灌丛草地放牧山羊的牧草适口性与嗜食性及山羊采食率研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

杨泽新  蔡维湘 《草业科学》1995,12(2):17-21,24

通过对放牧山羊的牧草适口性，嗜食性和采食率及其相互关系的分析，表明山羊放牧对灌丛草地的植物适口性、嗜食性比率和采食率均以灌木嫩枝叶，中禾草和苔草属植物较优。季节性规律为：春季山羊喜哺食灌木嫩枝叶，灌木嗜食性比率较高，采食率也较高，夏季山羊喜草本植物，草本植物的嗜食性比率高于灌木，秋季山羊较喜啃食灌木枝叶，嗜食性比率灌木高于草本植物，采食率低于春季，灌木采食率高于草本植物。  相似文献   

二化螟在茭白上的钻蛀行为及其防治方法   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

俞晓平  郑许松  徐红星  陈建明  张珏锋 《植物保护学报》2004,31(1):26-32

研究了二化螟在茭白植株上的转移、钻蛀和产卵行为以及取食选择性,并根据其行为特性,制订合理的药剂喷施方法.结果表明,二化螟90%以上的卵产在茭白的叶片上,其余部分产在叶鞘上.产卵的主要叶位是心叶、倒一叶和倒二叶.超过50%的卵块集中在叶片距叶枕0～60cm的部位.幼虫孵化后,蚁螟蛀入的部位一般在叶枕以下的叶鞘内侧,多集中于倒四、倒五叶鞘.2龄后开始钻蛀内侧叶鞘,并蛀入茭白茎的内芯,二化螟幼虫在茭白植株上通常从叶片转移到叶鞘进行钻蛀危害.幼虫嗜食茭白茎部,其次为茭白果肉和叶鞘,对叶片几乎不取食.使用叶鞘喷施杀虫可达到对茭白进行全株喷雾同样的防治效果,并可节省40%～50%的用药量,经济和生态效益十分明显.  相似文献   

Sward characteristics,nutritive value and choice by cattle of conterminous monocultures of centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)          下载免费PDF全文

Masahiko Hirata  Toshiro Okuma  Yuichiro Tanaka  Manabu Tobisa 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(5):674-680

In south‐western Japan, centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides; CG) offers a novel option for a warm‐season perennial for grazing use in areas where bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; BG) can be grown. However, the potential of CG as a forage has not been fully explored because of the short history as a forage crop. We conducted four experiments to evaluate CG (cv. TifBlair) in comparison with BG (cv. Pensacola) in terms of sward characteristics, nutritive value and choice by animals. In each experiment, four Japanese Black cows (Bos taurus) were individually allowed to graze conterminous monocultures of CG and BG (5 × 10 m each) for 30 min. Irrespective of regrowth durations and fertilizer rates, CG was consistently shorter, leafier and denser, contained lower acid detergent fiber and cellulose, and was preferred or equally selected by cows, as compared with BG. Furthermore, CG maintained sufficient levels of crude protein (80–89 g/kg DM) to ensure voluntary intake of ruminant animals under extended regrowth^? and without fertilizer, whereas BG failed to do so (65 g/kg DM). CG provided higher digestible dry matter than BG when crude protein concentration exceeded 86 g/kg DM. The results indicate advantages of CG as a forage.  相似文献   

Horse Preference,Forage Yield,and Species Persistence of 12 Perennial Cool-Season Grass Mixtures Under Horse Grazing     

《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2016

Cool-season grass mixtures are rarely evaluated for preference, yield, and persistence under horse grazing. The objectives of this research were to evaluate horse preference, forage yield, and persistence of cool-season grass mixtures under horse grazing. Eight commercially marketed and four experimental perennial cool-season grass mixtures were planted in 2009 in a randomized complete block with five replicates and grazed by four adult horses during 2010, 2011, and 2012. All mixtures contained four to six cool-season perennial grass species. Specie density measurements were taken in each spring and fall, and yield was mechanically measured before each grazing period. After grazing, preference was determined by visually assessing percentage of forage removal on a scale of 0 (no grazing) to 100 (100% of vegetation removed). Data were analyzed using a mixed-model analysis of variance and liner regression. Horses preferred mixtures containing tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and timothy (P < .001). Horses had less preference for mixtures containing ≥30% orchardgrass (P < .001). Mixtures had similar (P = .11) forage yields that ranged from 6,100 to 7,082 kg ha⁻¹. After 2 years of grazing, orchardgrass and tall fescue increased; Kentucky bluegrass remained stable; and festulolium, meadow fescue, and perennial ryegrass had the greatest rate of decline in mixtures. Orchardgrass became the dominate species, regardless of initial percentage in the mixture. Mixtures containing tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and timothy should be planted in midwestern US horse pastures; however, mixtures will likely transition to tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass–dominated pastures.  相似文献   

