a tendency to cause an increase both in the number of entries into the open arms and on the time spent in the open arms of an elevated plus-maze. Picrotoxin on its own reduced the number of entries as well as the time spent in the open arms. Both diazepam and ivermectin reversed these effects of picrotoxin. In conflict behaviour analysis, ivermectin and diazepam gave the classic effect of an anxiolytic drug, reversing the conditioned response to shock. Ivermectin protected rats from the convulsant effects of pentylenetetrazole but not from those of picrotoxin. Thus, ivermectin had the pharmacological profile of an anxiolytic drug with GABAergic properties. The lack of effect on seizures induced by picrotoxin suggests that the action of ivermectin is different from that of the benzodiazepine drugs.  相似文献   

油菜素内酯促进芹菜中阿维菌素和辛硫磷残留降解效果研究     

王紫娟  李森  秦潮  白宇仁  郑少文 《核农学报》2022,36(4):856-863

为探讨油菜素内酯(BR)促进芹菜中阿维菌素和辛硫磷残留的降解效果,以芹菜为试验材料,采用QuEChERS法结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术,研究了阿维菌素和辛硫磷在芹菜上自然降解及油菜素内酯对其降解的影响。结果表明,喷施1.8%阿维菌素乳油,芹菜的安全采收期为21 d,半衰期为6.60 d;喷施40%辛硫磷乳油,芹菜的安全采收期为14 d,半衰期为3.04 d。BR能够有效促进阿维菌素和辛硫磷的降解,降解效果优于自然降解,且以0.1 mg·L^-1BR为最适喷施浓度,2次为最适喷施次数。阿维菌素在最适浓度0.1 mg·L^-1BR处理1次条件下半衰期为4.03 d,安全采收期为14 d,较自然降解提早7 d;最适2次BR处理下半衰期为2.11 d,安全采收期为7 d,较自然降解提早14 d。辛硫磷在最适浓度0.1 mg·L^-1 BR处理1次条件下半衰期为1.83 d,安全采收期为7 d,较自然降解提早7 d;最适2次BR处理下半衰期为1.05 d,安全采收期为7 d,较自然降解提早7 d。最佳喷施条件下,BR对辛硫磷的降解效果优于阿维菌素的降解效果。本研究可为芹菜产品农药残留水平安全控制提供科学依据,为蔬菜产品农药残留降解研究提供参考。  相似文献   

山东省植物根结线虫鉴定、危害植物种类及药剂敏感性检测   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

程永  高德良  苗建强  刘峰 《植物保护学报》2011,38(5):461-465

调查了山东省根结线虫的危害植物种类,以危害较重的4个不同用药水平地区的蔬菜根结线虫为研究对象,进行了形态学和酯酶同工酶谱鉴定,采用室内接触法和室内盆栽试验测定和比较了不同种群2龄幼虫对阿维菌素和辛硫磷的敏感性,并比较了保护酶的差异。山东省保护地蔬菜根结线虫为南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita,其危害的植物有51种,占调查总数的66.2%。2龄幼虫对阿维菌素的敏感性差异倍数为0.97～1.23、对辛硫磷为0.94～1.10,无显著性差异,其总体趋势为用药历史越长、用药量越多,药剂的敏感性越低;雌虫体内的可溶性蛋白存在细微差异,而POD和SOD同工酶谱带无显著差异。  相似文献   

Controlled release of avermectin from porous hollow silica nanoparticles   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wen LX  Li ZZ  Zou HK  Liu AQ  Chen JF 《Pest management science》2005,61(6):583-590

Porous hollow silica nanoparticles (PHSNs) with a diameter of ca 100 nm and a pore size of ca 4.5 nm were synthesized via a sol-gel route using inorganic calcium carbonate nanoparticles as templates. The synthesized PHSNs were subsequently employed as pesticide carriers to study the controlled release behaviour of avermectin. The avermectin-loaded PHSN (Av-PHSN) samples were characterized by BET, thermogravimetric analysis and IR, showing that the amount of avermectin encapsulated in the PHSN carrier could reach 58.3% w/w by a simple immersion loading method, and that most of the adsorption of avermectin on the Av-PHSN carrier might be physical. Avermectin may be loaded on the external surface, the pore channels in the wall and the inner core of the PHSN carriers, thus leading to a multi-stage sustained-release pattern from the Av-PHSN samples. Increasing pH or temperature intensified the avermectin release.  相似文献   

Sub‐lethal effects of abamectin suppressing colonies of the leaf‐cutting ant Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus     

Eduardo C Antunes  Raul Narciso C Guedes  Terezinha Maria C Della Lucia  Jos E Serro 《Pest management science》2000,56(12):1059-1064

An assessment of the sub‐lethal effects of abamectin on queens of the leaf‐cutting ant Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) was carried out. A concentration‐response bioassay was conducted by exposing media workers (head capsule width ranging from 1.69 to 1.83 mm) to filter paper impregnated with abamectin residue. This bioassay allowed selection of the abamectin concentrations (0, 10, 50 and 100 mg AI ml⁻¹) to be used in the experiment in which eight queens were exposed to the insecticide. The highest concentration killed queens, but those exposed to lower concentrations survived and were placed back in their nests. Reductions in leaf consumption, fungus garden volume, and foraging activity were observed in colonies whose queens were exposed to higher abamectin concentration (50 mg AI ml⁻¹). Colonies with queens exposed to 50 mg AI ml⁻¹ were suppressed after 11 weeks. The dissection of queen ovaries revealed a marked decrease in the number of ovarioles per ovary and oocytes per ovariole with increased insecticide concentration. It would appear that, as abamectin‐exposed queens became reproductively impaired, producing little or no progeny, colony members were not replaced and this led to colony suppression. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

