旱地全膜覆土穴播和全沙覆盖平作对小麦田土壤水分和产量的调节机理   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

宋婷  王红丽  陈年来  张绪成 《中国生态农业学报》2014,22(10):1174-1181

以春小麦品种‘陇春27’为试材,采用田间试验法,以裸地平作为对照,研究半干旱区旱地全膜覆土穴播和全沙覆盖平作对小麦田土壤水分和产量的调节作用。结果表明:与裸地平作(CK)相比,全膜覆土穴播(PM)和全沙覆盖平作(SM)小麦田0~40 cm土壤水分条件明显改善,尤其在干旱年份,能满足小麦前期生长,同时促进小麦出苗后对0~200 cm土壤水分的利用;种植第1年PM在60~80 cm土层耗水量最大,SM和CK在40~60 cm土层耗水量最大;种植第2年PM以120~180 cm土层耗水量最多,SM和CK则以60~80 cm土层耗水量最多。连续种植两年后,PM耗水深度从120 cm延伸到200 cm,SM耗水深度从120 cm延伸到140 cm,CK耗水深度无变化;小麦田休闲效率PM最大,SM次之,CK最小,但是各处理休闲效率随种植年限增加而降低。可见,PM和SM能改善小麦前期生长水分环境,促进出苗后耗水,并加快小麦对土壤深层水分的利用,因而与CK相比,PM产量增加48.77%~815.79%,SM产量增加49.41%~702.24%。但随种植年限增加,耗水深度加大,休闲效率降低,多年种植可能对土壤水分生态产生不利影响。  相似文献   

加工专用型花生品种适宜栽培因子及加工属性研究简报   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

苏秋芹  卢春生  郭其茂  陈永水  陈剑洪 《花生学报》2006,35(3):19-23

采用正交试验设计方法进行了品种(A)、穴粒数(B)及种植密度(C)三因素正交试验,同时进行品种加工属性研究。结果表明,品种和穴粒数的极差R′较大,其次是种植密度。泉花538的加工成品率和一级品率分别比对照高4.4和9.7个百分点,泉花627的加工成品率和一级品率分别比对照高5.3和9.3个百分点,这两个品种的产量分居第一、二位,而且加工属性较佳,适宜加工咸酥花生。另外还就各因素对产量影响以及最优处理组合进行了分析。  相似文献   

旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播技术肥料效应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭振斌  刘广才  李诚德  高应平 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2014,(4):163-168

采用多点田间小区试验研究了不同旱作区小麦全膜覆土穴播技术的肥料效益。结果表明,全膜覆土穴播技术能显著提高小麦肥料利用率和肥料利用效率。全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾肥利用率最高分别为44.3%、24.7%、37.9%,平均分别为38.7%、21.0%、29.1%,较露地条播分别增加8.6、5.1、6.6个百分点;全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾肥料利用效率最高分别为14.8、25.0、13.1 kg·kg^-1,平均分别为12.9、21.2、12.3 kg·kg^-1,较露地条播分别增长29.0%、31.7%、23.0%。全膜覆土穴播技术能增强小麦对土壤养分的吸收利用能力,显著提高缺素区小麦的相对产量,从而降低氮、磷、钾施肥依从度。全膜覆土穴播小麦缺氮、缺磷、缺钾区相对产量最高分别为60.0%、54.7%、89.7%,平均为58.7%、52.7%、88.8%,较露地条播分别增加3.7、3.9、2.7个百分点;全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾施肥依从度最高分别为42.6%、49.5%、11.9%,平均为41.3%、47.3%、11.2%,较露地条播分别减少3.7、3.9、2.7个百分点。  相似文献   

施氮与株丛切割对退化新麦草草地的改良效果   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

戎郁萍  韩建国 《草地学报》1999,7(2):157-164

本文研究了施氮肥和株丛切割对退化新麦草人草地生产性能的影响，结果表明，施氮肥和株丛切割提高了新麦草草地生产性能和生产力。此外，施氮肥可改善牧草品质及土壤牮氮能力。株丛切割和施氮肥（１２０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２）相结合与单施氮肥相比，成本较低，对退化新麦草草地的改良效果良好，年均产草量２６７９．５ｋｇＤＭ／ｈｍ＾２。  相似文献   