草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用     

侯飞  邹梦婷  倪召红  乙天慈  郭建军  金道超 《植物保护学报》2023,50(2):530-537

为明确草栖钝绥螨Amblyseius herbicolus对二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae的控制潜能,在温度分别为19、22、25、28和31℃、相对湿度均为（85±5）%、光周期均为16 L∶8 D条件下测定草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食偏好性、捕食功能反应及自身干扰反应。结果表明,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨幼螨和第1若螨具有嗜食性,对其捕食选择系数分别为2.22和1.27,均大于1.00,对二斑叶螨卵、第2若螨和雌成螨捕食选择系数分别为0.61、0.68和0.22,均小于1.00。在不同温度条件下,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型;在19～31℃范围内,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的瞬时攻击率、最大日捕食量和捕食能力均随着温度升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,在28℃时达到最大值;而草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的处理时间随着温度升高呈先缩短后延迟的趋势,在28℃下处理时间最短。在相同温度下,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨卵、幼螨和第1若螨的捕食作用较强。在有限的捕食空间和二斑叶螨密度固定的条件下,草栖钝绥螨单头捕食量和捕食作用率随其自身密度的增加而逐渐下降,说...  相似文献   

Feeding preference and intraguild interactions between the parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae and the predator Macrolophus pygmaeus,two biological agents of Tuta absoluta     

Isabel Borges  Luisa Oliveira  Ana Durão  Patricia Arruda  António O. Soares 《Pest management science》2023,79(11):4376-4382

  相似文献   

黑龙江龙口自然保护区黑熊春季生境选择   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈洋  夏茜  王文  沈广爽 《野生动物》2010,31(2):63-68

分别于2008年4～5月和2009年4～5月,在龙口自然保护区对黑熊春季生境选择进行了研究,野外工作共设置87个10 m×10 m样方,并调查12个生态因子,其中利用样方41个,对照样方46个。通过Vanderploeg ＆Scavia选择指数得到,黑熊喜爱选择处于高海拔（〉450 m）、上坡位有石砬子且草本盖度适中（10%～40%）的生境,倾向选择乔木密度高（〉10株/100 m2）、郁闭度大（〉40%）、灌木密度较低（〈10%）、隐蔽级低（〈30%）、倒木密度大（〉1根/100 m2）、陡坡（〉30°）且向阳的针阔混交林。主成分分析与资源选择函数分析共同得到海拔、坡度、坡位、植被类型对黑熊生境选择影响较大,坡向和倒木密度影响较小的结果。综合分析,将Vanderploeg ＆ Scavia选择指数、主成分分析与资源选择函数相结合可以更好地反映黑熊生境选择情况。  相似文献   

赤眼蜂寄主选择性及其机理研究(Ⅱ) 赤眼蜂对寄主的选择行为及其机理分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

黄寿山  戴志一  吴达璋 《昆虫天敌》1995,(1)

3种赤眼蜂在多种寄主卵单独或共存条件下,趋向产卵的行为反应趋势相似。各“蜂—卵”组合之间,在上卵蜂率,偏嗜指数等行为反应指标上均有明显差异。该趋势与寄生特性不尽吻合,不同蜂种对不同寄主卵有各自的偏嗜性选择。繁蜂所用中间寄主卵,对蜂种原有的寄主选择嗜好性具有驯化改造作用,赤眼蜂对寄主卵的有机溶剂抽提物有敏感的趋向行为发生,赤眼蜂对寄主的选择性行为可能与寄主卵的化学信息物质有关。  相似文献   

Traders' preference for goat characteristics in selected markets of Pangasinan, Philippines     

Maria Excelsis M. ORDEN  Wilfred E. JAMANDRE  Ernesto O. BROWN  Edgar A. ORDEN  Emilio M. CRUZ  Ana Marie P. ALO  Edwin C. VILLAR 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(2):179-185

Preference for goat characteristics was determined from 42 traders in six markets in Pangasinan, an important trading center for goats in Luzon, the Philippines, and analyzed using a hedonic price model to determine whether these characteristics are important price determinants of goats. This information is important to goat raisers to respond to the needs of the local market, and thus to achieve a better price and higher income in goat raising. Meatiness, size, breed, sex and age (in descending order) were the dominant goat characteristics preferred by traders. Meatiness had the largest positive influence on price, with a price premium of US$6.24 (US$1.00 = PhP 53), whereas the age of the animal had the smallest influence at US$3.72. However, size and meatiness are manifestations of good breeds. Therefore, continued efforts to improve breeds in order to produce good quality goats are imperative to cater to market needs. Different characteristics implied different price premiums. Traders offered a higher price premium for better goat characteristics; thus, the improvement of these characteristics could result in higher returns for goat raisers.  相似文献   

洲际背包客中国出入境口岸选择   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

苏红霞  马耀峰 《干旱区资源与环境》2006,20(4):112-116

本文首次讨论洲际背包客在华出入境口岸选择偏好。在对西安、阳朔两地洲际背包客进行旅游市场实地亲身调查的基础上,总结了背包客对北京、香港、上海、广州中国四大进出境口岸城市的旅游访问率;讨论了对各口岸城市的选择行为并分析了影响口岸选择的因素;在Leiper双目的地旅游系统地理要素模型的基础上,构建了洲际背包客旅游系统地理要素模型;提出不同旅游偏好的洲际背包客对相应类型顶尖级旅游吸引物先睹为快的倾向。  相似文献