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Exergy as an ecological application used in the recovery process of benthic communities     

Feijun ZHANG  Chunfu TONG  Zhifa XIE  Jianjian LU 《Integrative zoology》2007,2(1):1-9

Exergy, the thermodynamic function that represents the distance of an open system from equilibrium, is proposed as an ecological indicator for summarizing the complex dynamics occurring in a disturbed community during its recovery processes. These complex dynamics can be difficult to capture by using classical indices. In this study, we sampled macrobenthos using the BACI scheme (before versus after; control versus impact) in tidal wetlands of west Chongming Island, China, an area that has been disturbed by ecological engineering measures. Exergy storage is estimated for benthic communities. The control area is proposed as dynamic reference for estimating local exergy storage of the benthic community. Three different methods were used for estimating exergy on the basis of coefficients: (a) taken for taxa groups; (b) estimated from coding genes given for broad taxonomic groups; and (c) estimated from genome size taken as close as possible to the taxonomic level of the species, providing a basis for inferring similarities. We found a decrease of local exergy content in the disturbed area 9 days after the disturbance. Subsequently, the reference exergy of the benthic community increased (i.e. in the surrounding control area) in accordance with the proposed hypothesis regarding the dynamics of exergy storage during a system's development. Estimates of local exergy arrived at using the three methods provided comparable results. Based on this, we then discuss the feasibility of using the more readily available genome size data for estimating exergy. This result may have important implications for broader application of this indicator to biological systems. Moreover, the adjacent control samples seem to represent an appropriate dynamic reference for estimating the local exergy of disturbed communities. We found that exergy was a useful indicator that integrates the processes underlying the recovery of the benthic community after disturbance.  相似文献   

广东东莞松木山水库鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系     

袁晨  裴瑞华  郑梓瑶  吴鹏举  黄娜  李一帆  胡忠军 《上海海洋大学学报》2022,31(4):940-949

为探讨广东东莞松木山水库鱼类群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,分析其结构特征在沉浮网间的差异性,在该水库设置3个采样点采用多网目刺网对鱼类进行了调查。结果显示,共采集到鱼类17种,隶属4目、6科,物种数以鲤形目为主（占58.82%）。相对重要性指数（IRI）显示,优势种为海南似鱎（IRI占比29.66%）、?（18.98%）、尼罗非鲫（18.46%）、鲢（14.85%）和莫桑比克非鲫（11.36%）,其中单位努力捕捞数量（NPUE）以海南似鱎（45.72%）占优、单位努力捕捞重量（BPUE）以尼罗非鲫（34.60%）为主。聚类分析表明,鱼类物种组成在季节间无显著差异,物种数、NPUE和BPUE亦无季节变化（P>0.05）。鱼类群落物种数、NPUE和BPUE沉浮网间无显著差异（P>0.05）,但鱼类数量组成沉浮网间存在显著差异（P<0.001）,与海南似鱎有关,其NPUE浮网显著高于沉网（P<0.05）,其他5种主要鱼类沉浮网间无显著差异（P>0.05）。透明度、pH和总磷是影响鱼类物种数量时空分布的关键环境因子。研究表明,松木山水库鱼类多样性低,可能与水面积较小、连通性低、外来种入侵及入库河道以人工排渠为主有关,为科学合理评估鱼类数量组成建议水库鱼类调查需要同时使用沉浮网。  相似文献   

中国淡水硅藻新记录——冈瓦纳舟形藻     

汪妮  蔡梅  王元元  丁改变  孙尚省  张玮 《上海海洋大学学报》2022,31(5):1041-1047

2021年,在对福建省莆田市东圳水库进行藻类多样性调查过程中,发现了中国淡水硅藻的一个新记录种———冈瓦纳舟形藻(Navicula gondwana Lange-Bertalot)。该种在澳大利亚首次被报道,但原文提供的超微结构特征有限,亦未提供内壳面电镜图。使用光镜和扫描电镜对采集自福建的冈瓦纳舟形藻种群的形态特征,进行了详细观察及描述,并将其与模式种,以及其他相似种的形态特征,进行了比较。结果表明：(1)壳面整体呈狭披针形,壳面末端钝圆锥形;(2)壳缝简单,直线状,近缝端略微膨大,稍偏向壳体一侧,远缝端延伸成强烈的弯钩状,两末端的壳缝弯向一侧,且与近缝端偏斜方向一致;(3)中轴区窄,线形,中央区相对较大,呈不规则圆形;(4)壳面横线纹由单列的短线形孔纹组成,在中部呈辐射状排列,两端聚束状排列,10 μm内有11~14条。研究结果与冈瓦纳舟形藻模式产地种群的形态、线纹等特征吻合,该物种在中国是首次报道。  相似文献   