Underplanting oil palm with cocoa in Ghana     

F. M. Amoah  B. N. Nuertey  K. Baidoo-Addo  F. K. Oppong  K. Osei-Bonsu  T. E. O. Asamoah 《Agroforestry Systems》1995,30(3):289-299

Mature oil palms at the Oil Palm Research Institute at Kusi, Ghana were underplanted with cocoa to study the feasibility of mixed cropping of the two crops under West African conditions. The oil palm trees used in this trial were planted in 1970 and had achieved maximum canopy formation. Three triangular spacings of the oil palms used were 8.7, 9.9 and 10.5 m. The cocoa was underplanted in June 1988 at a spacing of 2.4 m triangular using mixed hybrids. There were no significant differences in oil palm yield between plots with cocoa and the controls. There was no appreciable damage to the cocoa trees from falling palm fronds and fruits during harvesting or pruning. Cocoa seedling growth and yield were significantly better under the oil palm spaced at 9.9 or 10.5 m triangular than under oil palm space at 8.7 m triangular.  相似文献   

Efficiency of bunch-planted and single-planted seedlings for selecting superior families in sugarcane     

J. C. Skinner 《Euphytica》1982,31(2):523-537

Summary The efficiency of family selection in bunch-planted sugareane seedlings was investigated by planting 40 families (20 proven and 20 experimental) as bunches and as single seedlings in adjoining replicated trials. A replicated trial planted the following year. using stem cuttings from random seedlings of each family. provided an independant estimate of the value of each family.Five methods were used to compare bunch and single planting, namely theoretical and realized gains from selection, correlations between the seedling and evaluation trials, discrimination based on proven cross classes, and discrimination based on production of advanced selections. Overall, bunch planting was inferior to single planting for family selection. It was promising for only one method of evaluation (proven cross classes) but this, combined with the relatively small area required for bunch-planted seedlings, indicates that family selection may be possible in such plantings. The use of a number of methods of evaluation showed that incorrect conclusions were likely if only one method were used, and revealed deficiencies in methods which would otherwise be considered satisfactory. The project provided a basis for the design of more critical experiments.The components of weight of cane, namely number of stalks and weight per stalk, are negatively correlated, and showed different relationships with yield in the seedling and evaluation trials. Weight per stalk was an important component in seedling trials, with number of stalks by far the main component in the evaluation trial which was planted by the commerical method using stem cuttings.Family selection based on number of stalks and sugar content, preceding mass selection, is likely to provide a better selection system than the usual mass selection in bunch-planted seedlings.Families do not express their full genetic potential in original seedlings. whether bunch or single planted: trials planted from stem cuttings give more effective family selection. Furthermore, family selection for the most important characters (net merit grade and weight of sugar) was much more effective in ratoon than in plant crops. These results have important implications for the practical selection program, further experimental work being necessary to specify the most efficient system.  相似文献   

全膜覆土穴播种植冬小麦对旱地土壤微生物数量及生物量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王静  张天佑 《水土保持通报》2016,36(1):188-192

[目的]揭示全膜覆土穴播种植方式对土壤微生态环境的影响,为其进一步推广应用提供参考依据。[方法]采用田间试验,研究不同覆膜种植方式对冬小麦各生育期土壤微生物数量和微生物量的影响。[结果]全膜覆土穴播方式可明显增加冬小麦各生育期的土壤微生物数量(除自生固氮细菌)以及微生物量C和N。与传统栽培方式相比,全膜覆土穴播方式和全膜不覆土穴播方式土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌分别平均提高32.07%和10.23%,31.27%和10.57%,44.56%和26.51%;氨化细菌和硝化细菌分别平均提高32.54%和37.80%,79.20%和107.22%;微生物量C和N含量分别平均提高29.90%,20.68%%和29.41%,18.02%。各处理土壤微生物数量和微生物量整体从小麦返青期开始升高,到拔节期或抽穗期达到峰值,生长后期有所下降。[结论]全膜穴播方式下土壤微生物数量和微生物量土壤随土层的加深呈减少的趋势。全膜覆土穴播方式有利于冬小麦土壤微生物数量和微生物量的提高。  相似文献   

