Contribution to the taxonomy and pathogenicity of fungicolous Verticillium species. II. Pathogenicity     

Dr. A. van Zaayen  Dr. W. Gams 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(4):143-154

In recent years in the Netherlands a second mushroom species,Agaricus bitorquis, which prefers higher temperatures thanA. bisporus and is less susceptible to certain diseases, is often commercially grown.Verticillium fungicola var.fungicola, the causal agent of dry bubble, is responsible for considerable damage in crops ofA. bisporus. InA. bitorquis, however, dry bubble has hardly been noticed, but brown spots due toV. fungicola var.aleophilum resulted in inferior mushroom quality. The latter variety also caused brown spots ina. bisporus, but to a minor degree. In variety Les Miz 60 ofA. bisporus, however, it also induced fruit-body deformation in a way different from dry bubble. Verticillium psalliotae, isolated fromA. bitorquis in England, induced more confluent brown spots inA. bitorquis. In the netherlands, where moreA. bitorquis is grown than in other countries,V. psalliotae has not yet been encountered in crops ofA. bitorquis. V. psalliotae, which has a high temperature optimum for mycelial growth, likeV. fungicola var.aleophilum andA. bitorquis, did not infectA. bisporus in our trials.Artificial infection ofA. bisporus orA. bitorquis could not be accomplished with the following related and/or fungicolous fungi:Verticillium lamellicola, V. fungicola var.flavidum, V. biguttatum, Nectriopsis tubariicola, Acremonium crotocinigenum andAphanocladium album.Samenvatting Vooral in Nederland wordt sinds een aantal jaren naastAgaricus bisporus ook de warmteminnende champignonsoortAgaricus bitorquis geteeld, die minder vatbaar is voor bepaalde ziekten. TerwijlVerticillium fungicola varfungicola in de teelt vanA. bisporus droge mollen en daardoor veel schade veroorzaakt, komen in de teelt vanA. bitorquis geen droge mollen voor maar wel bruine vlekken, die tot kwaliteitsverlies en dus schade leiden. De vlekken bleken veroorzaakt te worden doorV. fungicola var.aleophilum. Deze schimmel veroorzaakte ook inA. bisporus bruine vlekken, hoewel in minder ernstige mate, maar in het ras Les Miz 60 vanA. bisporus bovendien misvormde champignons, die wel op droge mollen leken, maar daaraan niet gelijk waren.OokV. psalliotae, in Engeland geïsoleerd vanA. bitorquis met vlekken, veroorzaakte wat meer samenvloeiende, bruine vlekken inA. bitorquis. In Nederland, waar meerA. bitorquis geteeld wordt dan in andere landen, isV. psalliotae nog niet aangetroffen in teelten vanA. bitorquis. InA. bisporus kon geen kunstmatige infectie worden verkregen metV. psalliotae, die net alsV. fungicola var.aleophilum enA. bitorquis warmteminnend genoemd zou kunnen worden.Met de volgendeVerticillium-achtige of van paddestoelen geïsoleerde schimmels kon evenmin op kunstmatige wijze een infectie worden opgeroepen inA. bisporus ofA. bitorquis: Verticillium lamellicola, V. fungicola var.flavidum, V. biguttatum, Nectriopsis tubariicola, Acremonium crotocinigenum enAphanocladium album.  相似文献   

The Effect of Additions in the Fermented Solution on Bubble Coalescence     

Zhang Hongjing Zhou Zhaoyi 《保鲜与加工》1997,(2):123-127

This paper presents a detail study of bubble coalescence in inorganic salts and organic compounds of fermented solution ,and preliminary analyses the principle of bubble coalescence.The experiments show that the relationship between the solute concentration and coalescence frequency reveals the existence of sharp transition concentration.  相似文献   

垄膜沟种涌泉灌溉技术要素的试验研究     

张寄阳  孙景生  陈玉民  刘小飞 《节水灌溉》2006,(6):13-15,19

在垄膜沟种农田进行了涌泉灌灌水试验，通过对水流推进过程观测，分析了田面水流运动特性，研究了沟宽对田间灌水均匀度的影响，并对垄膜沟种涌泉灌溉技术要素进行了探讨。结果表明，涌泉灌田面水流推进曲线可用幂函数表示。随着沟宽的增大，灌水均匀度呈下降趋势。从灌水质量和管网成本两方面综合考虑，试验条件下灌水技术要素的入沟流量、沟宽和灌水器间距分别以80～100L/h、20-30cm和4～5m为宜。  相似文献   

超微气泡增氧灌溉对水稻生育特性及产量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘学  朱练峰  陈琛  王会民  欧阳由男  禹盛苗  金千瑜 《灌溉排水学报》2009,(5)

以常规粳稻秀水09和杂交籼稻两优培九、国稻6号为试验材料,在2007和2008年采用大田试验,研究了超微气泡增氧灌溉对水稻生物学特性和产量的影响。结果表明,与常规灌溉相比,增氧灌溉处理具有分蘖发生快,叶面积指数大,干物质积累多等优点,尤其在生育后期表现出较大的干物质积累优势。增氧灌溉显著增加了水稻产量,其中秀水09分别增产8.45%(2007)和6.23%(2008)、国稻6号增产9.13%、两优培九增产7.49%。而且增氧灌溉明显提高了水稻有效穗数及结实率,但对水稻每穗总粒数和千粒重影响不明显。  相似文献   