阿维菌素对修长蠊螨的亚致死效应以及不同方式释放该螨对根结线虫的防控效果          下载免费PDF全文

李曼  王文朝  徐春玲  杨思华  陈淳  谢辉 《中国生物防治学报》2018,34(6):818-824

本研究测定了阿维菌素对修长蠊螨的亚致死浓度及其对修长蠊螨生存、繁殖发育和捕食能力的影响,并通过盆栽试验研究了以不同方式释放修长蠊螨对空心菜根结线虫病的控制效果。阿维菌素对修长蠊螨的3个亚致死浓度LC₅₀、LC₃₀和LC₁₀分别是2%的阿维菌素稀释2082倍、3760倍和8831倍。这3个亚致死剂量的阿维菌素均使修长蠊螨的生存能力、总产卵量和捕食线虫能力显著下降。修长蠊螨被LC₅₀、LC₃₀和LC₁₀ 3个亚致死浓度药液处理后,从幼螨发育至成螨时的存活率分别为对照的32.00%、46.00%和72.00%;总产卵量分别是对照的6.23%、17.58%和34.24%;处理2 d后的捕食线虫能力分别是对照的34.70%、53.06%和62.59%;但对卵的孵化率无显著影响。修长蠊螨控缓速释放和直接释放均能减少空心菜根系的根结数量和根结线虫卵囊数量,有效控制空心菜根结线虫的发生。各项防治处理30 d后,修长蠊螨直接释放处理、控缓速释放处理、修长蠊螨和阿维菌素联合施用处理以及仅施用阿维菌素处理的空心菜根际根结数量和线虫卵囊数量,分别比未防治对照处理减少28.97%和64.38%、49.97%和74.43%、81.92%和92.24%以及80.15%和92.69%。所以修长蠊螨控缓速释放的控制效果显著好于直接释放,但是修长蠊螨与阿维菌素联合施用不能提高防效。  相似文献   

橘小实蝇谷氨酸脱羧酶的生化及分子特性     

魏冬  王涛  豆威  王进军 《中国农业科学》2014,47(16):3184-3194

【目的】在测定橘小实蝇（Bactrocera dorsalis）γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）含量和谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）活性的基础上,克隆获得橘小实蝇GAD基因（BdGAD1）全长序列,进一步解析GABA、GAD以及BdGAD1在橘小实蝇各发育阶段、成虫不同体段以及经阿维菌素刺激后的表达模式,分析橘小实蝇GAD对阿维菌素作用的应激反应,为系统解析GABA介导的阿维菌素抗药性机制提供基础数据。【方法】采用高效液相色谱法测定橘小实蝇体内GABA含量,分析阿维菌素刺激对GABA含量的剂量和时间效应;以谷氨酸为底物,采用微量滴度酶标板法测定橘小实蝇经阿维菌素刺激后GAD活力的变化;通过同源序列比对的方法,从橘小实蝇转录组数据中筛选出1条GAD基因片段,利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术（RACE）获得该基因的全长cDNA序列;应用生物信息学分析软件对该基因的开放阅读框、编码的氨基酸序列、分子量等信息进行预测,并基于最大似然法构建该基因与其他昆虫相关基因序列的系统发育树,明确其系统进化关系。此外,分别提取橘小实蝇各发育阶段和成虫不同体段的RNA,以表达稳定的α-Tubulin为内参基因,应用qPCR技术,解析BdGAD1在橘小实蝇各发育阶段（卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫）和成虫不同体段（头、胸、腹）以及经阿维菌素刺激后的表达模式。【结果】经阿维菌素刺激后,橘小实蝇体内GABA含量升高,且与阿维菌素剂量及处理时间呈正相关,暗示橘小实蝇可能通过调节GABA含量以抵御阿维菌素的毒害。同时,橘小实蝇体内GAD的比活力也随药剂剂量增加而升高。通过RACE扩增,获得了橘小实蝇BdGAD1的cDNA全序列,长度1 755 bp,开放阅读框1 197 bp,编码398个氨基酸,GenBank登录号为KC763804。基于最大似然法构建的系统发育树显示,该基因编码的蛋白质与冈比亚按蚊的GAD亲缘关系最近,序列一致性高达97%。qPCR分析结果表明,BdGAD1在幼虫期表达量最高,不同体段间相比较发现该基因在成虫腹部的表达量最高。经阿维菌素刺激后,BdGAD1表达水平上调。【结论】BdGAD1的表达具有发育阶段和体段特异性。阿维菌素能够刺激橘小实蝇体内BdGAD1表达水平上升,进而引起GAD活力增加促使虫体合成产生大量的GABA,这可能是橘小实蝇抵御阿维菌素毒害甚至产生抗药性的原因。  相似文献