张掖黑河湿地附植硅藻群落初步研究 ——以张掖国家湿地公园为例     

杨宋琪  杨江山  陈成  祖廷勋  罗光宏 《水生态学杂志》2020,41(3):77-84

研究张掖国家湿地公园附植硅藻群落现状,为保护寒、旱区湿地水生植物与生物多样性提供理论依据。2017年夏、秋从张掖国家湿地公园浅水湖泊采集12种常见水生植物,采集植物上附植硅藻,并在水质富营养化评价的基础上进一步分析硅藻的种类分布、优势种、多样性和聚类性。结果表明,张掖国家湿地公园水体轻度富营养化;共检出附植硅藻39属158种(含变种),其中舟形藻属种类最多(18种),其次为菱形藻属(16种)、桥弯藻属(15种)和脆杆藻属(13种);Achnanthedium minutissimum为分布最为广泛的优势种,其次为Ulnaria acus和Encyonopsis subcryptocephala;Shannon-Weaver多样性指数在1.41～3.13,Pielou均匀度指数在0.58～1.07,均是秋季显著高于夏季(P0.05,t-test);Cody指数与聚类分析表明,在同一时期内附植硅藻种类组成的相似程度和优势种分布对部分宿主植物的选择趋于一致,但也有部分宿主植物之间附植硅藻群落结构仍然存在较大差异。  相似文献   

Settling and raising postlarval abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta (Lischke) on microparticulate diets embedded in a layer of alginate     

Adrian Stott  Toshio Takeuchi  Yasuyuki Koike  & Osamu Imada 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(7):561-567

Two 21 day experiments were conducted to determine whether microparticulate diets could be used to substitute for diatoms for raising (Experiment 1) as well as settling and on‐growing (Experiment 2) Haliotis diversicolor supertexta postlarvae. The experiments were conducted in 10 L flow‐through tanks and each diet had three replicate tanks. In experiment 1, three experimental microparticulate diets supplied by a commercial feed company, labelled SF‐15, SF‐15 (T) and JFY‐13–1, were used, and in experiment 2, SF‐15 and SF‐15 (T). Artificial diets were compared to diatoms in terms of supporting growth and survival. The survival rate for experiment 1 was lowest for JFY‐13–1 (0%) and highest for diatoms (12.9±0.8%). The final size of postlarvae fed SF‐15 and SF‐15 (T) was significantly greater than that of postlarvae fed diatoms, 973±193 μm and 996±220 μm compared to 786±141 μm. In experiment 2, a total number of 501 larvae settled onto plates covered with SF‐15, 254 on SF‐15 (T) and 1085 on diatoms. The highest survival rate was 33.1±6.9% for SF‐15 and the lowest was 17.3±5.0% for diatoms. However, the final length of postlarvae fed diatoms was significantly greater than SF‐15 and SF‐15 (T); 1018±379 μm compared to 728±89 μm and 717±90 μm. The artificial micro diets used in this study were comparable to diatoms in terms of grow and survival of postlarval H. diversicolor supertexta.  相似文献   

剑湖大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性     

宁鹏飞  丁煌英  张庆  李明会 《西南林业大学学报》2014,(2):49-54

在剑湖选择11个采样点,于2011年1月、4月、6月和10月按季度4次对大型底栖动物进行采样调查,共发现大型底栖动物52种,主要为软体动物、水生昆虫和环节动物种类。大型底栖动物的密度和生物量时空分布差异明显,密度表现为冬季＞春季＞夏季＞秋季;生物量表现为夏季＞春季＞秋季＞冬季。各采样点全年密度为16～23840个/m2,最高密度出现在采样点A左,最低密度则在采样点E右;生物量全年为1.68～2343.47 g/m2,以采样点D最高,采样点I最低。Margalef丰富度指数全年为0.10～2.75,最高值出现在秋季,最低值出现在夏季;Shannon -Wiener 指数、Simpson生物指数和Pielou均匀度指数全年分别为0.09～1.09、0.03～0.65和0.03～1.43,最高值均出现在夏季,最低值均出现在冬季。  相似文献   

Effect of dietary defatted diatom biomass on egg production and quality of laying hens     

Xiangjun Leng  Kun-Nan Hsu  Richard EAustic  Xin genLei 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,(3):318-324

Background： This study was to determine if feeding laying hens with defatted diatom microalgal biomass （DFA） from biofuel production affected their egg production and health status. Methods： Five replicates of 5 individually caged ISA Babcock White leghorn hens were fed 4 diets, including a corn-soybean meal control diet, a diet containing 7.5% DFA substituting for soybean meal, and diets containing 7.5% or 15% DFA substituting for corn and soybean meal. Body weights, feed intake, feed conversion ratio （FCR）, rate of egg production, egg size, egg mass, and several characteristics of eggs were determined at 4 and 8 wk. Venous blood was sampled at 4 and 8 wk for measurement of 5 biomarkers of health. Results： The15% DFA diet decreased （P 〈 0.05） feed intake, egg production, and plasma uric acid concentrations as compared with the control diet, but increased （P 〈 0.05） egg albumen weight and height compared with the 7.5% DFA diets. The two levels of DFA produced dose-dependent （P 〈 0.05） changes in three color measures of egg yolk, without affecting four hen plasma biochemical indicators of health. Conclusions： Feeding laying hens with 7.5% DFA in the corn-soybean meal diet for 8 wk had no adverse effect on their health, egg production, or egg quality, but 15% inclusion reduced feed intake, egg production, and efficiency of feed utilization.  相似文献   

