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1.
浸叶法证明，多杀菌素(spinosad)、乙酰氨基阿维菌素和虫螨腈比阿维菌素对粘虫表现出更高的杀虫活性。其杀虫活性分别比阿维菌素高5倍、8倍和3．7倍。 相似文献
2.
为明确溴虫腈与哒螨灵的联合杀螨活性,采用玻片浸渍法测定了溴虫腈与哒螨灵不同配比混剂对朱砂叶螨雌成螨的杀螨活性,并以共毒因子法和共毒系数法评价混剂的增效作用。结果表明,溴虫腈和哒螨灵对朱砂叶螨雌成螨处理后24 h的致死中质量浓度(LC50)分别为8.80、17.69mg/L;溴虫腈与哒螨灵的质量比为49∶51、47∶53、45∶55时增效最明显,对朱砂叶螨处理后24 h的共毒系数分别为177.94、178.49、173.73,LC50分别为6.65、6.72、7.00 mg/L,其毒力分别是哒螨灵的2.66倍、2.63倍、2.53倍。因此,45%~49%溴虫腈与51%~55%哒螨灵混合具有显著的增效作用。 相似文献
3.
The interactions between six insecticides (indoxacarb, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl, tebufenozide and chlorfenapyr) and three potential synergists, (piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DEM)) were studied by dietary exposure in a multi-resistant and a susceptible strain of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). The synergists did not produce appreciable synergism with most of the insecticides in the susceptible strain. Except for tebufenozide, PBO synergized all the insecticides to varying degrees in the resistant strain. A very high level of synergism by PBO was found with indoxacarb, which reduced the resistance level from 705- to 20-fold when PBO was administered alone and to around 10-fold when used in combination with DEF. DEF also synergized indoxacarb, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl and tebufenozide in the resistant strain. DEM produced synergism of indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr in the resistant strain. DEM was highly synergistic to cypermethrin, and to some extent to tebufenozide in both the susceptible and resistant strains equally, implying that detoxification by glutathione S-transferases was not a mechanism of resistance for these insecticides. The high level of synergism seen with DEM in the case of cypermethrin may be due to an increase in oxidative stress resulting from the removal of the antioxidant, glutathione. These studies indicate that enhanced detoxification, often mediated by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, but with probable esterase and glutathione S-transferase contributions in some cases, is the major mechanism imparting resistance to different insecticides in C. rosaceana. 相似文献
4.
液相色谱法测定蔬菜中咯菌腈、溴虫腈和虱螨脲等农药的残留量 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
建立了同时测定蔬菜（青菜、菜豆、卷心菜、番茄）中咯菌腈、虱螨脲和溴虫腈等农药残留的高效液相色谱法。蔬菜以乙腈高速匀浆提取,过NH2小柱净化,再用甲醇定容。而土壤样品较干净,经乙腈振荡提取1h,浓缩后定容过膜即可。采用甲醇-水为流动相,利用C18柱和紫外检测器（检测波长：260nm）对待测组分进行了分离和测定。实验证明,添加浓度在0.1、0.5、1mg/kg时,蔬菜中咯菌腈、虱螨脲和溴虫腈平均添加回收率在78.2～117.3%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）〈10%,咯菌腈、虱螨脲和溴虫腈在样品中的最低检出浓度为0.1mg/kg,最小检出量为：1ng。 相似文献
5.
为建立大白菜和土壤中虫螨腈残留的气相色谱测定方法,采用乙腈提取、弗罗里硅土柱固相萃取净化、气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)测定等方法,研究了虫螨腈在大白菜和土壤中的残留消解动态及最终残留量。结果表明:在0.01、0.1和1.0 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,虫螨腈的平均回收率为86.6%~108.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.4%~3.2%,最小检出量为1.0×10-12 g,最低检测浓度为0.01 mg/kg。采用20%虫螨腈悬浮剂按450 g/667m2的剂量施药,虫螨腈在大白菜中的半衰期为6.0 d,在土壤中的半衰期为7.03 d,药后7 d大白菜中的最终残留量≤1.572 mg/kg,低于我国的最大残留限量值2.0 mg/kg。建议在大白菜上使用20%虫螨腈悬浮剂时,施药制剂量为20~30 g/667m2(折合有效剂量60~90 g/hm2),施药2~3次,安全间隔期为7 d。 相似文献
6.
以杀虫剂溴虫腈为起始原料,合成了半抗原4-溴-2-(对氯苯基)-1-乙氧基甲基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯-3-甲胺(简称CFP-NH:).通过戊二醛法将该半抗原分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清白蛋白(OVA)进行偶联得到全抗原,经紫外光谱法鉴定后,用三硝基苯磺酸法(TNBS)测得2偶联物偶联比分别为22:1和15:1.以CFP-NH2-BSA免疫新西兰白兔、CFP-NH2-OVA为包被原,对其抗血清进行间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA),测得抗血清效价为2.56×104,抗血清竞争性抑制试验表明,溴虫腈质量浓度为40 μg/mL时,其抑制率达80%以上,进一步证明抗原合成成功. 相似文献
7.