渗水地膜穴播对谷子根系和产量的影响     

夏雪岩  宋世佳  任晓利  刘猛  南春梅  赵宇  刘斐  崔纪菡  李顺国 《农业科学与技术》2016,(8)

采用随机区组设计,研究了渗水地膜穴播对谷子根系生长发育和产量的影响,结果表明:渗水地膜穴播对谷子根系的生长发育和产量具有显著的促进作用,谷子的总根长、总表面积、总体积、根尖数分别较对照增加了51.30％、47.89％、48.39％、41.63％.产量增加48.57％,产量与根长、总表面积、总体积、根尖数、根于物重具有显著的正相关关系,发达的根系是渗水地膜穴播增产的根源.  相似文献   

Lantana camara——an Ecological Bioindicator Plant for Decontamination of Pb-Impaired Soil Under Organic Waste-Supplemented Scenarios     

Frank Ogenna ALARIBE  Pariatamby AGAMUTHU 《土壤圈》2019,29(2):248-258

Heavy metal extraction and processing from ores releases elements into the environment. Soil, being an "unfortunate" sink, has its bionomics impaired and affected by metal pollution. Metals sneak into the food chain and pose risk to humans and other edaphicdependent organisms. For decontamination, the use of an ecosystem-friendly approach involving plants is known as phytoremediation.In this study, different lead(Pb) concentrations(80, 40, 20, and 10 mg kg~(-1)) were used to contaminate a well-characterized soil,(un)supplemented with organic waste empty fruit bunch(EFB) or spent mushroom compost(SMC), with non-edible plant—Lantana camara. Lead removal by L. camara ranged from 45.51% to 88.03% for supplemented soil, and from 23.7% to 57.8% for unsupplemented soil(P 0.05). The EFB-supplemented and L. camara-remediated soil showed the highest counts of heavy metal-resistant bacteria(HMRB)(79.67 × 10~6–56.0 × 10~6 colony forming units(CFU) g~(-1) soil), followed by SMC-supplemented and L. camara-remediated soil(63.33 × 10~6–39.0 × 10~6 CFU g~(-1) soil). Aerial metal uptake ranged from 32.08 ± 0.8 to 5.03 ± 0.08 mg kg~(-1) dry weight, and the bioaccumulation factor ranged from 0.401 to 0.643(P 0.05). Half-lives(t_(1/2)) of Pb were 7.24–2.26 d in supplemented soil,18.39–11.83 d in unsupplemented soil, and 123.75–38.72 d in the soil without plants and organic waste. Freundlich isotherms showed that the intensity of metal absorption(n) ranged from 2.44 to 2.51 for supplemented soil, with regression coefficients of determination(R~2) between 0.901 2 and 0.984 0. The computed free-energy change(?G) for Pb absorption ranged from -5.01 to 0.49 kJ mol~(-1) K~(-1) for EFB-supplemented soil and -3.93 to 0.49 k J mol~(-1) K~(-1) for SMC-supplemented soil.  相似文献   

半干旱区谷子丛植地膜覆盖的增产效应及产量构成因子分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

刘社代 《甘肃农业大学学报》1998,33(1):62-67

在定西县石泉乡进行的谷子丛植覆膜种植试验的结果表明：覆膜栽培的谷子其单位面积产量较平均水平（１１６８ｋｇ／ｈｍ２）提高４．３５倍。在试验设计范围内,谷子每播种穴产量随每穴株数的增加而线性增加,其回归方程为Ｙ＝１７．８９ｘ＋２７．２９。对谷子产量构成诸因素的分析显示出,当每穴株数大于４时,每穴产量的增加将渐趋平缓。  相似文献