微纳米加气灌溉对温室番茄生长、产量和品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张文正  翟国亮  王晓森  吕谋超  许睿  邓忠 《灌溉排水学报》2017,36(10)

为了探究微纳米加气灌溉对番茄的影响,采用温室小区试验,选择不同的水分控制下限条件,研究了其对番茄生长发育、产量、品质的影响。结果表明,微纳米加气灌溉模式下番茄株高、茎粗、单株叶面积增长速度较常规灌溉得到显著提高,表现为苗期、开花期、坐果期番茄生长优势明显,生长后期增长速度近似相同。基于番茄产量和灌溉水利用效率2个指标条件,微纳米加气灌溉较常规灌溉增长效果更好。微纳米加气灌溉改变番茄产量分布特征,促进番茄提早成熟从而获得更大的经济效益。微纳米加气灌溉对番茄VC量、可溶性固形物和蛋白质均有不同程度提高,有机酸呈降低趋势,对糖酸比的影响不大。综合认为,微纳米加气灌溉应用在温室番茄种植是可行的。  相似文献   

蘑菇褐腐病菌生物学特性和防治     

吴菊芳  支月娥  康素珍  陈德明  黄建春  姚红梅 《植物保护学报》1996,23(3):235-240

蘑菇褐腐病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发适宜温度为24～25℃,低至10℃,高达35℃,孢子停止萌发,在35℃和40℃恒温中,分别经5天和1天,菌丝均失去生活力;高湿有利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,100％相对湿度下分生孢子萌发率最高;菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发最适宜pH值分别为6和6.4,幼嫩蘑菇煮出液最能刺激孢子萌发,该病菌在菇床初侵染源是覆盖了带有病菌的覆盖土,在夏季对覆盖土壤进行日光曝晒4～5天,覆土前7天,用36％～38％化学纯甲醛3.5kg,兑水20～30kg,喷洒于种植111m~2蘑菇的覆盖土中熏蒸48h以上,防病效果均理想;发病后及时挖除病菇,能防止病菌再侵染,减轻褐腐病的为害。  相似文献   

农用纸膜破损试验     

詹崇杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2014,(6):47-48

为了解地膜替代品——农用纸膜在水田中应用过程中的破损情况,采用模拟试验的厅法,对造成纸膜破损的气液泡大小进行研究试验结果表明：和不考虑泥断不平度的情况下,能够引起纸膜破损的最小气泡直径为9cm,最小液泡直径为6cm。  相似文献   

Theoretically Investigation of Dynamic Characteristics of Spherical Bubble Collapse in Pulsed Abrasive Water Jet     

LU Yi yu  LI Xiao hong  YANG Lin 《保鲜与加工》2003,(5):99-102117

This paper theoretically investigates the characteristics of cavitating bubbles in the pulsed abrasive water jet(PAWJ) and establishes the dynamic equations of cavitating bubbles. The effects of abrasive diameter and density on the spherical bubble collapse are also analyzed. It is found that the change of abrasive diameter rarely affects the bubble collapse when the abrasive diameter and density are small whereas the smaller abrasive greatly blocks the bubble collapse when the abrasive diameter and density are comparably big. It is also shown that when the abrasive density is increased, the fluid viscosity rises, and the kinetic energy of the abrasives near the collapsed bubble is enhanced and meanwhile the intensity of cavitating erosion is weakened.  相似文献   

Analysis of flow characteristics in thermal-bubble actuated diffuser-nozzle valveless micropump     

PAN Liangming  YUE Wanfeng  WEI Jinghua  CHEN Deqi 《保鲜与加工》2013,(2):12-17

Based on the different flow resistance characteristic of diffuser/nozzle at the bubble growth and condensation stage, the flow characteristics of thermal-bubble actuated valveless micropump under different ratio of heating, driving frequency and diverging angle and different heating power are numerically investigated. Evaporation and condensation processes are accomplished by Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase flow model and User Defined Functions (UDF) interface. The results reveal that with the same ratio of heating time, the volume flow rate increases at first and then decreases with the increasing driving frequency. The micropump has a maximum flow rate of 5.87 μL/min when the driving pulse is 250 Hz at 10% heating ratio. The volume flow rate increases at first then decreases with the enlarging diverging angle when keeping the aspect ratio constant, and it will reach the maximum when the diverging angle is 14°, and it has a higher pressure difference between the diffuser and the nozzle. The average velocity at the diffuser neck is always greater than the nozzle during the entire driving period, the pumping flow rate presents a trend of increasing at first and then flatting with the increasing heating power.  相似文献   

鲟鱼气泡病病例简报   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

叶继丹  孙大江 《水产学杂志》1998,(2)

本文首次对鲟鱼气泡病作了报道,文章对该病病症进行了描述。初步分析了鲟鱼气泡病病因,并提出了防治鲟鱼气泡病的几点意见。  相似文献