BACKGROUND: The presence of bed bug populations resistant to pyrethroids demands the development of new control tactics, including the use of insecticides with new modes of action. Insecticides that disrupt oxidative phosphorylation in insect mitochondria can be an option. Laboratory assays were used to measure the toxicity of chlorfenapyr to susceptible strains and two strains highly resistant to pyrethroids. The effectiveness of two chlorfenapyr‐based formulations was compared, and behavioral responses of bed bugs to dry residues of aerosol sprays were evaluated. RESULTS: Chlorfenapyr was effective against all bed bug strains, killing them at a similar rate, regardless of their susceptibility status to pyrethroids. Dry residues aged for 4 months were as toxic as fresh dry residues. The aerosol formulation had contact activity and caused faster mortality than a water‐based formulation. Bed bugs did not avoid resting on surfaces treated with aerosol. CONCLUSION: Chlorfenapyr is an option for controlling pyrethroid‐resistant bed bugs. While it does not cause quick knockdown, its long residual activity and no avoidance behavior of bed bugs to dry residues appear to make this insecticide suitable for bed bug control. A faster insecticidal effect is obtained with the aerosol formulation, suggesting greater bioavailablity of the toxicant. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
8.
溴虫腈在不同溶剂中的光化学降解 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
研究了高压汞灯光源下溴虫腈在不同溶剂中的光化学降解特性及其影响因素。在室内模拟条件下,初始质量浓度为2 mg/L的溴虫腈在纯水中的光解半衰期为25.86 min,在1~10 mg/L范围内,其光解速率随初始浓度的增大而降低;溴虫腈在pH值为5、7和9的缓冲溶液中的光解半衰期分别为42.52、24.49和32.39 min,即其在中性条件下光解最快;不同形态含氮离子(NO2-、NO3-、NH4+)对溴虫腈的光解均表现为抑制作用,且在离子质量浓度＜20 mg/L时,NO3-、NO2-的抑制作用较强,≥20 mg/L时则NH4+的抑制作用较强;溴虫腈在不同有机溶剂中的光解速率从大到小依次为:正己烷>甲醇>乙酸乙酯>丙酮,其光解速率与有机溶剂的极性大小无关。研究结果可为溴虫腈的环境风险评价提供参考。 相似文献
9.
2种化学农药对斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒的增效作用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
在温度(28±1)℃的实验室条件下,用化学农药毒死蜱和除尽与斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(SLNPV)混合感染4龄期的斜纹夜蛾幼虫。结果表明:终浓度为10%常用量的化学农药病毒悬液,7 d的毒力倍数为1 194.09和661.40;LT50缩短2.319~2.916 d;终浓度为5×106PIB/mL的SLNPV农药稀释液,5 d的毒力倍数为2.75和2,其理论值LT50分别缩短10.742 d和6.402 d。 相似文献
10.
Tetranychus urticae Koch has recently developed resistance to chlorfenapyr in Australia and Japan, but no attempt has yet been made to describe the biochemical mechanisms involved in chlorfenapyr resistance. In this study a laboratory-selected chlorfenapyr-resistant strain was investigated. Resistance to chlorfenapyr was associated with a strong increase in esterase activity and P450 mono-oxygenase (MO) activity but a decrease in 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMBZ) peroxidation activity. Differences in esterase activities between susceptible and resistant strains increased with increasing carbon number of the aliphatic side-chain of the nitrophenol substrate. A 4.4-fold increase in the O-deethylation of 7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin (7-EFC) mediated by P450 MOs was detected. Remarkably, the resistant strain showed only half of the total TMBZ peroxidation activity found in the susceptible strain. The activity of these enzymes was further determined on different crosses and back-crosses of both strains. Results indicated that activities correlated with chlorfenapyr susceptibility and could be considered as biochemical markers. Esterase isozymes of both strains and their crosses were separated with isoelectric focusing (IEF) and visualised after activity staining. It was clear that two distinct zones of enhanced esterase activity were present in the chlorfenapyr-resistant strain (EST 11, pI = 4.88 and EST 16, pI = 4.71). EST 11 was identified with inhibitors as a carboxylesterase. The relative presence and intensity of these esterase zones changed in the different crosses and could be seen as a marker for chlorfenapyr resistance. Glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were not significantly different between strains. A twofold decrease in TMBZ peroxidase activity in the resistant strain could reflect decreased activation of chlorfenapyr. On the basis of these results the involvement of P450 MOs and esterases in the activation and detoxification of chlorfenapyr in T. urticae is challenged and discussed. 相似文献