Using ecological trajectories to track long-term taxonomic and functional changes in benthic shallow soft-bottom communities (Bay of Saint-Brieuc,English Channel)     

Anthony Sturbois  Gaëtan Cormy  Alexandre Le Moal  Gauthier Schaal  Caroline Broudin  Eric Thiébaut  Alain Ponsero  Patrick Le Mao  Auriane Jones  Pascal Riera  Olivier Gauthier  Nicolas Desroy 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(11):3013-3033

1. Taxonomic and functional trajectories of benthic assemblages were studied in shallow soft-bottom sediments in the bay of Saint-Brieuc (Western English Channel). Changes were assessed at different spatial and temporal scales using a macrobenthic dataset based on 38 stations sampled in 1987 and 2019, coupled with data from one station sampled annually between 2005 and 2019 as part of the European Water Framework Directive monitoring programme.
2. Taxonomic trajectories indicated 1) changes in the structure and distribution of benthic assemblages, 2) an homogenization of the assemblages, and 3) significant functional shifts.
3. Fishing activities and nutrient enrichment are probably strong drivers of the observed changes, as suggested by the higher mortality rate of fragile, flexible, tubiculous and burrowing species, and the increase in the abundance of opportunistic species in the assemblages. Certain populations of macroinvertebrates seem jointly controlled by climate change and by the aforementioned local factors of disturbance.
4. The Community Trajectory Analysis framework appears as a new and interesting method to track ecological changes in marine ecosystems by measuring change with respect to a baseline state, to help define ecological recovery (station returning to the initial ecological state) and departure (station presenting increased changes over time), and to analyse trajectory similarity.
5. According to the degradation of habitat over time, we identify the need for the implementation of knowledge-based conservation strategies, especially within Natura 2000 sites.

  相似文献   

Dietary value of benthic diatoms for post-larval abalone <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haliotis diversicolor</Emphasis> associated with feeding transitions     

Toshihiro Onitsuka  Tomohiko Kawamura  Satoshi Ohashi  Toyomitsu Horii  Yoshiro Watanabe 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(2):295-302

ABSTRACT:   The feeding behavior and growth of post-larval Haliotis diversicolor with initial shell lengths (SL) of approximately 500 μm (Exp. 1-1 and 1-2), 800 μm (Exp. 2), and 1200 μm (Exp. 3) were studied in a laboratory setting while they fed on four species of benthic diatom Achnanthes longipes , Cocconeis sublittoralis , Cylindrotheca closterium , and Navicula ramosissima . Exp. 1-1 and 1-2 revealed no marked differences in post-larval growth rates (mean 24–39 μm SL/day) among the diatom species. However, marked differences in growth rates among the species were revealed in Exp. 2 and 3. Three species, A. longipes , Co. sublittoralis, and Cy. closterium , produced faster growth (Exp. 2 mean 29–51 μm/day, Exp. 3 mean 36–44 μm/day) than N. ramosissima (Exp. 2 mean 18 μm/day, Exp. 3 mean 23 μm/day). Post-larvae fed N. ramosissima had lower digestion efficiency (42.8%) than those fed other diatom species (90.7–100%). Diatom extracellular substances appeared to be principally used from post-settlement to 800 μm SL, and diatom cell contents were required to produce rapid growth of larger post-larvae (>800 μm SL). It is likely that the availability of each diatom for post-larvae was affected by diatom morphology, attachment strength, frustule strength, and post-larval size.  相似文献   

条斑紫菜硅藻附着症防治研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

马家海 《上海水产大学学报》1996,5(3):163-169

经调查，在江苏省连云港、浙江省象山港的中、后期条斑紫菜患有硅藻附着症。硅藻的种类以短纹楔形藻Ｌｉｃｍｏｐｈｏｒａ ａｂｂｒｅｖｉｔａ为绝对优势种。由于硅藻的附生会随着时间的推移越来越严重地影响紫菜的生长和加工的质量，因而作为硅藻附着症的防治应注意在早期抓紧加以处理。用ＰＨ为２．００－２．５０的酸类，处理１０－１５分钟，或者ＰＨ为１０．００－１０．４０的碳酸钠，处理１０－１５分钟，以及连线天干燥４小  相似文献